Human Anatomy and Physiology Questions for Midterm

Module 4

1. How long does the skin measure?

2. What is the body’s largest organ?
3. What is the integumentary system made of?
4. Skin is classified as the ____ membrane.
5. What are the two primary layers?
6. What is the hypodermis?
7. What does thin and thick skin mean?
8. What are the four cell types?
9. What are keratinocytes?
10. What are melanocytes?
11. What are epiderma dentritic cells?
12. What are tactile epithelial cells?
13. Is the epidermis vascular or avascular? Give an example as to why.
14. What are the five layers of the epidermis?
15. What is the stratum basale made of?
16. How many layers of cells does the stratum spinosum have> what does it also contain?
What are the cells rich in?
17. How many layers of cells does the stratum granulosum have> what are the cells filled
with?
18. what are the cells of the stratum lucidum filled with?
19. what is eleidin?
20. What kind of cells are found in the stratum corneum? What are they filled with?
21. Which layer of the cell continually reproduces which new cells move toward the outer
surface?
22. 10% to 12% of all cells are in the stratum ____enter mitosis daily.
23. What is the time required for epidermal cells to form in the stratum basale and migrate
to the skin surface?
24. What are the three hormones that support normal growth and repair of the epidermis?
25. What is the dermoepidermal junction? What does it do? The junction serves as a?
26. What is the dermis? Sometimes called as what? Is it thicker or thinner than the
epidermis?
27. Gives ___ to the skin.
28. Serces as a what for water and electrolytes?
29. What two layers is the dermis composed of?
30. What does the dermis have throughout? And what are they for?
31. Dermis also contains an extensive network of what? For what?
32. What os the arrector pili?
33. How many somatic sensory receptor are located in the dermis of all skin types? What do
they do?
34. What are tactile corpuscles?
35. What is the lamellar corpuscle?
36. Does the dermis continually shed and regenerate itself like the epidermis?
37. What happens during wound healing?
38. What are cleavage lines?
39. What happens when the dense mass formed by fibroblasts during wound healing is not
replaced by normal tissue?
40. What is the hypodermis also called?
41. Where is it located? What does it do?
42. Is it part of the skin?
43. What is the hypodermis mostly made od?
44. What are the bands of fibers running through the hypodermis? What do they do?
45. What are the basic determinants of melanin? What are the two types of melanin? Does
everyone have the same amount of melanocytes? What causes different skin colors?
46. How is melanin formed?
47. What are melanocytes?
48. What are melanosomes?
49. How do genes affect skin color?
50. What else can contribute to skin color?
51. What is lipofuscin?
52. Describe how hemoglobin also has to do with skin color?
53. What are other reasons for different pigments?
54. Describe the process of bruising
55. What are the four functions of the skin of protection?
56. What is the surface film of the skin?
57. What are its five functions?
58. The skin’s ability to act as a __________ begins with the surface film.
59. What are the five functions of the skin?
60. Exposure of skin to UV light converts what to what?
61. Where does blood transport the precursor to? What is produced there?
62. The process and end result fulfill the steps required for vitamin D to be classified as a
______.
63. What are the four different types of heat loss?
64. What is evaporation?
65. What is radiation?
66. What is conduction?
67. What is convection?
68. Describe the homeostatic regulation of heat loss in order.
69. Where is hair found?
70. What is lanugo?
71. What is terminal hair?
72. Where are hair and hair follicles developed?
73. What is the papilla?
74. What is the root?
75. What is the shaft?
76. What is the medulla and the cortex?
77. What causes different hair colors?
78. Describe growth of hair.
79. What are sebaceous glands?
80. What is alopecia?
81. What do nails consist of?
82. What is the nail body?
83. What is the root of the nail?
84. What is the lunula?
85. Describe the growth of nails.
86. What are the two normal variations in nail structure?
87. What are the two abnormal variations in nail structure?
88. What are eccrine glands?
89. What are apocrine glands?
90. What are sebaceous glands?
91. What are ceruminous glands?
92. Describe the life cycle of the skin.
93. ___ is the major component of the body’s structural framework.
94. The skin is a ____ that separates the internal environment from the external
environment.
95. What are the two primary functions of skin?
96. Protection against mechanical injuries is provided by____, ____, and the _____ itself.
97. The ___ and ____ work together to form a tough, waterproof envelope that protects us
from drying out and from the dangers of chemical or microbial contamination.