Kesetimbangan asam

basa
Latihan soal
 Q1
• In a sample of blood at 25 °C,  H +  = 4.6  10−8 M . Find OH − 
and determine if the solution is acidic, basic or neutral.
Ans
In a sample of blood at 25 °C,  H +  = 4.6  10−8 M . Find OH − 
and determine if the solution is acidic, basic or neutral.

K w = [H + ][OH − ] = 1  10−14

− K w 1.0  10−14 −7
[OH ] = + = = 2.2  10
[H ] 4.6  10−8
• So 2.2  10−7 M  4.6  10−8 M

• OH −    H 3O +  so the solution is basic

Q2
Calculate pH and pOH of blood in Q1
Ans
Calculate pH and pOH of blood in Q1
We found  H +  = 4.6 10−8 M
 
OH −  = 2.2 10−7 M

( )
pH = − log 4.6 10−8 = 7.34
pOH = − log ( 2.2 10 ) = 6.66
−7

14.00 = pKw
Or
pOH = 14.00 – pH = 14.00 – 7.34 = 6.66
Q3
Kw increases with increasing temperature. At 50 °C, K w = 5.476 10−14.
What is the pH of a neutral solution at 50 °C ?

A. 7.00
B. 6.63
C. 7.37
D. 15.3
Ans
Kw increases with increasing temperature. At 50 °C, K w = 5.476 10−14.
What is the pH of a neutral solution at 50 °C ?

A. 7.00  H +  = OH − 

B. Answer: 6.63 K w =  H +   OH − 

1
C. 7.37  H  = K w
+ 2

D. 15.3 1

(
 H  = 5.476 10
+ −14 2
)
 H +  = 2.34 10−7

(
pH = − log 2.34 10−7 )
Q4
What are  H +  and OH −  of pH = 3.00 solution?
   
Ans
What are  H +  and OH −  of pH = 3.00 solution?
   
•  H +  = 10−3.00 = 1.0 10−3 M
1.0 10−14
• OH  =
−
−3
= 1.0 10−11 M
1.0 10
Q5
What are  H +  and OH −  of pH = 4.00 solution?
Ans
What are  H +  and OH −  of pH = 4.00 solution?
• pH = 4.00  H +  = 1.0 10−4 M
1.0 10−14
• OH  =
−
−4
= 1.0 10−10 M
1.0 10
Q6
This is how we measure pH by p H meter, except
a. Most accurate
b. Calibrate with solutions of known pH before use
c. Electrode sensitive to  H + 
 
d. Accurate to  0.01 pH unit
e. Dyes, change color depending on  H +  in solution
 
Ans
1. pH meter
• Most accurate
• Calibrate with solutions of known pH before use
• Electrode sensitive to  H + 
 
• Accurate to  0.01 pH unit
2. Acid-base indicator
• Dyes, change color depending on  H +  in solution
 
• Used in pH paper and titrations
• Give pH to  1 pH unit
3. Litmus paper
• Red pH  4.7 acidic • Strictly acidic versus basic
• Blue pH  4.7 basic
Q7
What is the pH of NaOH solution at 25 °C in which the OH–
concentration is 0.0026 M?
Ans
What is the pH of NaOH solution at 25 °C in which the OH–
concentration is 0.0026 M?
[OH–] = 0.0026 M
pOH = –log(0.0026) = 2.59
pH = 14.00 – pOH
= 14.00 – 2.59
= 11.41
Q8
A sample of fresh pressed apple juice has an  H +  = 1.7 10−4 M .

Calculate the pH of this apple juice.

A. –3.76
B. 7.60
C. 10.24
D. –3.00
E. 3.76
Ans
A sample of fresh pressed apple juice has an  H +  = 1.7 10−4 M .

Calculate the pH of this apple juice.

A. –3.76
pH = − log  H + 
B. 7.60
C. 10.24
(
= − log 1.7  10−4 )
= 3.76
D. –3.00
E. Answer: 3.76
Q9
What is the [OH–] and pH of a solution that has  H 3O +  = 2.3 10−5 M ?

[OH–] pH

A. 2.3 10−5 M 9.40

B. 1.0 10−14 M 14.00
C.
4.3 10−10 M 4.60
D. 7.7 10−9 M 5.23
E. 1.0 10−7 M 7.00
Ans
What is the [OH–] and pH of a solution that has  H 3O +  = 2.3 10−5 M ?

