Avcust 27, 1858. The Largest Induction Motor in the World. The accompanying photogeaphs represent a two for 1000 brake horse-power which Ins jast been turned owt the works of Messrs. Brown, Boveri & Co Swit Jamd,As this is probably considerably the lars in the world, some details may be of interest ‘The motar is intended to work in the municipal pumping sa tion of the city of Geneva. The existing pumps, of type, are driven direct hy turbines, but as no further water po twas available for extensions it eas decided to put down a cent ‘ugal pump driven by a two-phase motor deriving its power fon the electric power house of Chévres, come miles farther down the river, The pump for the exceptionally high Hit of 460 tect is from the works of Swlzer Brothers. of Winterthur, and will be Coupled directly t0 the movor here: shown ‘The motor is wound with ten poles, so as to rum at a speed of ‘$44 revolutions per minute when fully loaded, the the supply being 46 cycles per second, It is supplied directly the high-tension current at The total weight of riotor is a7 tons. It will be seen that the front cover plate is mde to slide out on the prolonged beti-plate, so as to facilitate moval of the rotating part. ‘The circuits of the latter are brought ‘out througth the hollow shaft ro three contact rings, for the us 4 separate starting resistane : ‘of Haden, st induction moior frequency im the s¢condary. THE ELECTRICAL WORLD. 103 The » ural Period of a Transmission Line and the Frequency of Lightning Discharges Theretrom, The discharge of " h a circuit containing induction and resistance is ose 3 that the resistance does not exceed a certain critical ending upon the ex paety and the sclf-induction). Tha discharge esreent alter hates with constantly decreasing intensity. The frequency of oseila charge depends upon the capacity, C, and the sel- induction, £, of the circuit, and to a much lesser extent spon the reslstance tif the resistance of the circuit is not excessive the frequency lation can with fair, or even close, approx imation be derived by neglecting the resistance, by the formula A insmission line represents a capacity as well as @ ion, and thus when charged to potential, for nstance, by atmospheric electri fndvetion {rom thus: ler cloud passing over or near the line, the transmission line has n oscillating: current Sech a transmission line differs, however, from an ordinary ner, in that with the former the eapacity and the sel-indue- listributed along the circuit A tooo 13 ‘The power house at Chévres is also undergoing complete -c construction, six new generators of 1200 hor now in course of construction in Messrs. Brown, Boveri & works, as well as a new switchboard snerators and cir cite this switchboard being no less tl st in length, power each being Convention of the Association of Fire and Police Telegraph Superintendents and Municipal Electricians. Geeiesscctstion cid in Dlnira, N.Y 0 Avgust 9, 10 and 11. About sixty delegates were in attendance. They were welcomed to the city and entertained pleasantly. Sev- eral valuable papers were read and the following wore elected for the coming year: President, J. W. Aydoa, Wilming- ton, Del; vice-president, C. T. MacDonald, Ottawa, Can.; tre turer, Adam Boesch, Newark, N. J.; secrelarg, H. T, Blsckwll ‘New York; financial secretary, Burt MeAllister, Bradford, eeting will be held in Wilmington, Del. A New Source of Carbon for Galchim Carbide, In a large lumber yard near Ottawa, Canada, there has been in stalled a retort for producing carbon from sawdust. It is almost needless to remark that this material is cheap, in fact £0 eheap that it isa matter of considerable expense in many large lumber yards to dispose of it by burning or otherwise. tis claimed that the charcoal obtained is purer than cole, and is therefore better sued to making calcium carbide cease Tw Exscrateat Wont Janstey 12, #8.» rerion Moron, The object of the following i to determine the Frequency of the oscillating discharge of such a transmission line, which is the frequency of the discharge of atuospherie electricity, or of the oscillation set up when suddenly changing the condition of the For this purpose sufficiently close approximation is derived by’ neglecting the resistance of the line, which, at the relatively high frequency of oscillating discharges, is small compared with the rarrent by the resistance of the cireait is neglected, a the current assumed as alternating euerent of approximately th same frequency and the same intensity as the initial waves of the oscillating discharge current Hereby the problem is esse implied by the fof using the syubolic method of investigation, Let e= total length of 2 transmission Tine = resistance per unit length £ = reactance per unit length =2 where L= cocficient of slf-iduetion or in per unit length ino the air) per unit length b= capacity susceptance per unit 1 x where C= capacity per unit | 1 the distance froin the bestnin204 THE ELECTRICAL WORLD. Vou, XXXII, No, 9. The e.m.t the s 1 seas Stet Be-* eos Blajlde t+ Be—* hysie Bll =. the frequency of oscillation, © DS aa ‘ 4 Vale Mert) (0) oF natural period othe line, and aS ave tate 9 con fl j (Ae De” onal Pi a s ame 31 wher { ‘of lowest natura] period of the line. _ 4 certo taste Ae etene [le =f ammrare boosie! g on y @ aa fs abe on an y/ Sf varsuorsa —cer 0] pee “ ‘€ = basis of natural logarithms, and A and J integration constents, His, substituted in (5) a Neglecting the line resistance : r = Q,and the conductance (lea te fg ag tt tet age,eie): = 0. gives: camel car 0 : o 1 aie kre Z ae Lo ee fen cea ees ) Gktor ze ‘These values substituted ih (1) give ‘The oscillating discharge of a line can thus follow any of the forms c 4 riven by substituting 8, 83 ness fnto equation (7) T\t— mem veetajids men yortt | “Rehada'mam symbte erent sinte ee byl YL oy cinying 2wit ante Wcacd /uth sas de en j and sibatitatg V from equation (13), te SN i + seve BR I— jl ~ Ban yet ating Vo ation (3) ven \ so t_/E, goto! oo Ifthe discharge takes place at the point: = 0, that the diss @AROE GO a e 2 WOle. tance fcounted from the discharge point 10 the end of th pete, sees eee ce au @k+ue 2 © 2 sO ° where 4 = integration constant, depending upon the initial dis- Sbbpining thas alae i) ves tcibution of voltage, before the discharge, and'f = time after dis- e ‘The fundamental discharge wave is thus, for: # = Or 7 hese values multisite (sG) 4ey/ln et | ee 1 “ , EME a in oi a! : sin ved es ee } aja io Paseo vot ! ae, 0. ver With this wave the current is a maximum at the begin as aia the Hine: ¢ il gradually decreases to zero at the end of the a ee ” ‘The voltage is zero at the beginning of the line, and rises to.» _ nae smazitum at the end) of hele eae ea cee ee) ‘Thus the relative intensities of current and potential along the cone cao) (Aine are as represented by where the current is shown in teal reese tele feneet a “ Perr ty The Sent higher dietnngs (a(n te a seh yee that is, 6 re isan =. Antat/= ve 7 - Coes | Go) sel sae na tem 22 in ings in (>) a Lae Pwd omaave Here the enrrent is again a mnaxin at the beginning of the c ae ling: Vs a) endl decree evel ee nv 1) es of the line: = 5, thea ineronsss arin, in opposite direction, ; 3 FF tim Unet Je nnd decteamen to cro ot th eral of (Fea 4 is vs thes cc nodal port of current atone third of the tine. semua Sah etuuma, wan of «tran Be of he ye get te being the Hed Y= Ob . anne : wer thitas of she Tine: 1 = aud rises axain 408 geconl but op eres, 1 pai masini at the ewe af the Fine: Le The es at fe ths Veit car aeAvaust 27, 1838. Thus f is the number of nod:l points or zero points of current and of e. m {existing in the line Tn case of a lightuiag discharge the capacity C, is the capacity ‘of the line against ground, and thus has no direct relation to ibe capacity of the line conductor against its return. ‘The same ap- piles to the inductance /, 1 neter of tine conductor, Dz distance of conductor above gros S and ¢=lengih of conductor the capac is ; ; oe zs | Re a) Fe detec: ; 12 | tas ecierte 2 wo \ Lose P+ | B= i Ly T n an | LL | | | Co j B ~ ‘The fundamental frequency of oscillation is thus, by substitut ag, tenin ua: : rsx 10 4Wlote é That is, the frequency of oscillation of a line discharging to aground is independent of the sire of line wire and its distance from the ground, and merely depends upon the length ¢ of che Tine, being inverse proportional thereto ‘We thus get the numerical values: . Length of tine te 20 30 yo $0 Go So. woo mibs = 632 gs OS Go aes se ote hence frequency Nix 4680 219 1560 1170 937 5 180 As seen, these frequencies are comparatively love. and especi:ly swith very long lines almost approach alternator frequencies The higher harmonies of the oscillation ate the odd rnsliles fof hese frequencies. ‘Obviously all these waves of different frequencies represened fn equation (18) can ovenr simultaneously in the oscillating «is- 585 a7seyctes: THE ELECTRICAL WORLD. 205, large of a transmission Hine, and in generat the oscillating: dis- charge of a transinission line as thus of the former n by substituting: my e Bee where a: as 05... are constants depending upon the initial dis Sibutivn of tential iy the transmission line, at the moment of Gischaege, of at t=O, and eaewlated thereleom, As instance is calculated the discharge equation of a line charged ro a uniform poteatisl ¢ over its entire length, and then discharging at I = 0. “The harmonies shall be determined up to the 11th—that is, ay “Those six nknossn quantities require six equations, which are 626 346 SEO 7 6666 66 Oe sin t a h L is a - 6 Te | as © (4 26 cos a sin @ +4008 3 wsin 3 @ + 2208 [ 5) z . | the J Height above ground: D = 18 feet Let = 25,000 volts = potential of Hine in the moment of dis enarge. Tis then 31.300 810 @ C08 @ + 10,010 sin 3 @ 608 3. + 5509 sin_500 cos Eg.t gwen 7 sco To Mnsosin 9 weeny @ + SONS IT w 617 cos wsin 9 + 19,6008 - @sin 3 @+ 10.8 cos s win 5 w+ go cospmsiny p+ 3405 9@sIn 9 p+ Loca th WSN Io e= a9/t A simple harmonic oscillation as a line discharge would requite fa finoidal distribution of potential on the transmission Tine at the iustam of discharge, which is not probable, so that probably’ all lightning discharges of transmission lines oF oscillations pro ueed by sudden changes of circuit conditions are complex. waves fof many harmonies, which in their relative magnitude depend Upon the inital charge aud ite distribution—that is, in the case of the Tightaing discharge, upon the atmospheris electrostatic field of foree The fundamental frequency of the oseillaing tra anil of tude than frequencies i commercial use ofa rah hiadher maga ‘mission line is relatively Jo