Science

Quarter 1 - Module 1
Volcano and Its Relation
to Plate Tectonics

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

 Science- Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 - Module 1: Volcano and Its Relation to Plate Tectonics
First Edition, 2020

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Schools Division Superintendent: Randolph B. Tortola, PhD, CESO IV

Development Team of the Module

Author/s : Eva D. Aranggo

Content Editor : Said M. Macabago, PhD,
Language Editor Jayrod F. Eslao
Reviewers : Cecilia Casipong Damayan
Illustrator and Layout Artist Management Team : Ellen A. Azuelo, PhD,
Chairperson Rejynne Mary L. Ruiz, PhD :
Christine Fel A. Matugas,
Co-Chairpersons Xyza M. Penkian
:
: Arturo B. Bayocot, PhD,
CESO III
Regional Director
: Victor G. De Gracia Jr., PhD,
CESO V
Assistant Regional
Director
Members : Randolph B. Tortola, PhD,
CESO IV
Schools Division
Superintendent
: Shambaeh A. Abantas-
Usman, PhD
Assistant Schools

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 10
Science
Quarter 1 – Module 1
Volcano and its Relation
to Plate Tectonics

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed

by educators from public and private schools, colleges, and or/universities. We encourage
teachers and other education stakeholders to email their feedback, comments, and
recommendations to the Department of Education at action@ deped.gov.ph.
We value your feedback and recommendation

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

 Table of
Contents

COVER PAGE COPYRIGHT

PAGE
TITLE PAGE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
WHAT THIS MODULE IS ALL ABOUT
HOW TO LEARN THIS MODULE
GUIDLEINES AND REMINDERS
Lesson 1: Plate Tectonic
Theory 1

to Know 1

Know 2

More 4
8
Learned
8
Do
1
0
Activity 1
Lesson 2: Kinds of 0
Volcanoes 1
1
to Know 1
1
Know 7
1
7
1
8
1
More 9
2
Learned 0
2
Do 3
2
5
Activity 2
Lesson 1: Distribution of 5
Volcanoes 2
What This Module is About

Introductory Message

Welcome to the Science 10 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Volcano and Its Relation to
Plate Tectonics.

To the facilitator:

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both from public and
private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set
by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in
schooling.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also need to
keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their own learning. Furthermore,
you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

To the parents:
As vital partners in education, your support to your children’s learning at home is a great factor to
ensure that they will become successful in what they do. As parents, you are expected to monitor your
children’s progress while they are accomplishing the tasks in this module while at the same time,
ensuring that they learn independently.

The objectives set for this learning material will be certainly accomplished with your steadfast
guidance and support.

To the learner:

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning activities at
their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century
skills while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

Furthermore, it is our objective that you will have fun while going through this material. Take charge
of your learning pace and in no time, you will successfully meet the targets and objectives set in this
module which are intended for your ultimate development as a learner and as a person.
How to Learn from this Module
To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:

• Take your time reading the lessons carefully.

• Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises diligently. • Answer all
the given tests and exercises.

Icons of this Module

What I Need to This part
Know are set for you to
learn as you go
module.

What I know This is an

assessment to
knowledge as the
to
meant
specifically
Knowledge to
What’s In This part connects
of the current
one.

What’s New An introduction

various activities,
tobefore
you it will be

What is It These are

way to deepen
your discovery
standing of the
concept.
What’s More These are
tended for you to
practice further in
master the
competencies.
What I Have Activities
Learned have learned
from the lesson

What I can do These are tasks that

areyour
case designed
skillsto
and
applied into real-
life concerns and
situations.
 What I Can Do This section provides an activity
transfer your new knowledge or
situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to

mastery in achieving the

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity

enrich your knowledge or skill
This also tends to retention
of learned concepts.
Answer Key This contains answers to all
activities in the module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing this

module.

