Fil 2
tackling child poverty, child labor,
Sustainable Family Life and Child Welfare:
A Conceptual Framework
 This article aims to provide a
framework for supporting
sustainable provisions for family and
child welfare
 Also, it demonstrates the need for a
socially sustainable stance on family
and child welfare arises from the
recognition of global changes that
constantly influence families as
well as children’s rights, which
ground child-and family-centered
actions
 The analysis showed that functional
child welfare and family policies,
systems, and practices appear
essential elements, even necessary
preconditions, of sustainability and
sustainable development in general
 In conclusion, the idea of child
welfare promises citizens that society
has committed to promoting all
children’s wellbeing
 Children's Rights as a Starting
Point for Family and Child
Welfare.
 Focuses on the Convention on the
Rights of the Child
 Focuses on the principles of
protection, provision, and
participation to build a more general
framework for child and family
welfare
2.1 The Conventions of Rights of the Chi
 The UN CRC provides a foundation
for international cooperation in the
field of child policies and child
welfare, aiming to improve
children’s living conditions by
and corresponding circumstances as
well as promoting opportunities for
sufficient care, adequate education,
and health
 It also highlights that “Every child
has rights, whatever their ethnicity,
gender, religion, language, abilities,
or any other status”
 The Convention on the Rights of the
Child balances the rights of children
to the level of their families and the
state and emphasizes the role and
support of families and, on the other
hand, the circumstances when the
state has to intervene in family life if
there are concerns about protection.
Therefore, there is a dependence
between the child, family, and state,
but there are differences in how child
protection is regulated in different
child welfare systems and policies.
Principles of Protection, Provision and
Participation in Children's Rights
 The Convention on the Rights of
the Child gives values and
principles for thinking
sustainable life for children and
families
 Protection
 Provision
 Participation
Philosophy of Sustainability and the Rights
of the Child
The global 2030 Agenda for Sustainable
Development for social, economic, and
environmental dimensions includes 17 goals
with 169 concrete targets and 232 indicators,
35 of which are targeted at children
The philosophy of social sustainability deals
with equality and rights, and for children,
the Convention on the Rights of the Child
has established the goals with other
international agreements and international
and national policy procedures.
It also emphasizes justice as a central part of
social sustainability and focuses on three
dimensions: redistributive, recognition, and
participation.
Redistribution (distributive justice, which
guarantees adequate standards of living and
the right to clean water and related
resources)
Recognition (rights for vulnerable groups
and the possibility to have an equal status in
society, as well as having a voice and the
possibility to influence society, thereby
opposing discrimination)
They also address the importance of
participation, which is related to the
involvement and distribution of resources.
Intergenerational and intra generational
justices mean the fair share of resources
among people at present
3. Dimensions and Levels of Sustainable
Family and Child Welfare
 Firstly, this describes the levels of
actors that exist in the provision of
sustainable family and child welfare.
 Secondly, this examines these levels
from three overarching dimensions,
i.e., values and practices,
interdependence, and resiliency
3.1 Levels of Sustainable Family and
Child Welfare
 Levels of actors in this paper include
child, family, society, and global.
The ecological model has been used
in sustainability research as a child-
centered approach to investigate the
sustainable development goals
 Children are in the core of
developing and implementing family
and child welfare
 The purpose is to put children´s
rights into practice and support
children´s growth and development.
 The closest people of the child are
his/her family members, referring
mostly to parents, but also including
siblings, grandparents, and other
people that closely interact with the
child.
 Societies, in turn, support families in
upbringing their children by laws and
regulations as well as providing
direct or indirect support for
families.
 We recognize that these four levels
(i.e., child, family, society, and
global) interact, co-exist, and
influence reciprocally in all
directions. This refers to ecocultural
theory [34], which emphasizes the
Sustainability 2020influence of the
environment on children´s and
families lives. In practice, we can
influence the growth and
development of the child by
cultivating the environment. Through
ecocultural theory, we can also
recognize the importance of culture,
including beliefs, values, and
practices that are crucial in
organizing and implementing family
and child welfare
3.2 Dimensions of Sustainable Family and
Child Welfare
This chapter investigates sustainable family
and child welfare from three viewpoints:
  Firstly, socially sustainable family
and child welfare practices are based
on values that individuals and
societies reflect in their actions. (In a
family level families´ individuality,
e.g., culture, religion, and habits, are
valued by rights and regulations).
