International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (ICECOS) 2019

Millimeter-Wave Bandpass Filter By Open Loop

Elliptical Ring Resonators
Hussam Keriee Zulkurnain Abdul-Malek Nawres Abbas Nayyef M
Institute of High Voltage and High Institute of High Voltage and High Faculty of Electronics and Computer
Current Current Engineering Universiti Teknikal Melaka,
Schools of Electrical Engineering, Schools of Electrical Engineering, Melaka, Malaysia
UTM, UTM nawrasabbas1@gmail.com
Johor, Malaysia Johor, Malaysia
sam22.utm@gmail.com zulkurnain@utm.my

Muhammad Irfan Jambak Z. Nawawi Mona Riza Mohd Esa

Department of Electrical Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering Institute of High Voltage and High
Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering Current
Universitas Sriwijaya Universitas Sriwijaya Schools of Electrical Engineering, UTM,
Sumatera Selatan, Indonesia Sumatera Selatan, Indonesia Johor, Malaysia
irfjambak@unsri.ac.id nawawi_z@yahoo.com monariza@utm.my

Muhammad Abu Bakar Sidik

Department of Electrical Engineering
Faculty of Engineering
Universitas Sriwijaya
Sumatera Selatan, Indonesia
abubakar@unsri.ac.id
Abstract— This paper presents a bandpass filter using two researchers have utilized microstrip ring resonators for
elliptical open loop ring resonators(EOLRR) at the resonant different communication systems[3-5].
frequency of 28 GHz. It is well suited for the next generation 5G
application. Coupled resonators were developed with the Miniature and high frequency response are general
expectation of pairing parasitic resonance of various degenerate properties of the filters. However, there are many bulky
modes operating close to the fundamental mode in the suggested bandpass filters developed using microstrip configurations.
structure of filter. The frequency response of the design is The parallel-coupled lines, be utilized broadly used in the
approximated using CST software. The frequency response of implementation of filters for microwave circuits for
the filter characterizes with low insertion loss and good rejection implement filters. However, it, is an inhomogeneous
performance. The fabrication of the EOLRRs is also easy as transmission lines [6]. Earlier, different distributed and
there is no use of via or defected ground structure. The proposed lumped designs were engaged to resolve this issue. Similarly,
structure offers a simple and compact design while exhibiting the bandpass filters by means of multi-armed open loop
wide stop-band characteristics Additionally, the geometrical resonators provide a decent frequency response simply in the
parameters of the proposed filter design can simply tune the higher stopband [7]. The bandpass filter constructed through
bands to the chosen level. The proposed EOLRRs demonstrate the wiggly-line couplers using sinusoidal perturbation of the
worthy broadband characteristics. coupler’s sizes was utilized [8]. The combination of electrical
components also has been adopted to develop the symmetrical
Keywords— millimeter-wave, bandpass filter, 5G
applications, resonant frequency 28 GHz, open loop ring
passband and counterfeit response of the microstrip [9].
resonator In this article, two elliptical open loop ring resonators has
suggested to develop the aforementioned deficiencies of the
I. INTRODUCTION response in microstrip bandpass filter. In this design, a cross-
In radio frequency spectrum, millimeter waves reside in coupling capacitance is introduced in the middle of the input
the tremendously high frequency band covering 30 GHz to side and output side of the filter. Thus it recommends a slow-
300 GHz with equivalent wavelength ranging from 10 mm to wave resonator for improving the selectivity and stopband
1 mm and consequently named millimeter waves. Recently, rejection. This resonator elevated the directivity and blocked
5G is a most emerging technology and requires a provision of the harmonics frequencies. The proposed design was
more data rate. Thus, it is recommended to use millimeter simulated using an industry-standard simulation package
waves (24 GHz to 86 GHz) for 5G [1]. Millimeter waves named CST Microwave Studio.
also facilitate for replacing conventional fiber optic
transmission lines. Similarly, microstrip ring resonator has II. DOUBLE-EXPONENTIAL PULSE GENERATOR
been widely utilized in the designing of filters and antennas Fig. 1 demonstrates the geometrical layout of the
due to their advantages of small size, easy construction, and proposed EOLRRs.
fine passband bandwidth [2]. In recent times, different

90

Authorized licensed use limited to: National Institute of Technology- Delhi. Downloaded on August 18,2021 at 10:10:50 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (ICECOS) 2019

Fig. 2 shows the final model

Fig. 1. Geometrical layout of the EOLRRs band-pass filter

This design model basically comprises of dual similar

half wavelength elliptical open loop rings resides quite near to Fig. 2. Final design model
one another for achieving sufficient electric and magnetic
fields coupling among them. L1 and L2 are the lengths of the III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
of microstrip lines and open loop ring resonators are inserted Fig. 3 shows the normalized simulated and measured S-
between these L1 and L2. These ring resonators have open parameters of the proposed 28-GHz elliptical. It shows the
circuit termination. These elliptical ring resonators are return loss -34.186 at 27.984 GHz operating frequency.
developed for coupling the energy between microstrip lines
at the 28 GHz of resonance frequency.
In this design, S1 is the gap among the elliptical rings
and the microstrip lines. The distance between these open
loop rings resonators is G1. Each elliptical ring has internal
and external two radii. with a1 and a2 as a major radii of the
elliptical ring. The outer minor and a major radius of b1 and
b2, respectively. Table I shows the optimal design
parameters of the elliptical ring resonators. The optimal
design parameters of the proposed filter are calculated and
presented in the following Table I.

