NOT

10
Mathematics
Quarter 3 - Module 7
Probability of a Union of Two Events

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Mathematics- Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 - Module 7: Probability of a Union of Two Events
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work
of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or
office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.
Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of
royalty.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from
their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim
ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis-Briones, PhD Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio, PhD
Development Team of the Module
Author/s: Charmaine P. Yonson
Reviewers: Rhodel A. Lamban, PhD
Elbert R. Francisco, PhD
Samson C. Gaje
Merlyn L. Brigoli
Illustrator and Layout Artist: Charmaine P. Yonson

Management Team
Chairperson: Arturo B. Bayocot, PhD, CESO III
Regional Director

Co-Chairpersons: Victor G. De Gracia Jr., PhD, CESO V

Asst. Regional Director

Randolph B. Tortola, PhD, CESO IV

Schools Division Superintendent

Shambaeh A. Usman, PhD

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

Mala Epra B. Magnaong, Chief ES-CLMD

Neil A. Improgo, EPS-LRMS
Bienvenido U. Tagolimot, Jr., PhD, EPS-ADM

Members Elbert R. Francisco, PhD, Chief ES-CID

Rhodel A. Lamban, PhD, EPS Mathematics
Rejynne Mary L. Ruiz, PhD, LRMDS Manager
Jeny B. Timbal, PDO II
Shella O. Bolasco, Division Librarian II
Printed in the Philippines by
Department of Education – Division of Bukidnon
Office Address: Fortich Street, Sumpong, Malaybalay City
Telephone: (088) 813-363
E-mail Address: bukidnon@deped.gov.ph

10
Mathematics
Quarter 3 - Module 7
Probability of a Union of Two Events

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed

by educators from public and private schools, colleges, and or/universities.
We encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to email their
feedback, comments, and recommendations to the Department of Education
at bukidnon@deped.gov.ph.

We value your feedback and recommendations.

Department of Education-Division of Bukidnon ● Republic of the Philippines

 Table of Contents

PAGE

COVER PAGE

COPYRIGHT PAGE

TITLE PAGE

TABLE OF CONTENTS

WHAT THIS MODULE IS ABOUT

Note to the Teacher/Facilitator

Note to the Learner
Note to the Parents/Guardian
Module Icons

WHAT I NEED TO KNOW 1

WHAT I KNOW(PRETEST) 2

LESSON 1: PROBABILITY OF A UNION OF TWO EVENTS 4

What I Need to Know 4

What I know 4
What’s in 5
What’s New 5
What Is It 7
What’s More 10
What I Have Learned 11
What I Can Do 12
Assessment 12
Additional Activities 13

