PRACTICE TEST 12-9

I. Identify the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently in each group.
1 A.ginger B. manage C. imagination D. league
2.A. nourish B. flourish C. courageous D. southern
3. A. expansion B. decision C. conclusion D. inclusion
4. A. too B. food C. soon D. good
5. A. decided B. hatred C. warned D. sacred

II. Identify the word whose stress pattern is different from that of the others in each group.
1. A. resource B. sanguine C. plastic D. timber
2. A. authority B. entrance C. selection D. emission
3. A. involve B. guidance C. enhance D. society
4. A. support B. colleague C. bilingual D. evaluate
5. A. envelope B. amazing C. passenger D. reference

III. Choose the best answer to fill in the blanks

1. She ________ for her parents’ support during her university education, but she preferred to work part-
time and support herself.
A. should have asked B. could have asked C. must have asked D. ought to ask
2. She asked for a second ________ as it tasted so good.
A. plate B. course C. dish D. helping
3. “Where is my bag?”. - “________”
A. There it is B. There is it C. Here you are D. Here are you
4. According to a study, women blink almost twice ________ men.
A. more than B. as much as C. many more D. so much that
5. Neither of them will be treated preferentially, ________ ?
A. won’t they B. will they C. won’t them D. will them
6. Wildlife ________ are concerned about the environment.
A. scientists B. activists C. members D. protectors
7. During our stay in Venice, we bought a ________ bottle.
A. glass lovely perfume B. lovely glass perfume
C. lovely perfume glass D. glass perfume lovely
8. In no ...........could such a discreet man betray our secrets.
A. account B. time C. way D. circumstance
9.The immigrants, _______ are under 15, are going to be put in this school.
A. half of them B. whose half C. half of which D. half of whom
11. You can always rely _____us. We are ready to help.
A. with B. in C. on D. by
13. The new painting has ______ wonder for the living room.
A. brought B. made C. done D. taken
14.Yolanda just walked into the race ______ what her parents might think of it.
A. because of B. as for C. regardless of D. apart from
15. The interviewer asked me ________ for any other job.
A. had I applied B. if I have applied
C. whether I had applied D. that I applied
16. It suddenly ....her mind that she had promised to meet a friend that night.
A. hit B. touched C. struck D. crossed
17. He's turned his house .........looking for his sunglasses, which had great sentimental value.
A. backwards and forwards B. upside down C. inside and outside D. high and low
18. Is John a good student?" - "He is, ............, an excellent student."
A. in most parts B. for most parts C. for the most part D. in most of the parts
19. ......................sighting an approaching car, some drivers tend to speed up.
A.When slowing down instead of B. Instead when slowing down at
C.When instead of slowing down D.Instead of slowing down when
20. The city of Montreal......................70 square miles, attracts a lot of visitors every year.
 A. covers B. ,that covers C. ,covering D. is covered

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the
underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 21: You may find that jogging is detrimental rather than beneficial to your health.
A. helpful B. oversimple C. depressing D. harmful
Question 22: Because everyone thought he was such a good citizen, he remained above suspicion after
the robbery.
A. reliable B. furious C. depressed D. doubtful

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best completes each of the
following exchanges.
Question 23: Daisy wants to invite her classmate, Joe, to her birthday party.
- Daisy : “Listen, I am having a birthday party next Friday. Do you want to come?”
- Joe: “___________. What time does it start?”
A. Sure, I’d love to B. Sorry. I have another commitment with my
sister.
C. That sounds great D. I like party
Question 24: Laura and Mitchell are talking about Glen’s birthday
- Laura: " I can’t believe that it’s Glen’s birthday tomorrow! I need to get him a present!”
- Mitchell: ''_______________. but isn’t it the 25th tomorrow?''
A. I don’t think it’s a good idea B. I could be wrong
C. Exactly what I think D. I don’t agree with you
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the
underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 19: : After many years of unsuccessfully endeavoring to form his own orchestra, Glenn Miller
finally achieved world fame in 1939 as a big band leader.
A. requesting B. trying C. offering D. deciding
Question 20: The prevailing belief in 1930 was that an economic recession was like an earthquake or flood -
an act of God that had to be endured.
A. disaster B. mission C. privilege D. failure

IV. Use the correct forms of the words in brackets to complete the passage.
In Europe most cities are still designed for the old modes of transport. (1. Adapt)………… to the motor car
has involved adding ring roads, one-way systems and parking lots. In the United States, more land is
assigned to car use than to (2. house)………….. Urban sprawl means that life without a car is next to (3.
possible)……………….. Mass use of motor vehicles has also killed or injured millions of people. Other
social (4. affect)…………… have been blamed on the car such as alienation and aggressive human
behaviors.
A 1993 study by the European (5. Federate)…………..for Transport and Environment found that car
transport is seven times as (6. cost)……………. as rail travel in terms of the external social costs it entails
such as congestion, accidents, pollution, loss of cropland and natural (7. habit)………., depletion of oil
resources, and so on. Yet cars easily (8. pass)…………… trains or buses as a flexible and convenient mode
of personal transport. It is (9. real)............. to expect people to give up private cars in (10. favourite)
…………… of mass transit.

