Glencoe Earth Science

Chapter 1: The Nature of Science

Standardized Test Practice

1
The test tubes in the diagram below were left at room temperature for a week to see if algae would grow.
Which of the following is the constant in the experiment?

the amount of algae present

A)

the temperature of the test tube's contents

B)

the amount of chlorine present

C)

the ratio of algae to chlorine

D)

2
Which of the following is a variable in the experiment above?

amount of chlorine used

A)

volume of water used

B)

length of time of the experiment

C)

temperature of the test tubes

D)

3
Which of the following can be measured using the instruments in Group B above?
 volume
A)

mass
B)

distance
C)

weight
D)

4
Which of the following can be measured using the instruments in Group A?
 weight
A)

mass
B)

distance
C)

volume
D)

5
Which of the following is the study of things such as rocks, weather, and objects in space?

life science
A)

physical science
B)

earth science
C)

chemical science
D)

6
Which of these is a factor to which experimental results can be compared?

constant
A)

independent variable
B)
control
 C)

dependent variable
D)

7
Which is a rule that describes the behavior of something in nature?

hypothesis
A)

observation
B)

theory
C)

law
D)

8
The process of using scientific discoveries for practical purposes is called

technology.
A)

science.
B)

a scientific law.
C)

a scientific theory.
D)

9
Dr. Fred Whipple proposed that a comet was like a dirty snowball. This is an example of

a law.
A)

a hypothesis.
B)

a theory.
C)

an observation.
D)

1
0 What type of questions cannot be solved by scientific methods?

difficult questions
A)

questions about outer space

B)

ethical questions
C)

questions about the interior of Earth

D)
Glencoe Earth Science

Chapter 1: The Nature of Science

The Nature of Science

1
Which is not used to predict weather today?
Need a Hint?

satellites
A)

mythology
B)

radar
C)

weather balloons
D)

2
To ensure that you have a valid experiment, it must be __________.
Need a Hint?

proven correct
A)

repeatable
B)

complicated
C)

scientific fact
D)

3
One of the first cultures to develop instruments to study the weather was the __________.
Need a Hint?

British
A)

Americans
B)

Mexicans
C)

Italians
D)

4
Why do scientists perform experiments?
Need a Hint?

to test the validity of a hypothesis

A)
 because they are paid to do so
B)

to prove that their hypotheses are correct

C)

so they can draw conclusions

D)

5
What can cause an experiment to be inaccurate?
Need a Hint?

changing variables
A)

drawing conclusions
B)

not enough data

C)

forming a hypothesis
D)

6
How old is technology?
Need a Hint?

millions of years old

A)

only 25 years or so
B)

about a century old

C)

thousands of years old

D)

7
How often are scientific theories proved wrong?
Need a Hint?

They are neither proved nor disproved.

A)

sometimes
B)

never
C)

always
D)

8
What is the correct approach to doing science?
Need a Hint?

rely on mythology and stories to explain the natural world

A)
 form your hypothesis after you have gathered data
B)

experiment to test a hypothesis

C)

draw conclusions early

D)

9
What is a hypothesis?
Need a Hint?

a wild guess
A)

an experiment
B)

an educated guess
C)

a conclusion
D)

1
0 Which of the following is an example of science being performed?
Need a Hint?

watching television
A)

an astronaut flying the space shuttle

B)

heating your room with a space heater

C)

discovering why salt melts ice

D)

1
1 Upon what event did the ancient Egyptians develop the first calendar?
Need a Hint?

when the Sun rose

A)

when to plant crops

B)

when the Moon changed

C)

when the snow fell

D)

1
2 The difference between a theory and a law is that ___________.
Need a Hint?

a law is scientific fact

A)
 a theory describes the natural world
B)

a law explains the natural world

C)

a theory is scientific fact

D)

1
3 What is the first step in solving a problem in a scientific way?
Need a Hint?

identifying the problem

A)

drawing conclusions
B)

developing a hypothesis
C)

performing an experiment
D)

1
4 What is the final step in experiments?
Need a Hint?

developing a hypothesis
A)

identifying the problem

B)

eliminating bias
C)

drawing conclusions
D)

1
5 You are conducting an experiment to discover which brand of mosquito repellent works best. In this
experiment, the brand of mosquito repellent is the __________.
Need a Hint?

constant
A)

control
B)

independent variable
C)

dependent variable
D)

1
6 An example of a problem that science cannot solve is __________.
Need a Hint?
disease
 A)

crime
B)

telecommunications
C)

travel
D)

1
7 Which topic is not studied in Earth science?
Need a Hint?

the solar system

A)

weather
B)

the human brain

C)

volcanoes
D)

1
8 What happens when there's bias in an experiment?
Need a Hint?

The hypothesis is proved wrong.

A)

The results are more accurate.

B)

Personal opinion gets in the way.

C)

The experiment is not repeatable.

D)

1
9 The __________ was the first instrument developed to study weather.
Need a Hint?

rain gauge
A)

thermometer
B)

hydrometer
C)

barometer
D)

2
0 Why is scientific information published in journals?
Need a Hint?
to make scientists money
A)

to show how accurate a scientist's data are

B)

so others can build upon that knowledge

C)

to show that experiments on certain subjects should no longer occur

D)
Glencoe Earth Science

Chapter 1: The Nature of Science

Section 1 Self-Check Quiz-Eng.