[OH–] pH
Kw
A. 2.3 10 M −5 OH −  =
9.40  H + 
B. 1.0 10−14 M 14.00 110−14
OH  =
−

C. Answer: 2.3 10−5

4.3 10−10 M 4.60
OH −  = 4.3 10−10
D. 7.7 10−9 M 5.23
E. 1.0 10−7 M 7.00 (
pH = − log  H +  )
(
pH = − log 2.3 10−5 )
Q10
Calculate the concentration of OH− ions in a 1.4 10−3 M HCl Solution?

[OH–]

A. 1.4 10−3 M
B. 1.0 10−14 M
7.110−12 M
C.

D. 1.4 1011 M
E. 7.11012 M
Ans
Calculate the concentration of OH− ions in a 1.4 10−3 M HCl Solution?

[OH–]

A. 1.4 10−3 M
B. 1.0 10−14 M  H +  = 1.4 10−3 M
C. Answer:
7.110 −12
M OH −  = 7.110−12 M
D. 1.4 1011 M
E. 7.11012 M
Q11
What is the pOH and the  H 3O +  of a solution that has a pH of 2.33?
Ans
What is the pOH and the  H 3O +  of a solution that has a pH of 2.33?

pOH = 11.67

 H 3O +  = 4.7 10−3
Q12
What is the pH and the [H3O+] of a solution that has a pOH of 1.89?

[H3O+] pH

A. 1.29 10−2 M 1.89

B. 1.0 10−14 M 14.00
C.
1.50 10−11 M 10.82
D. 7.8 10−13 M 12.11
E. 1.0 10−7 M 7.00
Ans
What is the pH and the [H3O+] of a solution that has a pOH of 1.89?

[H3O+] pH

A. 1.29 10−2 M 1.89 pH = 14 − pOH

B. 1.0 10−14 M 14.00 pH = 14 − 1.89 = 12.11

C. [H 3O + ] = 10−12.11
1.50 10−11 M 10.82
D. Answer: 7.8 10−13 M 12.11
E. 1.0 10−7 M 7.00
Q13
A sample of fresh pressed apple juice has a pH of 3.76. Calculate  H  .
+

A. 7.6 10−3 M
B. 3.76 M
C. 0.24 M
D. 5.9 10−9 M
E. 1.7 10−4 M
Ans
A sample of fresh pressed apple juice has a pH of 3.76. Calculate  H +  .

A. 7.6 10 −3 [H + ] = 10− pH

M
B. 3.76 M = 10−3.76

C. 0.24 M = 1.7 10−4 M

D. 5.9 10−9 M
E. Answer: 1.7 10−4 M
Q14
a. Calculate the pH of 0.00011 M Ca(OH)2.

Ca ( OH )2 ( s ) + H 2 O → Ca 2+ ( aq ) + 2OH − ( aq )

b. What is this in the  H +  of the solution?

Ans
Calculate the pH of 0.00011 M Ca(OH)2.
Ca ( OH )2 ( s ) + H 2 O → Ca 2+ ( aq ) + 2OH − ( aq )

• OH −  = 2  C Ca OH
( ( )2 )
• = 2  0.00011 M = 0.00022 M
• pOH = – log (0.00022) = 3.66
• pH = 14.00 – pOH

• = 14.00 − 3.66 = 10.34

• What is this in the  H +  of the solution?
•  H +  = 10−12.34 = 4.6 10−11 M
Q15
What is the pH of 0.10 M HCl?
Ans
What is the pH of 0.10 M HCl?
HCl is a strong acid and dissociates completely,

HCl ( aq ) + H 2 O → H + ( aq ) + Cl − ( aq )
Int. 0.10 N/A 0 0
Final 0 N/A 0.10 0.10

pH = –log(0.10) = 1.00
Q16
What is the pH of 0.5 M Ca(OH)2?
Ans
What is the pH of 0.5 M Ca(OH)2?
A strong base and dissociates completely

Ca ( OH )2 ( aq ) → Ca 2+ ( aq ) + 2 OH − ( aq )
Int. 0.5 0 0
Final 0 0.5 1.0

pOH = –log(1.0) = 0.00

pH = 14.00 – pOH = 14.00 – 0.00 = 14.00
Q17
What is the pKa of HF if K a = 3.5  10−4 ?

HF 𝑎𝑞 + H2 O ⇌ F − 𝑎𝑞 + H3 O+ 𝑎𝑞
Ans
What is the pKa of HF if
K a = 3.5  10−4 ?
HF 𝑎𝑞 + H2 O ⇌ F − 𝑎𝑞 + H3 O+ 𝑎𝑞

or
HF 𝑎𝑞 ⇌ F − 𝑎𝑞 + H + 𝑎𝑞

[F− ][H + ]
Ka = = 3.5  10−4
[HF]

pK a = − log K a = − log ( 3.5  10−4 ) = 3.46

Q18
What is the pKb of C5H5N if K b = 1.7  10−9 ?

