77 5044

Let ", p, r be the component displacements experienced by ;1 particle, so that wh~n 'undisturbed thecoordinaies ;r~
are x, )', z, and when disturbed x+", y+P, "+r. Then a strain of any magnitude is specified by six elements: ';',:
A= (-+1
v".
0 ) 0+ (v"OD) 2 (v r )
-+~ 0 2 va
0 v"
0 ( vOP
a=--+-+I-+--+1 ) °p v , v0 r (r
v0 ) ",",.,".",
". " "C'""',
,',',",

Ox Ox, Ox Oy 0. Oy 0. Oy 0. ';c(:;,;!,;cc:'>
B-
-
(0,,) + (op
-+1 ) 2+ ( --6=-+1
2 Or ) 2 0" (0" ) +-+op oP (-+1-
or ) 8r '::,: (33)' 1,,!
Oy Oy Oy 0. ox 0. ox 0. 8"' ' ,
(~,,)2+ ( 8~ )'+ (~[-+1 ) 2 C= (8~+I ) ~~+~ (~~+I +~~; ) ,!;
c= 8z 0" 0. ox Oy Ox Oy Ox 8y ,:;';
All particles in an unstrained state, which lie on a spherical surface' i~;~
2 0 2 2 .c'"",
rl = ~l.+'ll +~I (34) ';'J.",

will, in a strained state, lie on an ellipsoidal surface ,~;V

A~'+B'i2+C~2+2a'l~+26~~+2C~'l=r12. (3s)cf~
Accordingly, if the external forces at P (x y .) along the axes of x, y, ., be X, Y; Z, per uni\ qf mass, and 1hect,J,~
internal stresses be . (d " d" "xx "'x"
dp
-+-+-
(d P dU dT) ) dxdyd.= -+-+- dxdyd.'c"!Cc;\ ' "",$
, c:;,
,~

dd: ddy dd: .~U

(b+J!JJ-+~)dxdyd"=(-+~+-)dxdyd" :y :~ ,c " ;"! (36) .:,'

dx
(d~,-+---+--
dy
d~, d~:,) dxdyd"= (:~-+-.:~ +-~~
d. dx dy
:; ) dxdyd..
d. .0,0,
"","i'
c'"!;;:;"
.:&~ ,;0"""
";;'
Then the equilibrium of all the forces, internal and external, leads to the following equation: c :'::;'t; "iCi';;";
( d!1xx
d+-+-+ex d"yx d!1zx ) dxdyd.= ( '-+-+-+ex
dP dU dT ) dxdyd.=0,'c,'l,: :; ;"";'i':;:'c~;~' i,," ,;

x dy d" dx dy d. :"::,,~;,!;':c,.r~
(~+-+--+eY
d!1x, dpyy dpzy ) dxdyd.= (d-+-+-+(>y
u dQ dS ) dxdyd.=o" .c , ",0"""c'37)
;,-," c( '!1'
,;c

(-dd~zd +
dtz
d
dd~z
+--+ez
) (~ :~ :;
dxdyd,,= -+-+-+(>z ) dxdyd..=o,c ':j;,"",,'c;.!\1;
x CY d. dx dy d" '\:;,~i,i

These are the general equations of equilibrium of an elastic solid, whet) subjected to strain by any system" of"');
forces, internal and external. :;j,!
For an isotropic solid, the equations become much ~implified, Using m= k+l/s;', as in (31), we find the well ":i,
known formulae for an elastic solid, of density (> per unit volume, (cf, Tho111son and Tait, Treatise on Natural Philosophy, ;y

edition 1883, S 698) d

111- (
~-+-+-
0" 0,8 or ) +n (-+-+-
02" 0'.. 0"' ) +nX=o c ";::
dx ox 0" 0. OX2 0"2 0.' " ;, "C'~/,
J J ""1'!

md:;; (a:;;+ay+a;
d 0.. op 8r ) +n (8;'+"a:Y2+8;' 02P 02p 02P ) +(>y=o (38) ~"::;
;fl;
;,'
d (a"
III ---0- + op +
-0- Br)
0- ( 02r 02r
+ n 0. + -0-2 + °'r ) +
02 (>z = O, ,,~,
d. v"~ vy v. vx vy v. ""' !,
,"~