Guidelines and Reminders

The following are some guidelines and reminders to remember when using this module:

1. Use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module.
Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Do not forget to answer the What I Know section before moving on to the next activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers. 5. Finish the
task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks found in this module, do not hesitate to
consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep
understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

- From the Science 10 Module Developm

Team
This page is intentionally left blank
 _____ 11. The first layer of the k. seafloor spreading
lithosphere l. convection cell
_____ 12. The Earth layer where magma come from m. core
_____ 13. The cyclic movement of molten rock
in the n. crust
mantle o. Asia
_____ 14. Currently the biggest continent
p. mantle
_____ 15. The innermost layer of the
lithosphere

What’s In
The lithosphere (solid part of the Earth) is composed of three major layers, the crust
(outermost layer), the mantle (the middles layer), and the core (the innermost layer). The Earth’s crust is
composed of several broken plates that move continuously. These movements are caused by the properties
and processes that occur in the Earth’s interior. Due to intense heat in the Earth’s interior, the molten rock
(magma) in the mantle moves in a cyclic pattern forming convection cells (Figure 1.1). In the cell, the
warmer material from the lower layer of the mantle near the core rises. As it rises, moving away from the
core, it slowly cools down and eventually sinks again and is replaced by the rising warmer material
forming a never-ending cycle. This movement is extremely slow that its effects can only be discerned after
thousands or millions of years.

Figure 1.1. The Convection Cell

2
 What’s New
It was Alfred Wegener, an Austrian climatologist, who first noted the theory on the
movement of the Earth’s land masses and is known today as the modern Plate Tectonic Theory (Oskin,
2017). This theory states that the Earth’s crust is composed of several broken plates that continuously
move either away, past, or towards each other.

In the early 1900s, Alfred Wegener observed that the coastal areas of the continents today
seemed to look like jigsaw puzzle pieces that fit to each other. With this observation, he inferred that the
Earth could have once been composed of only one continent and was split into several smaller continents
due to lithospheric processes through time.

What Is It
Theories on the movement of the lithosphere:

1. Continental Drift theory (Alfred Wegener) (Oskin, 2017)

- This theory states that the Earth was once composed

supercontinent called Pangaea. Through time, this supercontinent split into 2. Seafloor

Spreading Theory (www.divediscover.whoi.edu)

- Proposed by Harry Hess of Princeton University

- States that the seafloor is continuously spreading and
recycled into the mantle

3. Plate Tectonics Theory (www.ck12.org; Oskin, 2017)

- States that the crust is composed of different plates
away or past each other.
- The modern version of the Continental Drift
Theory of Alfred Wegener
We already learned that the mantle is composed of semifluid molten rock that
moves constantly in a cyclic pattern forming convection cells. As the molten rock moves in the mantle,
with the extreme pressure, some of the molten rock escapes through the

3
 cracks in the crust and along the boundaries of the tectonic plates resulting in earthquakes and
volcanic activities (National Geographic, 2014).

Perhaps, the most known tectonic boundaries that consist of many active
volcanoes and where frequent earthquakes occur is the Pacific Ring of Fire. The “ring” is
composed of the boundaries of the Pacific Plate, Philippine Plate, Eurasian Plate, Juan de Fuca
and Cocos plates, and the Nazca Plate.

What’s More

In the figure below, identify and list down the different tectonic plates in the world
(15 points).

Figure 1.2. The Tectonic Plate of the World (Source: http://pubs.usgs.gov)

4
 What I Have Learned

Describe what is shown in the figure below. Identify the plates that move away, past, or
towards each other.

Source:

What I Can Do

Putting Back Together

Instructions:

1. Print a world map.

2. Cut out the continents.
3. Like the jigsaw puzzle pieces, fit the cutout land masses to form the Pangaea. 4. Show it
to your facilitator.

5
 Assessment
Matching Type: Relate each statement in column A to the options in column B. Write the
letter of your answer in your sheet of paper.