C5 H5 N 𝑎𝑞 + H2 O ⇌ C5 H5 NH + 𝑎𝑞 + OH − 𝑎𝑞
Ans
What is the pKb of C5H5N if K b = 1.7  10−9 ?

C5 H5 N 𝑎𝑞 + H2 O ⇌ C5 H5 NH + 𝑎𝑞 + OH − 𝑎𝑞

_
[C5 H 5 NH + ][OH ]
Kb = = 1.7  10−9
[C5 H 5 N]

pK b = − log K b = − log (1.7  10−7 ) = 8.76

Q19
Hypochlorous acid, H C l O, is a weak acid with K a = 3.0  10−8.
What is the pH of a solution with an initial concentration of
0.20 M hypochlorous acid ?
A. 3.41
B. 4.11
C. 6.82
D. 2.89
Ans
Hypochlorous acid, H C l O, is a weak acid with K a = 3.0  10−8.
What is the pH of a solution with an initial concentration of
0.20 M hypochlorous acid ?
A. 3.41
B. Answer: 4.11
C. 6.82
D. 2.89
Ans

−8

 H O +

 
 OCl −
 x2
K a = 3.0  10 = =
3

 HOCl 0.20 − x
Assume x is small
−8 x2
3.0  10 = x 2 = 6.0  10 −9
0.20 − x
x = 7.74  10−5 pH = –log (7.74  10−5 ) = 4.11
Q20
The Ka for benzoic acid is 6.5  10 −5
. What is the pH of a 0.10 M
benzoic acid solution?
A. 2.60
B. 4.19
C. 2.09
D. 1.59
Ans
The Ka for benzoic acid is 6.5  10−5. What is the pH of a 0.10 M
benzoic acid solution?
A. Answer: 2.60  H O +
  C H COO -

−5    x2
K a = 6.5  10 = =
3 6 5
B. 4.19 C6 H5COOH  0.10 − x
C. 2.09 Assume x is small
D. 1.59 −5
6.5  10 =
x2
x 2 = 6.5  10 −6
0.10
x = 2.55  10−3 pH = –log (2.55  10−3 ) = 2.60
Q21
The base ionization constant for methylamine, C H 3 N H 2, is
4.4 10−4. What is the pOH when 0.050 mol CH3NH2 is
dissolved to make one liter of solution? The ionization reaction
in water is
CH3 NH2 + H2 O ⇌ CH3 NH3 + + OH −

A. 1.03
B. 2.33
C. 11.67
D. 12.97
Ans
The base ionization constant for methylamine, C H 3 N H 2, is
4.4 10−4. What is the pOH when 0.050 mol CH3NH2 is
dissolved to make one liter of solution? The ionization reaction
in water is
CH3 NH2 + H2 O ⇌ CH3 NH3 + + OH −

A. 1.03
B. Answer: 2.33
C. 11.67
D. 12.97
Ans

CH 3 NH 3+  OH −  x2
K b = 4.4  10−4 = =
CH3 NH 2  0.05 − x
Assume x is small
2
x
4.4  10−4 = x 2 = 2.2  10−5
0.05 − x
x = 4.69  10−3 pOH = –log (4.69  10−3 ) = 2.33
pH = 14.00 − pOH = 14.00 − 2.33 = 11.67
Q22
Calculate the pH for a solution of 0.025 M pyridine (py)
py + H2 O ⇌ pyH + + OH − 𝐾𝑏 = 1.7 × 10−9

A. 5.23
B. 8.77
C. 8.81
D. 5.19
Ans
Calculate the pH for a solution of 0.025 M pyridine (py)
py + H2 O ⇌ pyH + + OH −

A. 5.23 +
pyH OH − 𝑥2
B. 8.77 𝐾𝑏 = 1.7 × 10−9 = =
py 0.025 − 𝑥
C. Answer: 8.81 Assume 𝑥 is small
−9
𝑥2
1.7 × 10 = 𝑥 2 = 4.25 × 10−11
D. 5.19 0.025
𝑥 = 6.52 × 10−6 pOH = –log (6.52 × 10−6 )
= 5.19
pH = 14.00 − pOH = 14.00 − 5.19 = 8.81
Q23
Predict whether a 0.10 M solution of NH4Br will be acidic, basic or
neutral.
Ans
Predict whether a 0.10 M solution of NH4Br will be acidic, basic or
neutral.
• NH + is conjugate acid of weak base ammonia
4
o It’s a weak acid
o Will tend to make solution acidic
• Br − is conjugate base of strong acid HBr
o Extremely weak base
o Will not affect the pH