SUMMARY 14

POSTTEST 15

ANSWER KEY 17

REFERENCES 18
WHAT THIS MODULE IS ABOUT
This module will enable the learners to independently provide visual structure of
certain given events together with its operations on the union and intersections of these
events. The attainment of the main goal of this module was made possible through the
appropriate and currently applicable activities formulated by the author to cater the
needs of the learners. The necessary details and sufficient discussions needed for the
learners to successfully answer all the conditioning exercises were logically provided in
this paper so that the relevant concept for this module will be totally mastered.
Notes to the Teacher/Facilitator
To the teachers, this module is designed to let the learners learn by themselves
at times like this crisis that face to face instruction at school cannot be possible. We are
responsible to take precautionary measures in ensuring quality education for our
learners. It is the ultimate dream in the Department of Education that no learners must
be left behind and so realizing this in this unstable situation due to COVID-19 pandemic
become even more challenging. But it our oath made that at all times, quality education
must be accessible to all no matter how demanding this could be.
In this module, you will be teaching the learners the probability of a union of two
events. Used the different activities provided here to motivate and challenge the
learners to continue learning and be able to adopt the new normal in the field of
education nowadays.
Notes to the Parents/Guardians
To the parents/guardians, this module is for our learners to independently learn
the probability of a union of two events. Various tasks are provided here to allow them
to fully develop the needed knowledge and skills. Let’s be reminded that education for
our learners has never been just the work of the school or teachers but it’s always a
combine effort of the school and society. Thus, we must actively participate the mission
and vision of the Department of Education especially at this time where every single
serious attempt to nurture the learning capacity of our learners is vital.
Notes to the Learners
To the learners, this module talks about the probability of a union of two events.
To be able to understand the topic, this module is made easy for your convenience but
the learning you’ll get is sure and compact. The demand of the world to quality
education must not be sacrificed at this crisis for if it will happen, it is your future and
the future of our nation that will be renounced. The Department of Education has been
doing all possible means to deal with the current situation the country has been facing
of. Making sure that your education won’t be left behind amidst this pandemic.
Administrators, teachers, stakeholders and parents had been working hand in hand to
make leaning feasible to the majority. Now, it is in your hand to take part of these
efforts and campaign by simply conscientiously reading and answering this module. Do
it with honest convection that education is not solely about how teachers provide
instructions but it also rely on the commitment of every learner to expand what they
have learned, understood what confused them, and acquire information and
knowledge new to them.
Good luck and God bless learners!
Icons of this Module
This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
What the module.
I
Need
to
Know
This part includes an activity that aims to
What I Know check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

This is a brief drill or review to help you link

What’s In the current lesson with the previous one.

In this portion, the new lesson will be

What’s New introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

This section provides a brief discussion of the

What is It lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

This comprises activities for independent

What’s More practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

This includes questions or blank

What I Have Learned sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

This section provides an activity which will

What I Can Do help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

This is a task which aims to evaluate your

Assessment level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

In this portion, another activity will be given to

Additional Activities you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

This contains answers to all activities in the

Answer Key module.
 References This contains all the sources which helped in
the formulation of the module.

What I Need to Know

This Quarter 3 - Module 7 is all about the probability of a union of two events.
Certain competency and subtask are provided below.

Competency:

Illustrates the probability of a union of two events.

(Code: M10SP-IIIg-1)

Subtasks/Objectives:

At the end of the week, the students are expected to:

1. define probability;

2. define union of two events; and

3. illustrates the probability of a union of two events.

How to Learn from this Module

To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:
• Take your time reading the lessons carefully.

• Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises

diligently.

• Answer all the given tests and exercises

1
 What I Know

Direction: Read each item carefully and choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. It is defined as a ratio of how many times an event may occur as compared to
the total possible outcomes.
A. Chances B. Probability C. Union of events D. Statistics

2. When choosing an “Ace” from a standard deck of cards, the probability is ___.
A. B. C. D.

3. The sum of the probability of getting a head and the probability of getting a tail
when tossing a coin once is equal to ____.
A. 1 B. C. D. 0

4. The school principal decided to repaint the school administration building. The
school custodian present four available paint colors to choose from (green,
neon pink, yellow and royal blue). What is the probability that the school
principal will choose green?
A. B. C. D.

5. In an urn, there are 20 balls in which 4 of these are in color blue, 5 are on
color orange, 8 are in color violet and 3 are in color red. What is the probability
of getting orange when ask to draw one ball from the urn?
A. B. C. D.

6. (from # 5) If A is an event of red balls and B is an event of violet balls, find

A. B. C. D.

7. What is the probability of picking two spade cards or two face cards?
A. B. C. D.

8. In tossing a coin twice, what is the probability of getting one or two heads?
A. 1 B. C. D.

For numbers 9 to 11, please refer your answers on the figures provided below.
 Figure 1.

9. What is the probability of event A to happen ( )?

2
A. B. C. D.

10. What is the probability of event B to happen ( )?

A. B. C. D.

11. Find .

A. B. C. D.

12. Given two events Y and Z. If the and the , then this
means that _____.
A. the events are not mutually exclusives.
B. .