 Secondly, interdependence within
the various stakeholders and
phenomena is omnipresent, and these
levels mostly do not exist without a
connection to others (These
connections are described from three
viewpoints, including the global
trends, the connection between the
children´s rights and implementation
of family and child welfare services,
and the intersection between social,
economic, and environmental
sustainability in family and child
welfare)
 Thirdly, the aspect of resilience
(highlighted in understanding how
values, practices, and the
interdependency of stakeholders
influence and balance continually
changing circumstances in a socially
sustainable way)
3.2.1 Values and Practices in Sustainable
Family and Child Welfare
1. Describing cultural perspectives on values
and practices
2. National child´s welfare in an
international context
3. We end the chapter by reflecting on the
values and practices of the modern family
and child welfare
3.2.2 Interdependence in Sustainable Family
and Child Welfare
As presented earlier, sustainable family and
child welfare is a multifaceted, multi-layered
phenomenon that interacts with and is
dependent on various factors on a children’s,
families’, societies’, and global level.
Concentrates on three overarching topics:
 How global trends influence
societies and individuals
 How children´s rights influence
provision of family and child welfare
and
 How economic and environmental
aspects influence family and child
welfare.
3.2.3 Resiliency in Sustainable Family and
Child Welfare
 In this chapter, introduces resiliency
as a concept applied to families and
communities
 It emphasizes both family resiliency
and community resiliency as
essential characters for a socially
sustainable society
 This concludes that family resiliency
and community resiliency enhance
the secure, growing environment for
a child
3.3 Cultural Perspectives on Values and
Practices
 From the point of view of the
concept of childhood, it has been
stated that the concepts of children’s
rights and children’s wellbeing,
despite having different trajectories,
share common ground and that the
concept of children’s participation
provides a basis for the development
of a paradigm to shift “from children
 and emerging citizens to children as
experts in the field of childhood”
 In practice, this shift is reflected by
noticing children as active
participants who can point out their
actual views
 These help to constitute the
ideological basis for valuing the
voices of children with respect to age
and development and considering
them in decision-making processes
concerning children
3.4 National Child’s Welfare and
Child Policy in an International
Context
 Child welfare policies consist of
policy measures to promote
children’s wellbeing with respect to
contextual, relational, and
conditional social questions of
childhood, policies, and legislation
 There is a wealth of comparative
social policy research over several
decades that sheds light on the
country-specific features and
developments of family policy and
also helps to understand country-
specific child welfare practices in the
light of family policy systems with
respect to nation-specific economic,
social, cultural, and political factors
 Traditionally child welfare is to
3.6. Influence of Global Trends to
consist of three main aspects:
Societies and Individuals
education, health care, and judicial
protection. These aspects are still
focal fields of child welfare policies
and services, although child welfare
policies and systems vary
significantly from country to country
 Also, international declarations and
conventions oblige the countries to
support the human rights of the
people with disabilities
3.5 Values and Practices of Modern
Child and Family Welfare
 Several modern societies value
family- and child-centered
services
 Therefore, this means that several
professionals and institutions are
involved in the mission of child
welfare with respect to the rights
of the child, and services—such
as schools—are provided close to
a family and in their daily
environments.
 The key point, in any case, is to
protect the child against
detrimental conditions at home
threatening her health and
development, such as
maltreatment and neglect.
Principally, the fundamental
qualification of taking the child
into care is the principle of the
best interest of the child. This
principle is an essential guide of
modern child welfare thoroughly
 Universal conceptions of the
rights of the child might be hard
to reconcile with the uniquity of
family.
 The influence of megatrends to
various societies and individuals
affects daily lives from housing,
working, and living conditions don't
really cross paths with family and
child-friendly related.
 The employment market has evolved
indifferent ways there are more
 available high-level expertise jobs
that will require high-level
education. It may be hard to balance
the pressures of work-life and family
responsibilities at the same time.
Personal factors that contribute to
inadequate parenting and the need
for support may include a lack of
relevant knowledge, emotional
exhaustion, and a disinclination to
fulfill parental duties.
3.7. Influence of Children's Rights on the
Provision of Family and Child Welfare
 Modern child welfare is a developed
multidisciplinary and legal
establishment, manifesting itself in
both the national and international
context.
 The provisions and policies
regarding the family and child
welfare is based on the rights of
children for them to ensure safety
and to promote the rights of children;
for them to have proper education
and for these children to have growth
in all aspects of development.
 physical abuse
 emotional abuse
 neglection
3.8. Economic and Environmental
Aspects of Family and Child Welfare
FAMILY POLICIES
 Provide welfare for families with
children
 Reduction of child poverty
 Promotion of birth rate
 Reduction of income differences
 Create social stability and
sustainability by providing families
with economic conditions
 Financial and mental support for
families with children
 Fundamental element in any
developed welfare system
(income transfers, social benefits, and
family-oriented services)
FAMILY POLICIES DEVELOPMENT
 ”National income transfer” and
“welfare service systems”
 Public childcare expansion has been
“the most remarkable family policy
development”
 “The most recent and most rapidly
expanding component of the family
policy package,” which has sought to
mitigate the social risks of modern
society while promoting economic
policy efforts by enabling women to
participate in working life.