1
What is a hypothesis?
Need a Hint?

an experiment
A)

a conclusion
B)

a wild guess
C)

an educated guess
D)

2
What is the first step in solving a problem in a scientific way?
Need a Hint?

developing a hypothesis
A)

identifying the problem

B)

drawing conclusions
C)

performing an experiment
D)

3
What is the goal of science?
Need a Hint?

to teach the scientific method

A)

to perform experiments
B)

to better understand the natural world

C)

to provide an education in school

D)

4
Which of the following is an example of science being performed?
Need a Hint?

heating your room with a space heater

A)
 watching television
B)

an astronaut flying the space shuttle

C)

discovering why salt melts ice

D)

5
Which topic is not studied in Earth science?
Need a Hint?

the human brain

A)

weather
B)

the solar system

C)

volcanoes
D)

6
Why do scientists perform experiments?
Need a Hint?

to test the validity of a hypothesis

A)

so they can draw conclusions

B)

because they are paid to do so

C)

to prove that their hypotheses are correct

D)

7
You are conducting an experiment to discover which brand of mosquito repellent works best. In this
experiment, the brand of mosquito repellent is the __________.
Need a Hint?

dependent variable
A)

constant
B)

independent variable
C)

control
D)

8
Why do experiments use controls?
Need a Hint?
to provide a standard
 A)

to help average the data

B)

to prove the hypothesis

C)

to support any conclusions

D)

9
To ensure that you have a valid experiment, it must be __________.
Need a Hint?

proven correct
A)

complicated
B)

repeatable
C)

scientific fact
D)

1
0 What is the final step in experiments?
Need a Hint?

developing a hypothesis
A)

identifying the problem

B)

drawing conclusions
C)

eliminating bias
D)

1
1 An example of a problem that science cannot solve is __________.
Need a Hint?

telecommunications
A)

disease
B)

crime
C)

travel
D)

1
2 What is the correct approach to doing science?
Need a Hint?
experiment to test a hypothesis
 A)

draw conclusions early

B)

form your hypothesis after you have gathered data

C)

rely on mythology and stories to explain the natural world

D)

1
3 What happens when there's bias in an experiment?
Need a Hint?

Personal opinion gets in the way.

A)

The results are more accurate.

B)

The hypothesis is proved wrong.

C)

The experiment is not repeatable.

D)

1
4 What can cause an experiment to be inaccurate?
Need a Hint?

drawing conclusions
A)

forming a hypothesis
B)

not enough data

C)

changing variables
D)
Glencoe Earth Science

Chapter 1: The Nature of Science

Section 2 Self-Check Quiz-Eng.

1
Which of the following is an example of technology?
Need a Hint?

fire
A)

weather patterns
B)

acid rain
C)

microwave oven
D)

2
How old is technology?
Need a Hint?

about a century old

A)

only 25 years or so
B)

thousands of years old

C)

millions of years old

D)

3
Upon what event did the ancient Egyptians develop the first calendar?
Need a Hint?

when the Sun rose

A)

when to plant crops

B)

when the Moon changed

C)

when the snow fell

D)

4
What is meteorology?
Need a Hint?

the study of meteors

A)
 the study of weather
B)

the study of space

C)

the study of mythology

D)

5
The __________ was the first instrument developed to study weather.
Need a Hint?

barometer
A)

thermometer
B)

rain gauge
C)

hydrometer
D)

6
One of the first cultures to develop instruments to study the weather was the __________.
Need a Hint?

Americans
A)

British
B)

Mexicans
C)

Italians
D)

7
Which is not used to predict weather today?
Need a Hint?

mythology
A)

satellites
B)

weather balloons
C)

radar
D)

8
How often are scientific theories proved wrong?
Need a Hint?

never
A)
 sometimes
B)

always
C)

They are neither proved nor disproved.

D)

9
The difference between a theory and a law is that ___________.
Need a Hint?

a theory is scientific fact

A)

a theory describes the natural world

B)

a law explains the natural world

C)

a law is scientific fact

D)

1
0 A soccer ball being kicked is an example of Newton's __________ law of motion.
Need a Hint?

second
A)

third
B)

fourth
C)

first
D)

1
1 Why is scientific information published in journals?
Need a Hint?

so others can build upon that knowledge

A)

to make scientists money

B)

to show that experiments on certain subjects should no longer occur

C)

to show how accurate a scientist's data are

D)
Glencoe Earth Science

Chapter 2: Matter

Standardized Test Practice

1
Which is NOT an example of matter?
Need a Hint?

air
A)

heat
B)

phone
C)

tree
D)

2
Which best explains how electrons are arranged around an atom?
Need a Hint?

in a cloud
A)

in an orbit
B)

clockwise
C)

counterclockwise
D)

3
What is the overall charge of a neutral atom?
Need a Hint?

7
A)

1
B)

0
C)

-1
D)

4
If an atom has 6 protons and 11 neutrons, what is its mass number?
Need a Hint?

5
A)
 17
B)

6
C)

12
D)

5
What holds atoms together in compounds?
Need a Hint?

gravity
A)

strong nuclear force

B)

friction
C)

chemical bonds
D)

6
Which type of bond can form without the interactions of electrons?
Need a Hint?

covalent
A)

hydrogen
B)

ionic
C)

metallic
D)

7
Which is a homogeneous mixture?
Need a Hint?

chili
A)

granite
B)

ocean water
C)

salad
D)

8
Which is the most common state of matter in the universe?
Need a Hint?

gas
A)
 liquid
B)

plasma
C)

solid
D)

9
A glass contains liquid water. Which explains how the water particles move?
Need a Hint?

The particles move freely and independently.

A)

The particles vibrate but do not move.

B)

The electrons escape and move outside of the electron cloud.

C)

The particles can change positions with each other.

D)

1
0 An isotope contains a different number of _______ than other atoms of the same element.
Need a Hint?

electrons
A)

neutrons
B)

particles
C)

protons
D)
Glencoe Earth Science

Chapter 2: Matter

Matter

1
An element is a substance that contains __________.
Need a Hint?

only one type of molecule

A)

many types of atoms

B)

different molecules
C)

only one type of atom

D)

2
In which of the following states of matter are the atoms and molecules farthest apart?
Need a Hint?

solid
A)

liquid
B)

gas
C)

solution
D)

3
What happens chemically when an apple browns?
Need a Hint?

Carbon dioxide interacts with the apple.

A)

Oxygen interacts with the apple.

B)

Nitrogen interacts with the apple.

C)

The apple loses protons.