COLUMN A COLUMN B
_____ 1. The first layer of the a. convection cell
lithosphere b. core
_____ 2. The Earth layer c. crust
where magma come from
_____ 3. The cyclic pattern of d. Asia
the molten rock in the e. mantle
mantle f. Pangaea
_____ 4. Currently the
biggest continent g. Gondwanaland

_____ 5. The innermost layer

h. convection currents
of the lithosphere
_____ 6. The formation of new i. Plate Tectonic theory
crust on the ocean floor
_____ 7. A long narrow chain of j. Laurasia
underwater hills or k. colliding boundary
mountains
_____ 8. Boundary formed where l. magma
two plates bump into m. ridge
each other
_____ 9. Boundary found where n. spreading boundary
plates are moving
apart at mid- o. rift
ocean ridges
_____ 10. Wegner’s large p. seafloor spreading
continent
_____ 11. A theory stating that the
Earth’s surface is
broken into
many pieces
_____ 12. Melted material

6
 Additional
Activity

The Plate Tectonic states that there was once a supercontinent,

smaller continents of today. Identify the numbered pieces as to what continentPangaea,
or landthat
massbroke
it is into
today.

7
 Lesson EARTH

2 Kinds of
Volcanoes
6. What type of volcanoes form from wide thin layers of lava?

A. Composite B. Cinder cone C. Lava D. Shield

7. What type of volcanoes are formed over many years and can grow to mountains of over
8,000 feet tall?

A. Composite B. Cinder cone C. Lava D. Shield

9. Which of the following best describes a volcano?

A. It is a mountain.

B. It is conical in shape.

C. It causes earthquakes.

D. It causes earthquakes and produces lava during volcanic eruptions.

10. What is a volcanic lava?

A. Gas clouds created by volcanoes.

B. Molten rock deep in the Earth’s crust.

C. Ash that is spewed out onto Earth’s surface.

D. Magma bursts through into Earth’s surface as a bright angle liquid.

11. Which of the following is the most active in the Philippines?

A. Arayat B. Hibok- C. Kanlaon D.

Hibok Mayon
12. What do we call molten hot liquid rock once it erupts to the Earth’s surface?

A. Cinder B. C. Lava D.
Igneous Mag
13. What do we call molten hot liquid while it is still below the Earth’s surface?

A. Cinder B. C. Lava D.
Igneous Mag
14. Which type of volcano is characterized by tall, cone-shaped mountains in which layers of
lava alternate with layers of ash.

A. Cinder-cone volcano
B. Composite volcano
C. Shield volcano
D. Stratovolcano

15. Which of the following DOES NOT belong to the group?

A. Apo B. C. D.
Kilauea Mayon Pinat
9
 What’s In

Volcanoes are generally described as mountains that emit volcanic products like lava,
rocks, ashes, and gases from the interior of the Earth through its vents. It is also described as mountains
that are formed through the deposit of these volcanic products (Bagley, 2018). Volcanoes have different
characteristics. They are categorized based on their shape and structure and their volcanic activity.

What’s New
There are three major types of volcanoes based on their shapes and structure. In your
own perspective, characterize the different volcanic structures below.

Volcanic Structures Characterization

10
 What Is It
The three major categories of volcanoes based on structure (Bagley, 2018):

Types of Volcanoes in Terms of Structure Characteristics

Cinder Cone Volcano - Steep slope

- Emits ash during
eruption
- Wide base
Shield Volcano - Emits lava
- Looks like a
shield hence the
- Half way of having
Composite Volcano or Stratovolcano steep
- slope and wide

11
 Moreover, volcanoes are also classified based on volcanic activity. Here are the types of
volcanoes based on its behavior.

Types of Volcanoes in Terms of Activity Characteristics

- These are volcanoes

Active Volcano that are “currently
erupting or are
expected to erupt in

- These are “not

Dormant Volcano currently erupting but
have erupted within
recordable history
and are

- “These volcanoes are

Extinct Volcano considered as dead
and are not expected
to erupt in the

What’s More
Characterize the type of volcano shown in the picture below in terms of its morphology.
Identinfy whether it is active, dormant, or extinct. Defend your answer.