Conclusion: Solution acidic

o pH <7.00
Q24
What is the pH of a solution of 0.125 M methylammonium chloride,
(CH3NH3Cl)? The base ionization constant for methylamine,
( CH3 NH 2 ) is 4.4 10−4 . The reaction is:
CH3 NH3 + H2 O ⇌ CH3 NH2 + H3 O+

A. 5.77
B. 2.13
C. 9.747
D. 4.87
E. 11.87
Ans
What is the pH of a solution of 0.125 M methylammonium chloride,
(CH3NH3Cl)? The base ionization constant for methylamine,
( CH3 NH 2 ) is 4.4 10−4 . The reaction is:
CH3 NH3 + H2 O ⇌ CH3 NH2 + H3 O+

A. Answer: 5.77
B. 2.13
C. 9.747
D. 4.87
E. 11.87
Ans

1.0  10 −14
CH3 NH 2   H3O+  x2
Ka = −4
= =
4.4  10 CH 3 NH 3+  0.125 − x
Assume x is small
2
x
2.27 10−11 = x 2 = 2.84 10−12
0.125 − x
x = 1.68 10−6 pH = − log (1.68 10−6 ) = 5.77
Q25
Determine the pH of a buffer solution containing 0.250 M
benzoic acid and 0.600 M sodium benzoate. Ka for benzoic
acid is 6.3 10−5

A. 10.18
B. 6.60
C. 3.82
D. 4.58
Ans
Determine the pH of a buffer solution containing 0.250 M
benzoic acid and 0.600 M sodium benzoate. Ka for benzoic
acid is 6.3 10−5

A. 10.18
B. 6.60
C. 3.82
D. Answer: 4.58
Ans
pK a = − log(6.3  10−5 ) = 4.20
C6 H 5COO −   H 3O + 
pH = pK a + log
C6 H5COOH 
0.600 M
=4.20 + log = 4.58
0.250 M
Q26
Blood plasma has a pH of 7.40. If we assume that the buffer
system is HCO3−/H2CO3 what ratios of base and acid must it
have. 𝐾𝑎 = 4.2 × 10−7
A. 1.02
B. 10.05
C. 6.38
D. Not enough information
Ans
Blood plasma has a pH of 7.40. If we assume that the buffer
system is HCO3−/H2CO3 what ratios of base and acid must it
have. 𝐾𝑎 = 4.2 × 10−7
A. 1.02
B. Answer: 10.05
C. 6.38
D. Not enough information
Ans
K a = 4.2  10−7
pK a = − log(4.2 10−7 ) = 6.38
 HCO3− 
pH = 6.38 + log
 H 2 CO3 
 HCO3− 
7.40=6.38 + log
 H 2 CO3 
 HCO3−   HCO3− 
log = 1.02 = 101.02 = 1.05 101
 H 2 CO3   H 2 CO3 
Q27
What is the molar concentration of carbonate ion in a 0.10 M
solution of carbonic acid?
K a1 = 4.3  10 –7 ; K a 2 = 5.6  10 –11
A. 2.07  10 –4
B. 5.6  10 –11
C. 3.38  10 –8
D. 4.3  10 –7
Ans
What is the molar concentration of carbonate ion in a 0.10 M
solution of carbonic acid?
K a1 = 4.3  10 –7 ; K a 2 = 5.6  10 –11
A. 2.07  10 –4
B. Answer: 5.6  10 –11
C. 3.38  10 –8
D. 4.3  10 –7
Ans
• H2 CO3 + H2 O ⇌ HCO3 – + H3 O+ 𝐾a1

• HCO3 − + H2 O ⇌ CO3 2− + H3 O+ 𝐾a2

 HCO −   H O + 
= = 4.3×10−7
3  3 
K a1
 H 2CO3 
 
x2
4.3×10−7 = assume x is small
0.10 M − x
x =  HCO3−  =  H3O +  = 2.07 ×10−4
 
CO −   H O + 
K a2 = 
3  3 
− = 5.6×10−11
 HCO 
 3
CO 2−  2.07 ×10−4 + x
5.6×10−11 = 
3 
2.07 ×10−4 − x
CO 2−  = 5.6×10−11 x was assumed to be small
 3 