D)

4
Electrons carry __________.
Need a Hint?

a neutral charge
A)
 no charge at all
B)

a negative charge
C)

a positive charge
D)

5
Which state of matter, found in stars, is most common?
Need a Hint?

gas
A)

plasma
B)

liquid
C)

solid
D)

6
Two isotopes of carbon, carbon-12 and carbon-14, have different numbers of __________.
Need a Hint?

isotopes
A)

neutrons
B)

protons
C)

electrons
D)

7
An example of a physical property is __________.
Need a Hint?

flammability
A)

density
B)

combustibility
C)

ability to rust
D)

8
Describe the electrons in a bar of gold.
Need a Hint?

found in the nucleus

A)
 moving freely through the metal
B)

orbiting their nuclei

C)

being shared in covalent bonds

D)

9
Which of the following is the smallest particle that makes up all matter?
Need a Hint?

molecules
A)

cells
B)

isotopes
C)

atoms
D)

1
0 Mass divided by volume describes __________.
Need a Hint?

melting point
A)

density
B)

state of matter
C)

how well mixed a substance is

D)

1
1 The atomic number of an atom is the number of __________.
Need a Hint?

neutrons
A)

electrons
B)

protons and neutrons

C)

protons
D)

1
2 Helium has two protons and two neutrons. What is its mass number?
Need a Hint?

4
A)
 0
B)

22
C)

2
D)

1
3 Electrons that are shared are called ___________.
Need a Hint?

bonding
A)

ionic
B)

strewn
C)

valence
D)

1
4 An example of a chemical property is __________.
Need a Hint?

melting point
A)

flammability
B)

color
C)

hardness
D)

1
5 How do scientists study atoms?
Need a Hint?

telescopes
A)

microscopes
B)

models
C)

magnifying glasses
D)

1
6 Protons and neutrons are found in the __________.
Need a Hint?

electron cloud
A)
 orbitals
B)

bonds
C)

nucleus
D)

1
7 Water and alcohol contain hydrogen bonds; therefore, they have __________ molecules.
Need a Hint?

nonpolar
A)

polar
B)

ionic
C)

metallic
D)

1
8 Which is easiest to separate?
Need a Hint?

solution
A)

compound
B)

element
C)

mixture
D)

1
9 When an ionic bond is formed, electrons are __________ another atom.
Need a Hint?

destroyed in
A)

given to
B)

given to or taken from

C)

taken from
D)

2
0 Which state of matter do you not observe readily in your daily life?
Need a Hint?

liquid
A)
 plasma
B)

solid
C)

gas
D)
Glencoe Earth Science

Chapter 2: Matter

Section 1 Self-Check Quiz-Eng.

1
Which is an example of matter?
Need a Hint?

lightning
A)

electricity
B)

heat
C)

wood
D)

2
Which of the following is the smallest particle that makes up all matter?
Need a Hint?

atoms
A)

molecules
B)

cells
C)

isotopes
D)

3
An element is a substance that contains __________.
Need a Hint?

only one type of atom

A)

many types of atoms

B)

different molecules
C)

only one type of molecule

D)

4
How do scientists study atoms?
Need a Hint?

microscopes
A)
 telescopes
B)

models
C)

magnifying glasses
D)

5
Protons and neutrons are found in the __________.
Need a Hint?

nucleus
A)

electron cloud
B)

orbitals
C)

bonds
D)

6
Electrons carry __________.
Need a Hint?

a positive charge
A)

a neutral charge
B)

a negative charge
C)

no charge at all
D)

7
The atomic number of an atom is the number of __________.
Need a Hint?

neutrons
A)

electrons
B)

protons and neutrons

C)

protons
D)

8
Helium has two protons and two neutrons. What is its mass number?
Need a Hint?

2
A)
 0
B)

4
C)

22
D)

9
Two isotopes of carbon, carbon-12 and carbon-14, have different numbers of __________.
Need a Hint?

protons
A)

neutrons
B)

electrons
C)

isotopes
D)
Glencoe Earth Science

Chapter 2: Matter

Section 2 Self-Check Quiz-Eng.

1
An example of a compound is __________.
Need a Hint?

O2
A)

N2
B)

CO2
C)

He
D)

2
Electrons that are shared are called ___________.
Need a Hint?

ionic
A)

bonding
B)

strewn
C)

valence
D)

3
When an ionic bond is formed, electrons are __________ another atom.
Need a Hint?

given to
A)

given to or taken from

B)

taken from
C)

destroyed in
D)

4
Describe the electrons in a bar of gold.
Need a Hint?

orbiting their nuclei

A)
 being shared in covalent bonds
B)

found in the nucleus

C)

moving freely through the metal

D)

5
Water and alcohol contain hydrogen bonds; therefore, they have __________ molecules.
Need a Hint?

polar
A)

nonpolar
B)

metallic
C)

ionic
D)

6
Mud is a(n) __________ because it contains two or more substances mixed together.
Need a Hint?

compound
A)

solution
B)

element
C)

mixture
D)

7
Which is easiest to separate?
Need a Hint?

solution
A)

compound
B)

mixture
C)

element
D)
Glencoe Earth Science

Chapter 2: Matter

Section 3 Self-Check Quiz-Eng.

1
What happens chemically when an apple browns?
Need a Hint?

Oxygen interacts with the apple.

A)

Nitrogen interacts with the apple.

B)

Carbon dioxide interacts with the apple.

C)

The apple loses protons.