12
 What I Have
Learned
Identify the different types of volcanoes in terms of morphology and in
activity. Illustrate each type of volcano.

What I Can Do
Identify at least five volcanoes in the Philippines. Classify each of these volcanoes in terms
of morphology and volcanic activity.

Assessment

Multiple Choice: Select the correct from the given choices.

1. Which of the following is the most active in the Philippines?

A. Arayat B. Hibok- C. Kanlaon D.

Hibok Mayon
2. What do we call molten hot liquid rock once it erupts to the Earth’s surface?

A. Cinder B. C. Lava D.
Igneous Mag
3. What do we call molten hot liquid while it is still below the Earth’s surface?

A. Cinder B. C. Lava D.
Igneous Mag
4. Which of the following is a composite type of volcano?

A. Hibok- B. Kanlaon C. Mayon D. Taal

Hibok
5. Which of the following DOES NOT belong to the group?

A. Apo B. C. D.
Kilauea Mayon Pinat
ubo

13
6. What is a volcano?

A. A large storm with very high-speed winds.

B. A large cloud that generates rain, hail, and lighting.

C. An opening in the Earth’s crust where magma erupts to the surface.

D. A violent shaking of the Earth that occurs when two tectonic plates bump into each other.

7. How many major types of volcanoes are there?

A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5

8. Which volcano is the least explosive?

A. Composite B. Cinder cone C. Shield D. Stratovolcano

9. What type of volcano has a very broad shape with gentle slopes?

A. Composite B. Cinder cone C. Lava D. Shield

10. Which type of volcano is the most explosive?

A. Composite B. Cinder cone C. Lava D. Shield

11. What type of volcanoes form from wide thin layers of lava?

A. Composite B. Cinder cone C. Lava D. Shield

12. What type of volcanoes are formed over many years and can grow to mountains of over
8,000 feet tall?

A. Composite B. Cinder cone C. Lava D. Shield

13. Which type of volcano is characterized by tall, cone-shaped mountains in which layers of
lava alternate with layers of ash.

E. Cinder-cone volcano
F. Composite volcano
G. Shield volcano
H. Stratovolcano

14. Which of the following best describes a volcano?

A. It is a mountain.

B. It is conical in shape.

C. It causes earthquakes.

D. It causes earthquakes and produces lava during volcanic eruptions.

14
15. What is volcanic lava?

A. Ash that is spewed out onto Earth’s surface.

B. Gas clouds created by volcanoes.
C. Molten rock deep in the Earth’s crust.
D. Magma bursts through into Earth’s surface as a bright angle liqui

Additional Activity

In a separate sheet of paper, illustrate each type of volcano. For each illustration, give:

a. the type of eruptions

b. the materials ejected
c. an example of this type of volcano

CHARACTERISTICS ILLUSTRATION

1. composite volcano
a. ___________________

b. ___________________

c. ___________________

2. shield volcano
a. ___________________

b. ___________________

c. ___________________

15
3. cinder volcano

a. __________________

b. __________________

c. __________________

16
 Lesson EARTH

3 Distribution of
Volcanoes
4. The theory of plate tectonics helps explain which of the following?
a. extinction of dinosaurs
b. layers of the atmosphere
c. symbiotic relationship of plants and animals
d. movement of continents and occurrence of volcanoes and earthquakes
5. How are plate tectonics and volcanoes related?
a. They have nothing to do with one another.
b. Volcanoes are formed near where plates collide and in the ocean.
c. Volcanoes are not formed where plates collide, but do form in the oceans.
d. Volcanoes are formed near where plates collide and are not formed anywhere else.

True or False: Identify whether the statement is true or false. Write your answers on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. Mt. Apo is considered an active volcano.

