Course Name –Livestock and poultry

management
Lecture 3
REPRODUCTION IN FARM ANIMALS AND POULTRY
 Mechanisms of Reproduction
Gynaecology- Study of female reproductive system
Andrology- Study of male reproductive system
Male Reproductive System
a) Primary sex organs(gonads)- Testes (two)
b) Secondary sex organs- Ducts , Vas
eferens,epididymis, vas-deferens, Penis
c) Accessory sex glands- Seminal Vesicles, Prostate,
Cowper’s glands.
d) Copulation organ-Penis
Note: The male reproductive system develops from
the Wolffian duct or Mesonephric duct.
• The female reproductive system develops from the
Mullerian duct or Paramesonephric duct
• Functions of normal animal testes in mature
animals are as under:
1)They produce viable, potentially fertile
spermatozoa.
2) They produce androgen
Male reproductive tract consists of
The Primary Sex organs+ The secondary sex organs+
Accessory sex organs
 Testes
• Varies with the age and size of the animal
• The testes are suspended vertically in Scrotum
• They are ovoid in shape . About 10-16cm in length
and 5-8cm in width varying with the age and size of
the animal.
• Note: Semen= Sperms + Seminal plasma
• Seminal plasma is the composite secretion of
testicles, epididymis and accessory sex glands.
• 2) Epididymis
A tube arising at the dorsal part of the testes from the
Efferent duct
• Considered in three parts viz.
a) The Caput (Head)
b) The Corpus (Body)
c) The Cauda( Tail)
The caput part has flagella (because of the presence
of peudosratified columnar epithelium).The
flagella whip in the direction of efferent flow.
Epididymis has four major functions viz.
a) Transport
b) Concentration
c) Maturation
d) Storage
• Vas deferens-The tail of epididymis leads into the
Vas deferens which is a slender tube a thick cord
like wall.
Vas deferens is paired and empties into the urethra. It
is supplied by nerves and by involuntary
contractions of the musculature , the vas deferens
is involved in ejaculation.
Urethra- It is the common passage way of the
products of the testes, accessory glands and the
excretion of urine.
It extends through the pelvic area and the penis end
at the tip of the glans penis as the external urethral
orifice
• The Accessory Organs-Provide the bulk of seminal
plasma
• 1) The Seminal vesicles
• 2)The Prostate gland
• 3) The Bulbourethral / Cowper’s glands
Rich in
1) Seminal Vesicles- The secretion contains high
level(upto 1%) fructose and citric acid.
2) The Prostate gland- Prostate secretion is the
source of the male antagglutin and is believed to
be high in mineral content
3) The Bulbourethral/Cowper’s glands- Secretion is
viscid and mucus like.
Note: Seminal vesicles: The two seminal vesicles are
located on either side of the ampulla.
• Seminal plasma is rich in carbohydrates ,salts of
citric acid , proteins, amino acids, enzymes , water
soluble vitamins and being relatively high in buffer
capacity.
• The prostate: It is a gland consisting of two joined
parts, surrounded by urethral muscles. It an alkaline
fluid.
• The bulbourethral / Cowper’s glands : Located
above the urethra and are partially in the
bulbocavernosus muscle. They are paired, round,
compact bodies of the size of wallnut in the bull.
The Penis
Male organ of copulation
Composed essentially of erectile tissue
When stimulated becomes filled with blood under
high pressure which causes the penis to enlarge and
become rigid . When not in use it forms an S shaped
or sigmoid flexure behind the scrotal sac which is
straightened out during erection.
Male reproductive organ of bull
Thank you

Dr Salena Janjua
School of Agriculture
Shoolini University
Village Bajhol, Solan (H.P)

salenajanjua@shooliniuniversity.com
+916005000563