D)

2
An example of a chemical property is __________.
Need a Hint?

color
A)

flammability
B)

melting point
C)

hardness
D)

3
An example of a physical property is __________.
Need a Hint?

density
A)

flammability
B)

combustibility
C)

ability to rust
D)

4
Mass divided by volume describes __________.
Need a Hint?

melting point
A)
 state of matter
B)

how well mixed a substance is

C)

density
D)

5
Which state of matter do you not observe readily in your daily life?
Need a Hint?

plasma
A)

solid
B)

liquid
C)

gas
D)

6
In which of the following states of matter are the atoms and molecules farthest apart?
Need a Hint?

liquid
A)

solid
B)

solution
C)

gas
D)

7
Which state of matter, found in stars, is most common?
Need a Hint?

plasma
A)

solid
B)

liquid
C)

gas
D)

8
What type of property is a change of state?
Need a Hint?

chemical
A)
 solution
B)

bonding
C)

physical
D)

9
What type of energy is used to change states of matter?
Need a Hint?

electrical
A)

thermal
B)

magnetic
C)

gravitational
D)
Glencoe Earth Science

Chapter 3: Minerals

Standardized Test Practice

1
Which mineral is commonly found in rocks?

azurite
A)

gold
B)

diamond
C)

quartz
D)

2
Which property describes a mineral's resistance to scratching?

streak
A)

specific gravity
B)

hardness
C)

fracture
D)

3
Magnetite displays which special property?

fizzes with dilute hydrochloric acid

A)

forms a double image

B)

has a salty taste

C)

is attracted by a magnet
D)

4
Which mineral property explains why some minerals break along smooth, flat surfaces?

fracture
A)

streak
B)
luster
 C)

cleavage
D)

5
Which group of minerals forms along faults?

vein minerals
A)

rock-forming minerals
B)

silicates
C)

bauxite
D)

6
What is the most abundant element in the crust?

iron
A)

manganese
B)

silicon
C)

oxygen
D)

7
Which mineral in the table is hardest?
 talc
A)

diamond
B)

quartz
C)

corundum
D)

8
Which mineral will scratch fluorite but not feldspar?

quartz
A)

apatite
B)

calcite
C)

gypsum
D)

9
For whom is the mineral hardness chart named? [insert 503_STP_Questions_ta01]

Friedrich Mohs
A)

Neil Armstrong
B)
 Isaac Newton
C)

Alfred Wegener
D)

1
0 What is a mineral that is useful enough to be mined for a profit?

ore
A)

gem
B)

diamond
C)

crystal
D)
Glencoe Earth Science

Chapter 3: Minerals

Minerals

1
Glass is not a crystal because __________.
Need a Hint?

it is not crystalline
A)

it fractures
B)

it is transparent
C)

it is a solid
D)

2
Titanium is useful because it has __________.
Need a Hint?

a high density and low durability

A)

a colorless streak
B)

a low Mohs number

C)

a low density and high durability

D)

3
Whether a mineral has cleavage or fracture is determined by the __________.
Need a Hint?

hardness of the mineral

A)

shape of its surface

B)

arrangement of its atoms

C)

specific gravity
D)

4
All minerals are __________.
Need a Hint?

unordered
A)
 naturally occurring
B)

organic solids
C)

made in a lab
D)

5
Salt from evaporated seawater has been formed from __________.
Need a Hint?

magma
A)

volcanoes
B)

solution
C)

artificial means
D)

6
Which is an example of a mineral with a nonmetallic luster?
Need a Hint?

pyrite
A)

graphite
B)

quartz
C)

gold
D)

7
The hardest mineral, with a 10 on the Mohs scale, is __________.
Need a Hint?

talc
A)

quartz
B)

iron
C)

diamond
D)

8
Streak measures the color of a mineral's __________.
Need a Hint?

powder
A)
 crystals
B)

atoms
C)

surface
D)

9
Which is an industrial use of diamonds?
Need a Hint?

as cutting tools
A)

in lasers
B)

in watches
C)

in jewelry
D)

1
0 Some gems have __________.
Need a Hint?

fracture
A)

a crystalline structure
B)

a low Mohs number

C)

no color
D)

1
1 Common physical properties of minerals include all of the following except __________.
Need a Hint?

appearance
A)

specific gravity
B)

hardness
C)

flammability
D)

1
2 What is the easiest way to tell if a sample is gold or pyrite?
Need a Hint?

luster
A)
 streak
B)

hardness
C)

appearance
D)

1
3 An inorganic crystalline solid is formed in a lab. Why is it not a mineral?
Need a Hint?

It is not naturally occurring.

A)

It is a crystal.
B)

It is inorganic.
C)

It is a solid.
D)

1
4 Large crystals can form when magma __________.
Need a Hint?

erupts from a volcano

A)

cools slowly
B)

cools quickly
C)

melts
D)

1
5 What are the two most common elements in minerals?
Need a Hint?

oxygen and silicon

A)

iron and oxygen

B)

oxygen and sulfur

C)

carbon and silicon

D)

1
6 The Hope diamond, which is now at the Smithsonian, is said to __________.
Need a Hint?

bring its owner good fortune

A)
 bring its owner bad luck
B)

be one of the smallest diamonds in the world

C)

be an impure diamond
D)

1
7 The specific gravity of a mineral compares its weight with an equal volume of __________.
Need a Hint?

water
A)

rock
B)

air
C)

diamond
D)

1
8 All of the following are some other property used to identify minerals except __________.
Need a Hint?

magnetism
A)

the ability for the mineral to create a double image

B)

reaction to hydrochloric acid

C)

boiling point
D)

1
9 You find a red gemstone that is from Sri Lanka. What gem is this most likely?
Need a Hint?

topaz
A)

emerald
B)

ruby spinel
C)

sapphire
D)

2
0 Where do most useful minerals occur in nature?
Need a Hint?

in ores
A)
 in volcanoes
B)

in seawater
C)

in freshwater
D)
Glencoe Earth Science

Chapter 3: Minerals

Section 1 Self-Check Quiz-Eng.

1
All minerals are __________.
Need a Hint?

made in a lab
A)

organic solids
B)

naturally occurring
C)

unordered
D)

2
An inorganic crystalline solid is formed in a lab. Why is it not a mineral?
Need a Hint?

It is not naturally occurring.

A)

It is a crystal.
B)

It is a solid.
C)

It is inorganic.
D)

3
Glass is not a crystal because __________.
Need a Hint?

it is a solid
A)

it is transparent
B)

it is not crystalline
C)

it fractures
D)

4
__________ is a solid in which the atoms are arranged in closely repeating patterns.
Need a Hint?