VI. Choose the best answer.

Whenever we read about the natural world nowadays, it is generally to be (1)………. dire
predictions about its imminent destruction. Some scientists go so (2)…. is to assert that from now on, the
world can no longer be called ‘natural’, in so far as future processes of weather, (3)….. , and all the
interactions of plant and animal life will no longer carry on in their time- honored way, unaffected by (4)
…… There will never be such a thin ‘natural weather’ again, say such writers, only weather (5)….. by gin
warming. It is hard to know whether to believe such (6)….. of doom possibly because what they are saying
seems too terrible to be (7)……. There are other equally influential scientists who argue that climate, for
example has changed many times over the (8)…. , and that what we are experiencing now may simply be
part of an endless cycle of change, rather than a disaster on a global (9)…….. One cannot help wondering
whether these attempts to wish the problem away (10)….. underline the extent to which western
industrialized countries are to blame for upsetting the world’s (11).. ……..is not our fault, they seem to be
saying, because everything is all right, really! One certain (12)…….. which is chilling in its implications, is
that there longer anywhere on the earth’s (13)… ,whether in the depths of the oceans or in the polar wastes,
which is not (14) ……by polluted air or (15) ……with empty cans and bottles. Now we are having to come
to terms with understanding just what that means, and it is far from easy.
1) A) made B) given C) told D) granted
2) A) much B) often C) really D) far
3) A) change B ) atmosphere C) climate D) even
4) A) beings B) man C) people D) humans
5) A) built B) manufactured C) affected D) organised
6) A) prophets B) champions C) warriors D) giants
7) A) stopped B) true C) guessed D) here
8) A) top B) again C) centuries D) world
9) A) sense B) form C) scale D) existence
10) A) simply B) to C) that D) or
11) A) future B) ecology C) balance D) populationi
12) A) fact B) must C) fault D) and
13) A) planet B) atmosphere C) anywhere D)surface
14) A) full B) stained C) breathing D) only
15) A) even B) recycled C) littered D) bothered

VII. Fill in the blank with one suitable word.

You should spend about 20 minutes on questions 14 -26 which are based on reading passage
Questions 14-17
Reading Passage 162 has four sections A-D
Choose the correct heading for the each section from the list of headings below.
List of Headings 
i Causes of volcanic eruption 14  Section  A
ii Efforts to predict volcanic eruption 15  Section  B
iii Volcanoes and the features of our planet 16  Section  C
iv Different types of volcanic eruption 17  Section  D
v International relief efforts
 vi The unpredictability of volcanic eruption

 
Volcanoes – earth-shattering news
When Mount Pinatubo suddenly erupted on 9 June 1991, the power of volcanoes past and present again
hit the headlines
A Volcanoes are the ultimate earth-moving machinery. A violent eruption can blow the top few kilometres
off a mountain, scatter fine ash practically all over the globe and hurt rock fragments into the stratosphere to
darken the skies a continent away.
  But the classic eruption – cone-shaped mountain, big bang, mushroom cloud and surges of molten lava – is
only a tiny part of a   global story. Volcanism, the name given to volcanic processes, really has shaped the
world. Eruptions have rifted continents, raised mountain chains, constructed islands and shaped the
topography of the earth. The entire ocean floor has a basement of volcanic basalt.
   Volcanoes have not only made the continents, they are also thought to have made the world’s first stable
atmosphere and provided all the water for the oceans, rivers and ice-caps. There are now about 600 active
volcanoes. Every year they add two or three cubic kilometres of rock to the continents. Imagine a similar
number of volcanoes smoking away for the last 3,500 million years. That is enough rock to explain the
continental crust.
   What comes out of volcanic craters is mostly gas. More than 90% of this gas is water vapour from the
deep earth: enough to explain, over 3,500 million years, the water in the oceans. The rest of the gas is
nitrogen, carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, methane, ammonia and hydrogen. The quantity of these gases,
again multiplied over 3,500 million years, is enough to explain the mass of the world’s atmosphere. We are
alive because volcanoes provided the soil, air and water we need.
B Geologists consider the earth as having a molten core, surrounded by a semi-molten mantle and a brittle,
outer skin. It helps to think of a soft-boiled egg with a runny yolk, a firm but squishy white and a hard shell.
If the shell is even slightly cracked during boiling, the white material bubbles out and sets like a tiny
mountain chain over the crack – like an archipelago of volcanic islands such as the Hawaiian Islands. But
the earth is so much bigger and the mantle below is so much halter.
Even though the mantle rocks are kept solid by overlying pressure, they can still slowly ‘flow’ like thick
treacle. The flow, thought to be in the form of convection currents, is powerful enough to fracture the
‘eggshell’ of the crust into plates, and keep them bumping and grinding against each other, or even
overlapping, at the rate of a few centimetres a year. These fracture zones, where the collisions occur, are
where earthquakes happen. And, very often, volcanoes.