2. Mt. Pulag is the highest peak in the Philippines.
3. Mt. Mayon is considered one of the most active volcanoes in the Philippines
4. Mt. Pinatubo eruption is the most destructive volcanic eruption recorded in the Philippines.
5. Among the major islands in the Philippines, Luzon has the greatest number of volcanoes.
6. Volcanoes can be formed anywhere.
7. Volcanoes can be formed in tectonic plate boundaries.
8. Volcanoes are evenly distributed across the globe.
9. Volcanoes are formed only in the continental crust.
10. More than a quarter of the total active volcanoes on Earth are found along the Pacific Ring
of Fire.

What’s In
We learned that the crust is composed of tectonic plates that move either away,
past, or towards each other. Since most volcanoes are formed along the plate boundaries,
it is expected that many active volcanoes are formed along with them (National
Geographic, 2014).

18
 We are very familiar with the Pacific Ring of Fire. The Pacific Ring of Fire where
the Philippines is situated along with, comprises the tectonic boundaries of Pacific Plate,
Philippine Plate, Eurasian Plate, Juan de Fuca and Cocos plates, and the Nazca Plate.

What’s New
When the tectonic plates move apart (diverge), magma will ooze out from the
cracks and fissures of the crust that are moving apart forming vents. These will then lead
to formation of new land masses, volcanoes and volcanic activities. On the other hand,
when the plates move towards each other (converge), upon collision, the plate that sinks
(subducts) will melt in the mantle. And where there is melting of the plates, formation of
volcanoes occurs.

In the Philippines, volcanoes and volcanic activities are classified and monitored
by the Philippines Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS). PHIVOLCS
classified the volcanoes in the Philippines according to its eruptive history. There are three
classifications of volcanoes in the Philippines according to PHIVOLCS.

1. Active Volcanoes – Erupted within historic times (within the last 600 years).
Accounts of these eruptions were documented by man. Erupted within the last
10,000 years based on the analyses of materials from young volcanic deposits.
2. Potentially Active Volcanoes – Morphologically young-looking but with no
historical or analytical records of eruption.
3. Inactive Volcanoes – No recorded eruptions. Physical form has been
intensively weathered and eroded, bearing deep and long gullies.

Delos Reyes et. al. (2018) listed twenty-four active volcanoes in the Philippines.
The rest are considered potentially active and/or inactive.

19
 What Is It
When plates converge, one of the plates sinks to the
mantle.
trenches are formed. Parallel to the trench is an array of volcanoes formed fromAsthe
a result,
melted
plate (magma) that escaped from the mantle. The figure below shows the formation of
volcanoes along the converging plates.

Figure 3.1 Formation of Volcanoes Along the Converging Plates

20
 In divergent boundaries, when the plates move apart, magma rises, solidifies, and
forms new land masses.

Figure 3.2. Diverging Plates

In the Philippines, there are twenty-four active volcanoes as listed by Delos Reyes et. al.
(2018). The list is shown below.

Item No. Name of Latitude Longitude Province

1 Babuyan Claro 19.52408 121.95005 Babuyan Island Group,

2 Banahaw 14.06038 121.48803 Cagayan in Luzon

3 Biliran (Anas) 11.63268 124.47162 Leyte in Visayas
4 Bud Dajo 6.01295 121.05772 Sulu in Mindanao
5 Bulusan 12.76853 124.05445 Sorsogon, Bicol Region
6 Cabalian 10.27986 125.21598 Southern Leyte in
7 Cagua 18.22116 122.1163 Cagayan in Luzon
8 Camiguin de Babuyanes 18.83037 121.86280
Babuyan Island Group,
9 Didicas 19.07533 122.20147
10 Hibok-hibok 9.20427 124.67115 Cagayan in Camiguin in
11 Iraya 20.46669 122.01078 Batan Island, Batanes in