3.9. The Concept of Family Resiliency and
Sustainability
WHAT IS THE UNCRC?
The United Nations Convention on the
Rights of the Child (UNCRC) is a legally
binding international agreement setting out
the civil, political, economic, social, and
cultural rights of every child, regardless of
their race, religion, or abilities.
 Children’s rights are globally
addressed by the Convention on the
Rights of the Child, ratified by
almost all countries.
 Family is a kind of shelter for a child
to grow, and the role of parents is to
support the child according to her/his
age and development.
 Sustainability in family life may
mean a family’s capacity to cope
with everyday hassles and find the
 routines that support continuity in
family life. These routines can be
concrete schedules for everyday
meals or going to bed in the evening.
Routines sustain continuity and
security in family life.
3.10. Community and Family Resiliency
 Family and family members are
linked with the community and
society in many ways of participating
in working life and school and free
time recreation. The relationships
with relatives and friends may
provide social support during the
crises or in everyday life by
providing warmth, care, and help.
 The relationships between children,
families, and the community are
established and sustained in
institutions. Additionally,
participatory democracy can create
channels for people to participate and
influence society and local decision-
making. A resilient society with are
silent community allows people to
participate in the development of the
community and be active agents as
community members.
 Equal access to education is an
essential part of social sustainability,
and school may provide children
with a channel to practice
engagement in society and create a
basis for lifelong social capital.
4.1. Socio-Ethical Perspectives on Family
and Child Welfare
 It is the responsibility of parents to
ensure that their child receives
proper care and upbringing. In case
of non-fulfillment, public authorities
may intervene.
 Child welfare systems receive and
investigate reports of possible child
maltreatment and provide services to
families that need assistance in the
safety and care of their children.
They are also responsible for
adoption arrangements.
 Child protection agencies in the
Philippines: the Department of
Social Welfare and Development
(DSWD), the Council for the
Welfare of Children (CWC), and the
Committee for the Special Protection
of Children (CSPC).
4.2. A Conceptual Framework for
Socially Sustainable Family and Child
Welfare
Conclusion
 Child welfare is extremely essential
in sustainable social development. It
is apparent thatfamilies are the first
people who will play a crucial role in
the sustainable development of
achild by building and nurturing his
mental foundation. In addition, as
what the idea of childwelfare
promises, the role of society is also
seemingly important; to promote
 children'swellbeing and to protect
children at risk or in special need.
What is a narrative?
- Anything that tells or presents a story
- Text, picture, performance or
combination can be a narrative
- Ex: Novels, plays, film, comic strips
Story- Sequence of events involving
characters
Events- Both natural and non-natural
Characters: Agent, patient, beneficiaries
Basic requirements of narrative
- A form communication which
present a sequence of events caused
and experienced by characters
- Characters
- Events
- Structured Chronologically:
Causality (one thing leads to another)
- Communication
Metalepsis
Transgression of levels: Level of action,
fictional mediation and non fictional
comunication.
Sealed Domains: Indicates crucial tresholds
of control and awareness
Higher levels: Dominates and frames lower
level agents
Lower Level Agents- unaware of the
existence of higher agents.
Narrative: is a form of commication which
presents a sequence of events caused and
experienced by characters
Three narrative levels exist:
- Level of nonfictional communication
- Level of fictional mediation
- Level of action
Conditions at the outset
 The Conditions at the outset of a
narrative usually depicts some form
of equilibrium or continuing
condition
 The situation is disturbed by:
- An act of character
- An events outside the control of any
character.
- Recognition of a “lack” by a
character (usually main character)
 The disturbance set up some
form of conflict that drives the
story forward.
Rising Actions
- Often includes individual, subplots/
conflicts
Climax
- Some major confrontation, conflict
or turning point.
Falling Action
- The intensity of the conflict often
falls off fairly quickly after the
climax but rarely is the climax the
very end of the narrative.
- There are sometimes continuing
conflicts of one sort or another.