TABLE I. PARAMETERS OF THE ELLIPTICAL-OPEN LOOP RING

RESONATORS

Parameter Optimal Value

a1 0.408
a2 0.639
b1 0.536
b2 0.779
W 0.138
S 0.078
G 0.272
Fig. 3. Normalized simulated S-parameters of the proposed filter
The proposed filter was developed on the substrate
named Rogers Duroid RT5880 with the specifications as The millimeter wave filter development through the
shown in the table II. The width of the microstrip normal accessible technical services is difficult to accomplish.
transmission lines at the top and bottom layers WN is The authors have observed that these developed prototype
selected to attain a resistance of 50-Ω and measured with the circuits can develop some unexpected swings in the final
help of the regular microstrip design equations. results. We have also experienced few problems in analysis of
TABLE II. PARAMETERS OF THE SUBSTRATE AND MICROSTRIP LINES these miniaturized developed prototypes. This unexpected
shift may be due to inadequate milling process of the copper
Parameter Optimal value layer that is completed through the laser machine. Since the
finest resolution of the machine and the band pass filter circuit
L 8 is nearly equal. Additionally, improper electrical connection
H 0.127 can be the source of the frequency swing. Hence a modern
W 5 state of-the-art technologies are essentially required for
developing and testing these porotypes.
L2 3.9
Wm 0.42
L1 7.87
Dielectric constant 2.197
Loss tangent 0.00089

91

Authorized licensed use limited to: National Institute of Technology- Delhi. Downloaded on August 18,2021 at 10:10:50 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (ICECOS) 2019

IV. CONCLUSION
This article presents the developments of a band pass
filter for the next generation 5Gapplications in the
communication systems. An elliptical-shaped open-loop
ring resonators bandpass filter has been designed and
simulated. It uses the concept of coupling among the
elliptical-shaped ring resonators and Microstrip lines.
Simulated outcomes have revealed that the newly designed
filter performed smoothly as it has a decent isolation loss
and return loss with adequate insertion losses at a resonant
frequency of 28 GHz.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Authors wish to acknowledge Malaysian Ministry of
Education (4F828), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (18H10
& 01M44) and Universitas Sriwijaya (4B345 & 4B379) for
the financial support.

REFERENCES
[1] Y. Niu, Y. Li, D. Jin, L. Su, and A. V. Vasilakos, "A survey of
millimeter wave communications (mmWave) for 5G: opportunities
and challenges," Wireless Networks, vol. 21, pp. 2657-2676, 2015.
[2] M.-Y. Hsieh and S.-M. Wang, "Compact and wideband microstrip
bandstop filter," IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters,
vol. 15, pp. 472-474, 2005.
[3] J. Bonache, I. Gil, J. Garcia-Garcia, and F. Martin, "Novel microstrip
bandpass filters based on complementary split-ring resonators,"
IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 54,
pp. 265-271, 2006.
[4] S. Sun and L. Zhu, "Wideband microstrip ring resonator bandpass
filters under multiple resonances," IEEE Transactions on microwave
theory and techniques, vol. 55, pp. 2176-2182, 2007.
[5] F. Falcone, T. Lopetegi, J. D. Baena, R. Marqués, F. Martín, and M.
Sorolla, "Effective negative-/spl epsiv/stopband microstrip lines
based on complementary split ring resonators," IEEE Microwave and
Wireless Components Letters, vol. 14, pp. 280-282, 2004.
[6] D. Cui, Y. a. Liu, Y. Wu, S. Li, and C. Yu, "A compact bandstop filter
based on two meandered parallel- coupled lines," Progress In
Electromagnetics Research, vol. 121, pp. 271-279, 2011.
[7] A. Boutejdar, "Design of a new compact dual mode multiband
bandpass filter using multi armed ring open loopresonators without
coupling gaps," Microwave and Optical Technology Letters,
vol. 52, pp. 2668-2672, 2010.
[8] L. Matekovits, G. C. V. Colome, and M. Orefice, "Controlling the
bandlimits of TE-surface wave propagation along a modulated
microstrip-line-based high impedance surface," IEEE Transactions
on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 56, pp. 2555-2562, 2008.
[9] Z. Li and K.-L. Wu, "Direct synthesis and design of wideband
bandpass filter with composite series and shunt resonators," IEEE
Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 65, pp.
3789-3800, 2017.

92

Authorized licensed use limited to: National Institute of Technology- Delhi. Downloaded on August 18,2021 at 10:10:50 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.