21
Item No. Name of Latitude Longitude Province
12 Iriga 13.45606 123.45479 Camarines Sur in Luzon
13 Isarog 13.65685 123.38087 Camarines Sur in Luzon
14 Kanlaon 10.41129 123.13243 Negros Oriental
15 Leonard Kniaseff 7.39359 126.06418 Davao del Norte
16 Makaturing 7.64371 124.31718 Lanao del Sur
17 Matutum 6.36111 125.07603 Cotabato in Mindanao
18 Mayon 13.25519 123.68615 Albay, Bicol Region in
19 Musuan (Calayo) 7.87680 125.06985 Bukidnon in Mindanao
South Cotabato/General
20 Parker 6.10274 124.88879
Santos/ North Mindanao
Boundaries of Pampanga,
21 Pinatubo 15.14162 120.35084
Tarlac and
22 Ragang 7.69066 124.50639 Lanao del Sur and

23 Smith 19.53915 121.91367 Cotabato in

24 Taal 14.01024 120.99812 Batangas in Luzon

22
 What’s More
In the figure below, trace where most volcanoes are located. Also identify which plate
tectonic boundaries display most of volcanic formations.

Source: www.researchgate.com

23
 Identify the active and potentially active volcanoes located in Luzon, Visayas, and
Mindanao.

24
 What I Have Learned

1. Identify the active volcanoes across the Philippine archipelago. Which among the
three major island groups in the Philippines (Luzon, Visayas, Mindanao) has the
greatest number of active volcanoes? Potentially active volcanoes?
2. In the global scale, is there a relationship between the formation of volcanoes and the
tectonic plates? Briefly describe their relationship.

What I Can Do
1. Identify the top 10 most active volcanoes in the Philippines. Cite where each of these
volcanoes are located.
2. Identify at least 10 active volcanoes across the globe (exclude Philippine volcanoes).
Identify the specific tectonic plate or boundary it is located.

Assessment
Multiple Choice. Choose the correct answer among the given options on each item. Write
your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following theories states that the Earth’s outer layer is broken into large
slowly moving pieces?
a. Big Bang Theory
b. Gravitational Theory
c. Plate Tectonics Theory
d. Theory of Relativity
2. Which two continents can fit like a puzzle?
a. Africa and South America
b. Asia and North America
c. Asia and South America
d. Australia and South Africa

25
 3. The theory of plate tectonics combines which two other theories?
a. Continental Drift and Big Bang Theory
b. Continental Drift and Fossil Theory
c. Seafloor Spreading and Continental Drift
d. Seafloor Spreading and Tidal Theory
4. The theory of plate tectonics helps explain which of the following?
a. extinction of dinosaurs
b. layers of the atmosphere
c. symbiotic relationship of plants and animals
d. movement of continents and occurrence of volcanoes and earthquakes
5. How are plate tectonics and volcanoes related?
a. They have nothing to do with one another.
b. Volcanoes are formed near where plates collide and in the ocean.
c. Volcanoes are not formed where plates collide, but do form in the oceans.
d. Volcanoes are formed near where plates collide and are not formed anywhere
else.

True or False: Identify whether the statement is true or false. Write your answers on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. Mt. Apo is considered an active volcano.

2. Mt. Pulag is the highest peak in the Philippines.
3. Mt. Mayon is considered one of the most active volcanoes in the Philippines
4. Mt. Pinatubo eruption is the one of the most destructive volcanic eruptions recorded
in the Philippines.
5. Among the major islands in the Philippines, Luzon has the greatest number of
volcanoes.
6. Volcanoes can be formed anywhere.
7. Volcanoes can be formed in tectonic plate boundaries.
8. Volcanoes are evenly distributed across the globe.
9. Volcanoes are formed only in the continental crust.
10. More than a quarter of the total active volcanoes on Earth are found along the Pacific
Ring of Fire.