Resolution/ denouement
 Any remaining questions are
answered
 The situation has changed and new
equilibrium is in place
Picturing Forgotten Filipinx: Family
Photographs and Resisting U.S. Colonial
Amnesias
Background and Researcher's stances:
A DANCE OF TWO GENERATIONS
OF SCHOLARS
 We later realized that our feelings of
loss, detachment, and longing for our
own culture and community are
shared feelings that many Filipinx
living in the U.S. experience. We
also became aware that our own
individual feelings were heavily tied
to the collective, and that they are as
personal as they are political.
Filipino culture has been
characterized by Filipinx scholars as
a culture “lost to history”
 Affective power family photographs
hold in building cultural memory,
tracing transnational histories of
migration within diasporas, bridging
generational gaps family members,
and reinscribing hegemonic U.S.
narratives of Asian immigrants.
Purpose of the Study and the Research
Question
This study explores the ways in which
family photographs can challenge and resist
U.S. imperial narratives
Given that many of the experiences of the
Filipinx diaspora in relation to the American
Empire have been systematically forgotten
and erased, how can family photographs of
the Filipinx diaspora challenge and
reinscribe hegemonic U.S. colonial and
imperial narratives of Filipinx folks in
America?
 Building cultural memory through
family photography
 Family photographs, as technologies of
memory are significant in building and
contributing to cultural memory and
meaning making
 U.S. colonialism in the Philippines
and the systematic forgetting
 Due to the systematic amnesias of the
United States and the erasure of the
Philippine–American War, Filipino
scholars have struggled with an
invisible archive of their communities
and experiences.
 Participants
Location: Portland, Oregon
Sampling Method: Convenience and
snowball sampling method
Number of Participants: 10
participants, 24 family photographs
 Procedure
Combination of semi-structured oral
history interviews and photography
 analyses as a form of visual
storytelling.
 Results
 Resistance of systematic
forgetting, reclaiming, and
raising awareness
 Survival and overcoming
through the bayanihan spirit
(community care)
Lance SAID:
“This photo was taken in the Philippines, in
the home I grew up in. I was about 5–6 years
old, so this was taken around 2002 maybe. I
chose this photo because it’s one of the few
pictures I keep with both my grandma and
aunt in one picture with my sister and I. This
photo is significant because they were both
our ‘second moms’. My mother worked
overseas in Hawai’i, while my dad took care
of my sister and I. For about 6years, my
mother was absent until we moved to
Hawai’i.
Elizabeth SAID:
“My mom went to London when I was
10years. From the Philippines, she went to
work in London as a contract worker, a
housekeeper, in 1977. She stayed there for
almost 20 years. So I grew up with my
grandma.”
Both participants’ recollection of their
photos speaks to the ways in which family
photographs, although capturing a snapshot
of a singular moment, are attached to much
larger social and economic factors that shape
the ways in which individual Filipinx
formed
Survival and overcoming through the
bayanihan spirit (community care)
Sarah said:
“We all planned a reunion in San Francisco.
All of those who were able to come abroad–
because it’s outside of the Philippines– came
from London, from Canada, from all parts of
the world to this San Francisco reunion. And
we cousins were able to come together! I’m
still waiting for my second, the last one, the
last sister that we left in the Philippines, to
come over. Cause having her there in the
Philippines is kind of depressing for us,
especially now that we’re all here. So we’re
able to get her to come travel to the U.S.
every now and then just so she doesn’t feel
left out, you know.”
 The bayanihan spirit is very
important in the Filipino community.
Family photographs, in their quiet
physicality, hold immense power in
bridging and preserving family
relationships across geographic space
and time. The stories that are elicited
from these photos also capture the
ways in which Filipino communities
continue to find joy, belonging,
strength in upholding language and
culture, and community.
RESEARCHER:
I wanted to create a sense of respect for
the participants who were older than me.
The common saying in Filipino culture,
as well as other Asian cultures, is:
“honor your elders”. The value of
honoring my elders has been deeply
ingrained in me by my own Filipina
mother and grandmother.
DATA AND IMPLICATION
In gathering and analyzing these photos,
participants utilize their family
photographs to reclaim their affective
power of bridging generational and
spatial divides within their families. In
capturing the everyday-ness of Filipinx
people—across family members—
participants, with their family photos as
tools, actively provide evidence of
rejecting American colonial forgetting
that attempts to erase and forget the lives
of Filipinos, Filipino experiences, and
the relationship between the Philippines
and the U.S.
CONCLUSION
Located in the epicenter of multiple
pandemics (e.g., COVID-19, racial
inequities and police brutalities, and
climate change), this study yields hope
and a sense of empowerment for our
growing diverse communities. To return
thegaze of survivance and strength
brings deephealing to our Filipinx
communities