A crystal
A)
 A mineral
B)

An element
C)

An ore
D)

5
Large crystals can form when magma __________.
Need a Hint?

cools slowly
A)

cools quickly
B)

melts
C)

erupts from a volcano

D)

6
Salt from evaporated seawater has been formed from __________.
Need a Hint?

solution
A)

magma
B)

volcanoes
C)

artificial means
D)

7
What are the two most common elements in minerals?
Need a Hint?

iron and oxygen

A)

oxygen and sulfur

B)

carbon and silicon

C)

oxygen and silicon

D)
Glencoe Earth Science

Chapter 3: Minerals

Section 2 Self-Check Quiz-Eng.

1
Common physical properties of minerals include all of the following except __________.
Need a Hint?

flammability
A)

appearance
B)

hardness
C)

specific gravity
D)

2
What is the easiest way to tell if a sample is gold or pyrite?
Need a Hint?

appearance
A)

luster
B)

hardness
C)

streak
D)

3
The hardest mineral, with a 10 on the Mohs scale, is __________.
Need a Hint?

talc
A)

diamond
B)

quartz
C)

iron
D)

4
A mineral that is hard __________.
Need a Hint?

is hard to scratch
A)
 will not break
B)

will not shatter

C)

can be scratched with your fingernail

D)

5
Which is an example of a mineral with a nonmetallic luster?
Need a Hint?

gold
A)

quartz
B)

pyrite
C)

graphite
D)

6
The specific gravity of a mineral compares its weight with an equal volume of __________.
Need a Hint?

air
A)

diamond
B)

rock
C)

water
D)

7
Streak measures the color of a mineral's __________.
Need a Hint?

powder
A)

atoms
B)

crystals
C)

surface
D)

8
Whether a mineral has cleavage or fracture is determined by the __________.
Need a Hint?

shape of its surface

A)
 hardness of the mineral
B)

specific gravity
C)

arrangement of its atoms

D)

9
All of the following are some other property used to identify minerals except __________.
Need a Hint?

magnetism
A)

reaction to hydrochloric acid

B)

boiling point
C)

the ability for the mineral to create a double image

D)
Glencoe Earth Science

Chapter 3: Minerals

Section 3 Self-Check Quiz-Eng.

1
Why are gems valuable?
Need a Hint?

They are minerals.

A)

They are crystals.

B)

They are rare.

C)

They are hard.

D)

2
Some gems have __________.
Need a Hint?

fracture
A)

no color
B)

a low Mohs number

C)

a crystalline structure
D)

3
Amethyst is a variation of which mineral?
Need a Hint?

quartz
A)

garnet
B)

topaz
C)

diamond
D)

4
You find a red gemstone that is from Sri Lanka. What gem is this most likely?
Need a Hint?

ruby spinel
A)
 sapphire
B)

emerald
C)

topaz
D)

5
Which is an industrial use of diamonds?
Need a Hint?

as cutting tools
A)

in lasers
B)

in jewelry
C)

in watches
D)

6
The Hope diamond, which is now at the Smithsonian, is said to __________.
Need a Hint?

bring its owner good fortune

A)

be an impure diamond
B)

bring its owner bad luck

C)

be one of the smallest diamonds in the world

D)

7
Where do most useful minerals occur in nature?
Need a Hint?

in freshwater
A)

in ores
B)

in seawater
C)

in volcanoes
D)

8
Metallic elements dissolved in fluids form in __________.
Need a Hint?

ores
A)
 magma
B)

veins
C)

ponds
D)

9
Titanium is useful because it has __________.
Need a Hint?

a high density and low durability

A)

a low Mohs number

B)

a colorless streak
C)

a low density and high durability

D)
Glencoe Earth Science

Chapter 4: Rocks

Standardized Test Practice

1
Which type of lava is fluid and flows freely from volcanoes?

andestic lava
A)

basaltic lava
B)

diorite lava
C)

granitic lava
D)

2
These layers of sedimentary rock were not disturbed after they were deposited. Which layer was deposited
last?

Layer A
A)

Layer M
B)

Layer Z
C)

Layer L
D)
3
During which process do layer upon layer of sediment build up, exerting pressure on the lower layer of
sediment?

cementation
A)

compaction
B)

conglomerate
C)

weathering
D)

4
Which rock is often mined as a valuable resource?

rock salt
A)

conglomerate
B)

breccia
C)

sandstone
D)

5
Which of the following rock is an igneous rock?

pumice
A)

gneiss
B)

shale
C)

slate
D)

6
Which process in the rock cycle causes sediment to form?
 weathering and erosion
A)

cooking
B)

heat and pressure

C)

melting
D)

7
What forms when a sedimentary rock is subjected to heat and pressure?
 metamorphic rock
A)

igeous rock
B)

sediment
C)

sedimentary rock
D)

8
What forms if an igneous rock melts?
 intrusive rock
A)

magma
B)

metamorphic rock
C)

sedimentary rock
D)

9
Which rock is foliated?

granite
A)

marble
B)

gneiss
C)

slate
D)
1
0 How are igneous rocks classified?

by composition and texture

A)

by grain size
B)

by how they are formed

C)

by grain shape
D)
Glencoe Earth Science

Chapter 4: Rocks

Rocks

1
Why are some rocks called intermediate rocks?
Need a Hint?

They are formed within felsic and mafic rocks.

A)

They have mineral compositions between felsic and mafic rocks.

B)

They are found between felsic and mafic rocks.

C)

Their size is generally smaller than felsic, but larger than mafic rocks.
D)

2
How is shale transformed into slate?
Need a Hint?

Shale collects at the bottom of lakes.

A)

Shale cools on Earth's surface.

B)

Shale undergoes intense pressure and temperature changes within Earth.

C)

Shale cools within Earth's surface.