26
 Additional
Activity
On the world map, mark at least ten locations where notable volcanoes
the globe. Use your own printed world map. are found across

Source:

27
 Unit Assessment
1. Which of the following is expected to form parallel to a trench?
a. hot spot b. ocean ridge c. rift valley d. volcanic arc
2. Which type of volcano is characterized by tall, cone-shaped mountains in which layers of
lava alternate with layers of ash.
a. Cinder-cone volcano
b. Composite volcano
c. Shield volcano
d. Stratovolcano
3. Which of the following theories states that the Earth’s outer layer is broken into large
slowly moving pieces?
a. Big Bang Theory
b. Gravitational Theory
c. Plate Tectonics Theory
d. Theory of Relativity
4. What is the name of the Mesozoic supercontinent that consisted of all the present
continents?
a. Eurasia
b. Gondwanaland
c. Laurasia
d. Pangaea
5. Which two continents can fit like a puzzle?
a. Africa and South America
b. Asia and North America
c. Asia and South America
d. Australia and South Africa
6. Earthquakes and volcanoes are most likely found in which location?
a. In the oceans
b. At plate boundaries
c. In the middle of plates
d. In the middle of the continents

28
7. What evidence did Alfred Wegener have for his theory of Continental Drift?
a. He had no evidence.
b. Through observations.
c. He explained how continents moved apart.
d. He knew that plant and animal fossils, as well as rock layers, matched on the two
continents of Africa and South America.
8. The theory of plate tectonics combines which two other theories?
a. Continental Drift and Big Bang Theory
b. Continental Drift and Fossil Theory
c. Seafloor Spreading and Continental Drift
d. Seafloor Spreading and Tidal Theory
9. Which of the following describes the Pacific Ring of Fire?
a. Mr. Wegener’s favorite Song
b. Any area on a plate boundary with a volcano
c. The cause of most of the Earthquakes on the world
d. An area with lots of seismic and volcanic activities around the Pacific Plate
10. The theory of plate tectonics helps explain which of the following?
a. extinction of dinosaurs
b. layers of the atmosphere
c. symbiotic relationship of plants and animals
d. movement of continents and occurrence of volcanoes and earthquakes
11. What is Pangaea?
a. A deep-ocean trench
b. The name a dinosaur fossil
c. A microorganism that grows at hydrothermal vents
d. A single continent that existed 250 million years ago
12. What are tectonic plates composed of?
a. Oceanic crust and mountains
b. The outer core and the mantle
c. Continental crust and the upper mantle
d. Continental and/oceanic crust plus a small part of the upper mantle

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13. Which of the following describes the convection current?
a. Hot magma rises and is cooled and sinks again to be heated.
b. Cold magma rises and is heated and sinks again to be cooled.
c. Volcanoes pull the magma out of the Earth and it becomes lava.
d. The Earth spins and not all of the magma spins at the same rate.
14. What is volcanic lava?
a. Ash that is spewed out onto Earth’s surface.
b. Gas clouds created by volcanoes.
c. Molten rock deep in the Earth’s crust.
d. Magma bursts through into Earth’s surface as a bright angle liquid.
15. How are plate tectonics and volcanoes related?
a. They have nothing to do with one another.
b. Volcanoes are formed near where plates collide and in the ocean.
c. Volcanoes are not formed where plates collide, but do form in the oceans.
d. Volcanoes are formed near where plates collide and are not formed anywhere else.

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Answer Key

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References
Bagley, Mary. 2018. Volcano Facts and Types of Volcanoes. Accessed Online, Available at:
Accessed 22 June 2020

Delos w of Historical Eruption at Taal

Volcano, Southern Luzon, Philippines. Accessed Online, Available at
2020 Accessed 22 Ju

Dorward, Lisa. 2018. Classification of Volcanoes. Accessed Online, Available at

Accessed 22 June 2020
Oskin, ed Online, Available at:

Spreading - Dive & Discover". 2020. Dive & Discover. Accessed

Online, Available at

Drift And Seafloor Spreading - Dive & Discover. [online]

Available at: <https://divediscover.whoi.edu/history-of-oceanography/continental-drift-and-
seafloor-spreading/> Accessed 26 June 2020

tectonics/lesson/
https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/ring-
t=Ring

volcanoes-are-lo
Accessed 22 June 2020
n.d. [on
Accessed 22

of-the-philippine

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