C These zones are lines of weakness, or hot spots. Every eruption is different, but put at its simplest, where
there are weaknesses, rocks deep in the mantle, heated to 1,350oC, will start to expand and rise. As they do
so, the pressure drops, and they expand and become liquid and rise more swiftly.
Sometimes it is slow: vast bubbles of magma – molten rock from the mantle – inch towards the surface,
cooling slowly, to show through as granite extrusions (as on Skye, or the Great Whin Sill, the lava dyke
squeezed out like toothpaste that carries part of Hadrian’s Wall in northern England). Sometimes – as in
Northern Ireland, Wales and the Karoo in South Africa – the magma rose faster, and then flowed out
horizontally on to the surface in vast thick sheets. In the Deccan plateau in western India, there are more
than two million cubic kilometres of lava, some of it 2,400 metres thick, formed over 500,000 years of
slurping eruption.
Sometimes the magma moves very swiftly indeed. It does not have time to cool as it surges upwards. The
gases trapped inside the boiling rock expand suddenly, the lava glows with heat, it begins to froth, and it
explodes with tremendous force. Then the slightly cooler lava following it begins to flow over the lip of the
crater. It happens on Mars, it happened on the moon, it even happens on some of the moons of Jupiter and
Uranus. By studying the evidence, vulcanologists can read the force of the great blasts of the past. Is the
pumice light and full of holes? The explosion was tremendous. Are the rocks heavy, with huge crystalline
basalt shapes, like the Giant’s Causeway in Northern Ireland? It was a slow, gentle eruption.
    The biggest eruption are deep on the mid-ocean floor, where new lava is forcing the continents apart and
widening the Atlantic by perhaps five centimetres a year. Look at maps of volcanoes, earthquakes and island
chains like the Philippines and Japan, and you can see the rough outlines of what are called tectonic plates –
the plates which make up the earth’s crust and mantle. The most dramatic of these is the Pacific ‘ring of fire’
where there have the most violent explosions – Mount Pinatubo near Manila, Mount St Helen’s in the
Rockies and El Chichón in Mexico about a decade ago, not to mention world-shaking blasts like Krakatoa in
the Sunda Straits in 1883.
D  But volcanoes are not very predictable. That is because geological time is not like human time. During
quiet periods, volcanoes cap themselves with their own lava by forming a powerful cone from the molten
rocks slopping over the rim of the crater; later the lava cools slowly into a huge, hard, stable plug which
blocks any further eruption until the pressure below becomes irresistible. In the case of Mount Pinatubo, this
took 600 years.
    Then, sometimes, with only a small warning, the mountain blows its top. It did this at Mont Pelée in
Martinique at 7.49 a.m. on 8 May, 1902. Of a town of 28,000, only two people survived. In 1815, a sudden
blast removed the top 1,280 metres of Mount Tambora in Indonesia. The eruption was so fierce that dust
thrown into the stratosphere darkened the skies, canceling the following summer in Europe and North
America. Thousands starved as the harvest failed, after snow in June and frosts in August. Volcanoes are
potentially world news, especially the quiet ones.
Questions 18-21
Answer the questions below using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/ OR A NUMBER from the
passage
18.  What are the sections of the earth’s crust, often associated with volcanic activity, called?
19.  What is the name given to molten rock from the mantle?
20.  What is the earthquake zone on the Pacific Ocean called?
21.  For how many years did Mount Pinatubo remain inactive?
Questions 22-26
Complete the summary below. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each
answer.
Volcanic eruptions have shaped the earth’s land surface. They may also have produced the world’s
atmosphere and 22 …...…… Eruptions occur when molten rocks from the earth’s mantle rise and expand.
When they become liquid, they move more quickly through cracks in the surface. There are different types
of eruption. Sometimes the 23 ……...… moves slowly and forms outcrops of granite on the earth’s surface.
When it moves more quickly it may flow out in thick horizontal sheets. Examples of this type of eruption
can be found in Northern Ireland, Wales, South Africa and 24 …...…… A third type of eruption occurs
when the lava emerges very quickly and 25 …...…… violently. This happens because the magma moves so
suddenly that 26 …...…… are emitted.