D)

3
Felsic rocks are __________.
Need a Hint?

all answers are correct

A)

light colored rocks

B)

igneous rocks
C)

rocks that have a high concentration of silica

D)

4
A rock is a (an) __________.
Need a Hint?

mixture
A)
 element
B)

compound
C)

atom
D)

5
What is rock salt used for?
Need a Hint?

all answers are correct

A)

soap
B)

glass and paper

C)

diary products
D)

6
Nonfoliated rocks__________.
Need a Hint?

are metamorphic and exhibit layering

A)

are formed only in the northern hemisphere

B)

are not classified as metamorphic

C)

are metamorphic but do not exhibit layering

D)

7
What does the term <i>rock removal</i> mean?
Need a Hint?

Rock carried away by the wind or water is lost from Earth forever.
A)

The rock cycle removes rock by creating or destroying matter.

B)

Chemical elements that make up minerals and rocks are destroyed through erosion.
C)

Rock may be carried away by the wind or water, but it is never lost.
D)

8
Sedimentary rocks __________.
Need a Hint?

form when sediment is pressed together

A)
 all answers are correct
B)

form from existing rocks

C)

often form in layers

D)

9
When minerals act like glue to hold sediments together this is called __________.
Need a Hint?

filtration
A)

fermentation
B)

mineralization
C)

cementation
D)

1
0 Extrusive rocks __________.
Need a Hint?

have large mineral grains and are formed on top of Earth's surface
A)

have large mineral grains and are formed beneath Earth's surface
B)

have small mineral grains and are formed on top of Earth's surface
C)

have small mineral grains and are formed beneath Earth's surface
D)

1
1 A metamorphic rock with a foliated texture _________
Need a Hint?

has mineral grains that have lined up in parallel lines

A)

has mineral grains that have lined up in diagonal lines

B)

has mineral grains that form no distinct pattern

C)

has mineral grains that have lined up perpendicular to each other.

D)

1
2 Why do chemical sedimentary rocks have a non-clastic texture?
Need a Hint?

because they are made from igneous rocks

A)
 because they are made from volcanic rock
B)

because they're not made from pieces of other rocks

C)

because they are made from pieces of other rocks

D)

1
3 Igneous rocks can be __________.
Need a Hint?

neither extrusive nor intrusive

A)

intrusive or extrusive
B)

only intrusive
C)

only extrusive
D)

1
4 Why can't humans just make more fossil fuels like coal?
Need a Hint?

because coal is formed from synthetic materials that humans don't have access to
A)

because coal is formed over millions of years of compacting materials within Earth
B)

because we're not sure how coal is made

C)

because we're not sure what coal is made from

D)

1
5 Igneous rocks __________.
Need a Hint?

are formed in the same way as sedimentary rocks

A)

are the rarest rocks found on Earth

B)

are the most commonly found rocks on Earth

C)

are found mostly on the surface

D)

1
6 Why does magma rise to the surface?
Need a Hint?

because magma is less dense than lava

A)
 because the rocks actually move and force the magma out
B)

because magma is more dense than the surrounding rock

C)

because magma is less dense than the surrounding rock

D)

1
7 How are igneous rocks formed?
Need a Hint?

They are formed over many years of pressure and heat within Earth.
A)

They are formed from cooled magma.

B)

They are hot magma the moment it is expelled from a volcano.

C)

They are formed from sediments that collected in ocean beds.

D)

1
8 Why are mafic rocks dark?
Need a Hint?

because they have been scorched by high temperatures

A)

because they contain large amounts iron and magnesium

B)

because they contain large amounts of silica

C)

because they contain large amounts of sodium

D)

1
9 The rock cycle suggests that __________.
Need a Hint?

rocks are continually recycled into different forms

A)

rocks disappear from Earth as they go underground

B)

rocks always stay in the same form

C)

rocks are always being added to Earth's mass

D)

2
0 What are rocks that have changed due to temperature and pressure called?
Need a Hint?

metamorphic rocks
A)
 lava rocks
B)

igneous rocks
C)

sedimentary rocks
D)
Glencoe Earth Science

Chapter 4: Rocks

Section 1 Self-Check Quiz-Eng.

1
A rock is a (an) __________.
Need a Hint?

compound
A)

element
B)

mixture
C)

atom
D)

2
The rock cycle suggests that __________.
Need a Hint?

rocks are always being added to Earth's mass

A)

rocks are continually recycled into different forms

B)

rocks disappear from Earth as they go underground

C)

rocks always stay in the same form

D)

3
What does the term rock removal mean?
Need a Hint?

Rock carried away by the wind or water is lost from Earth forever.
A)

Chemical elements that make up minerals and rocks are destroyed through erosion.
B)

Rock may be carried away by the wind or water, but it is never lost.
C)

The rock cycle removes rock by creating or destroying matter.

D)
Glencoe Earth Science

Chapter 4: Rocks

Section 2 Self-Check Quiz-Eng.

1
How are igneous rocks formed?
Need a Hint?

They are formed from sediments that collected in ocean beds.

A)

They are formed from cooled magma.

B)

They are formed over many years of pressure and heat within Earth.
C)

They are hot magma the moment it is expelled from a volcano.

D)

2
Why does magma rise to the surface?
Need a Hint?

because magma is more dense than the surrounding rock

A)

because magma is less dense than lava

B)

because the rocks actually move and force the magma out
C)

because magma is less dense than the surrounding rock

D)

3
Intrusive rocks __________.
Need a Hint?

have small mineral grains and are formed beneath Earth's surface
A)

have large mineral grains and are formed on top of Earth's surface
B)

have small mineral grains and are formed on top of Earth's surface
C)

have large mineral grains and are formed beneath Earth's surface
D)

4
Extrusive rocks __________.
Need a Hint?

have large mineral grains and are formed beneath Earth's surface
A)
 have large mineral grains and are formed on top of Earth's surface
B)

have small mineral grains and are formed on top of Earth's surface
C)

have small mineral grains and are formed beneath Earth's surface
D)

5
Igneous rocks can be __________.
Need a Hint?

only intrusive
A)

intrusive or extrusive
B)

only extrusive
C)

neither extrusive nor intrusive

D)

6
Why are basaltic rocks dark?
Need a Hint?

because they contain large amounts iron and magnesium

A)

because they have been scorched by high temperatures

B)

because they contain large amounts of sodium

C)

because they contain large amounts of silica

D)

7
Granitic rocks are __________.
Need a Hint?

all of the above

A)

igneous rocks
B)

light colored rocks

C)

rocks that have a high concentration of silica

D)

8
What are the characteristics of Andesitic rocks?
Need a Hint?

They are found between granitic and basaltic rocks.

A)
 They have mineral compositions between granitic and basaltic rocks.
B)

They are formed within granitic and basaltic rocks.

C)

Their size is generally smaller than granitic, but larger than basaltic rocks.
D)

9
Igneous rocks __________.
Need a Hint?

are the rarest rocks found on Earth

A)

are the most commonly found rocks on Earth

B)

are found mostly on the surface

C)

are formed in the same way as sedimentary rocks

D)
Glencoe Earth Science

Chapter 4: Rocks

Section 3 Self-Check Quiz-Eng.

1
What are rocks that have changed due to temperature and pressure called?
Need a Hint?

igneous rocks
A)

metamorphic rocks
B)

sedimentary rocks
C)

lava rocks
D)

2
How is shale transformed into slate?
Need a Hint?

Shale cools on Earth's surface.

A)

Shale undergoes intense pressure and temperature changes within Earth.

B)

Shale collects at the bottom of lakes.

C)

Shale cools within Earth's surface.

D)

3
A metamorphic rock with a foliated texture _________
Need a Hint?

has mineral grains that have lined up in parallel lines

A)

has mineral grains that have lined up perpendicular to each other.

B)

has mineral grains that form no distinct pattern

C)

has mineral grains that have lined up in diagonal lines

D)

4
Nonfoliated rocks__________.
Need a Hint?

are metamorphic but do not exhibit layering

A)
 are metamorphic and exhibit layering
B)

are not classified as metamorphic

C)

are formed only in the northern hemisphere

D)
Glencoe Earth Science

Chapter 4: Rocks

Section 4 Self-Check Quiz-Eng.

1
Sedimentary rocks __________.
Need a Hint?

all of the above

A)

form when sediment is pressed together

B)

often form in layers

C)

form from existing rocks

D)

2
What are sedimentary rocks made of?
Need a Hint?

They are made of the remainders of volcanic activity.

A)

They are formed only underwater.

B)

They are made from almost any matter found in nature.

C)

all of the above

D)

3
Weathering is an example of what kind of breakdown?
Need a Hint?

chemical and mechanical

A)

only chemical
B)

only mechanical
C)

chemical and physical

D)

4
When minerals act like glue to hold sediments together this is called __________.
Need a Hint?

cementation
A)
 fermentation
B)

mineralization
C)

filtration
D)

5
Why do chemical sedimentary rocks have a non-clastic texture?
Need a Hint?

because they are made from pieces of other rocks

A)

because they are made from volcanic rock

B)

because they are made from igneous rocks

C)

because they're not made from pieces of other rocks

D)

6
Why does the United States have large areas of limestone?
Need a Hint?

because fields covered much of the country for millions of years

A)

because seas covered much of the country for millions of years

B)

because desert covered much of the country for millions of years

C)

because forests covered much of the country for millions of years

D)

7
What is rock salt used for?
Need a Hint?

all of the above

A)

glass and paper

B)

soap
C)

dairy products
D)

8
Why is organic sedimentary rock often rich in the mineral calcite?
Need a Hint?

because plants often accumulate on ocean floors

A)
 because ships often dump calcite on ocean floors
B)

because animals with shells often accumulate on ocean floors

C)

because ocean floors contain calcite

D)

9
Why can't humans just make more fossil fuels like coal?
Need a Hint?

because we're not sure how coal is made

A)

because coal is formed over millions of years of compacting materials within Earth
B)

because we're not sure what coal is made from

C)

because coal is formed from synthetic materials that humans don't have access to
D)
Glencoe Earth Science

Chapter 5: Earth's Energy and Mineral Resources

Standardized Test Practice

1
Which is a thick black liquid formed from decayed organic matter?

natural gas
A)

coal
B)

biomass
C)

oil
D)

2
What percentage of the energy used in the United States came from burning the remains of plants and
animals?

47%
A)

6%
B)

24%
C)

86%
D)

3
What percentage of our energy sources would be lost if the oil supplies dried up?
 6%
A)

39%
B)

8%
C)

23%
D)

4
In which source might methane exist as useful reserves?

hydrocarbons
A)

hydrates
B)

petroleum
C)

coal
D)

5
Which of the following is a renewable resource that is constant and will not run out?

nuclear
A)

solar
B)

coal
C)

oil
D)
6
What is the source of energy shown in this diagram?

fusion
A)

coal
B)

fission
C)

natural gas
D)

7
What else is released in the reaction in the diagram?

protons
A)

neutrons
B)

electrons
C)

uranium atoms
D)

8
What type of energy uses running water to generate electricity?

geothermal
A)

nuclear
B)
 hydroelectric
C)

solar
D)

9
What is gasohol composed of?

oil and gasoline

A)

ethanol and gasoline

B)

oil and petroleum

C)

wood and gasoline

D)

1
0 Which of the following reduces the need for new resources to be used?

generating
A)

recycling
B)

mining
C)

refining
D)
Glencoe Earth Science

Chapter 5: Earth's Energy and Mineral Resources

Earth’s Energy and Mineral Resources

1
One drawback of nuclear energy is that nuclear waste must be contained and stored safely for at least
__________.
Need a Hint?

100 years
A)

10,000 years
B)

1,000 years
C)

10 years
D)

2
Combined current reserves of coal and natural gas in the United States are estimated to last about
__________ years.
Need a Hint?

60
A)

infinite
B)

310
C)

250
D)

3
Where do scientists hope to obtain an abundant source of methane?
Need a Hint?

polar ice caps

A)

ocean floor
B)

glaciers
C)

rain forest
D)

4
To be considered an ore, a mineral deposit must meet all of the following criteria EXCEPT __________.
Need a Hint?
be in demand
 A)

be rare
B)

be easily separated from the original material

C)

be a large enough quantity

D)

5
Which type of coal produces the most energy and least pollution when burned?
Need a Hint?

bituminous
A)

anthracite
B)

lignite
C)

peat
D)

6
The most abundant fossil fuel in the world is __________.
Need a Hint?

coal
A)

oil
B)

natural gas
C)

petroleum
D)

7
Hydroelectric energy is all of the following EXCEPT __________.
Need a Hint?

produced by turbines that turn generators

A)

an example of a nonrenewable energy resource

B)

an inexpensive way to produce electricity

C)

responsible for habitat disruption and destruction

D)

8
The majority of energy used by Americans comes from __________.
Need a Hint?
hydroelectric
 A)

coal
B)

nuclear
C)

petroleum
D)

9
Which of the following nonrenewable energy resources is NOT a fossil fuel?
Need a Hint?

nuclear
A)

coal
B)

natural gas
C)

oil
D)

1
0 Which of the following statements about recycling is true?
Need a Hint?

Recycling increases the amount of mineral resources needed every year.

A)

Recycling won't help humans meet future needs.

B)

Recycling is a way to reuse materials rather than obtain new ones.

C)

Recycling takes more energy than obtaining the new material.

D)
Glencoe Earth Science

Chapter 5: Earth's Energy and Mineral Resources

Section 1 Self-Check Quiz-Eng.

1
Which of the following nonrenewable energy resources is NOT a fossil fuel?
Need a Hint?

oil
A)

natural gas
B)

coal
C)

nuclear
D)

2
The most abundant fossil fuel in the world is __________.
Need a Hint?

oil
A)

coal
B)

petroleum
C)

natural gas
D)

3
Which fossil fuel is formed by decaying plant matter?
Need a Hint?

oil
A)

coal
B)

petroleum
C)

natural gas
D)

4
Which type of coal produces the most energy and least pollution when burned?
Need a Hint?

lignite
A)
 peat
B)

bituminous
C)

anthracite
D)

5
The majority of energy used by Americans comes from __________.
Need a Hint?

coal
A)

nuclear
B)

petroleum
C)

hydroelectric
D)

6
Which mining method is NOT used to excavate coal?
Need a Hint?

strip
A)

open pit
B)

underground
C)

pumping
D)

7
The process of __________ is used to turn strip-mined areas back into areas with trees and grass.
Need a Hint?

land reclamation
A)

reintroduction
B)

ecology
C)

naturalization
D)

8
A narrow pipe drilled into Earth is used to extract __________ from the ground.
Need a Hint?

coal
A)
 lignite
B)

oil
C)

peat
D)

9
Where do scientists hope to obtain an abundant source of methane?
Need a Hint?

polar ice caps

A)

glaciers
B)

rain forest
C)

ocean floor
D)

1
0 All of the following are methods used to conserve fossil fuels EXCEPT __________.
Need a Hint?

turning off lights

A)

insulating home water heaters

B)

shutting windows
C)

using less water

D)

1
1 Combined current reserves of coal and natural gas in the United States are estimated to last about
__________ years.
Need a Hint?

310
A)

250
B)

60
C)

infinite
D)

1
2 In order for a fossil fuel resource to be considered a reserve, it must be __________.
Need a Hint?
long lasting
 A)

profitable
B)

abundant
C)

concentrated
D)

1
3 One drawback of nuclear energy is that nuclear waste must be contained and stored safely for at least
__________.
Need a Hint?

1,000 years
A)

100 years
B)

10 years
C)

10,000 years
D)

1
4 Scientists are hoping to find a way to produce nuclear energy from a process called __________.
Need a Hint?

fusion
A)

fission
B)

binding
C)

radiation
D)
Glencoe Earth Science

Chapter 5: Earth's Energy and Mineral Resources

Section 2 Self-Check Quiz-Eng.

1
Which of the following energy resources is NOT inexhaustible?
Need a Hint?

wind
A)

oil
B)

water
C)

geothermal
D)

2
__________ energy is used to power satellites, cars, and homes.
Need a Hint?

Wind
A)

Water
B)

Geothermal
C)

Solar
D)

3
This energy source has been used for centuries to sail ships and grind corn.
Need a Hint?

solar
A)

wind
B)

water
C)

oil
D)

4
Hydroelectric energy is all of the following EXCEPT __________.
Need a Hint?

an inexpensive way to produce electricity

A)
 produced by turbines that turn generators
B)

an example of a nonrenewable energy resource

C)

responsible for habitat disruption and destruction

D)

5
Which energy resource utilizes hot, dry rocks?
Need a Hint?

wind
A)

geothermal
B)

petroleum
C)

solar
D)

6
Biomass energy can be obtained from all of the following EXCEPT __________.
Need a Hint?

rocks
A)

wood
B)

garbage
C)

ethanol
D)

7
Inexhaustible energy resources are used less often than nonrenewable resources for all of the following
reasons EXCEPT __________.
Need a Hint?

they are less reliable

A)

they are too expensive

B)

they are not widely available

C)

they cause too much pollution

D)

8
Which energy type is nonpolluting and free?
Need a Hint?
wind
A)

nuclear
B)

fossil fuel
C)

biomass
D)
Glencoe Earth Science

Chapter 5: Earth's Energy and Mineral Resources

Section 3 Self-Check Quiz-Eng.

1
To be considered an ore, a mineral deposit must meet all of the following criteria EXCEPT __________.
Need a Hint?

be rare
A)

be in demand
B)

be a large enough quantity

C)

be easily separated from the original material

D)

2
Which of the following is NOT a nonmetallic mineral resource?
Need a Hint?

garnet
A)

iron
B)

gypsum
C)

aggregate
D)

3
Which of the following statements about recycling is true?
Need a Hint?

Recycling increases the amount of mineral resources needed every year.

A)

Recycling takes more energy than obtaining the new material.

B)

Recycling won't help humans meet future needs.

C)

Recycling is a way to reuse materials rather than obtain new ones.

D)