C. both events satisfied the condition that .

D. the events are intersecting at some point.

13. Given to events A and B. If the and , then this implies

that ______.
A. the events are mutually exclusives.
B. both events have probability of less than 1.
C. the events are intersecting.
D. both events satisfied the condition which states that .

14. In a Teachers’ Division Seminar for the new normal set-up in school opening
via zoom, 90 school heads joined. 53 of the school heads voted for modular
class as an alternative way of delivering lessons to the learners (event A) and
70 voted for online class (event B). Find the probability that school heads
voted online class only?
A. B. C. D.
 Figure 2.

15. A spinner in figure 2 is equally divided into 8 parts and numbered from 1 to 8.
Let and . What is ?

A. B. C. D. 0

3
 Probability of a Union of Two
Lesson Events
1
What I Need to Know

This Quarter 3 - Module 7 is all about Probability of a Union of Two Events.

In this module you expected to develop competency on the ability to illustrate the
probability of a union of two events. To complete this goal, you just have to
accomplish certain subtasks. First, you need to define what is meant by the word
“probability”. Second, you need to determine union of two events. And lastly, you
need to demonstrate the probability of a union of two events.
All these three subtasks are provided with appropriate and current activities to
entice your interest so you will be able to successfully go through this module with
full understanding on the main concept on Probability of a Union of Two Events.

What I Know

Direction: Identify the correct answer of the following questions.

1. When choosing an “Ace” and a “King” from a standard deck of cards, the
probability is __________.

Answer: _________________________________________
2. The sum of the probability obtained in all possible outcomes when throwing a
die is equal to ____.

Answer: _________________________________________
3. In an urn, there are 10 balls in which 3 of these are in color blue, 2 are on
color orange, and 5 are in color violet. What is the probability of getting orange
when ask to draw one ball from the urn?

Answer: _________________________________________
4. (from # 3) If A is an event of blue balls and B is an event of violet balls, find

Answer: _________________________________________
5. What is the probability of picking one heart cards or one face cards?

Answer: _________________________________________
6. In tossing a coin twice, what is the probability of getting two tails?

Answer: _________________________________________
4
 7. In an English alphabet, what is the probability of getting a vowel letter when
you’ll be asked to pick one?

Answer: _________________________________________
8. In a word MERCY, what is the probability of event B to happen ( )? When
B is an event of obtaining a non-vowel letter.

Answer: _________________________________________
9. Find , when A is the event of the word PRAYERS and B is an event
of the word WONDROUS.

Answer: _________________________________________
10. In a set of natural numbers less than 10, when you’ll be asked to pick one,
what is the probability of getting a prime number?

Answer: _________________________________________

What’s In

In the previous module, you have been taught of illustrating events, together
with its types and its basic operation on union and intersection. You were able to
define event and were also able to identify what type of event applied in a scenario
given. Items on finding the union and intersection of events were also given which
surely you had successfully answered making you able to proceed in this next
module. Those items will be very useful to easily understand what this module all
about.
After being able to know the union of say event A and B, your next task would
be to know the probability that such union would happen.
Be ready to learn and enjoy as you go along with this module.

What’s New

Let’s explore
For the 40th day of enhanced community quarantine at Barangay Santa Rita
due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Athena tried to prepare breakfast. But she is having
hard time in choosing what flavor of can goods is she going to open for meal.
If you can still perfectly remember, you helped her choose her viand of the
day.
You now know that what Athena picked and cooked as viand of the day is an
example of an event.

Now, lets’ do this.

 What is the probability
that each can will be
chosen?

 How will the answer be

obtained?
5
  How about the probability
of Athena’s viand of the
day be any can goods or
a hotdog?

 Is there a chance that

Athena would choose an
egg or a canton noodles?

Let’s try this

Identify the correct answer in each of the questions base on the figures
provided.
For numbers 1 to 5.

1. Describe event A.
……………………………………………
2. Describe event B.
……………………………………………
3. Is ? Explain your answer
shortly.
……………………………………………
4. What is ? How about ?
……………………………………………
5. Find .

For numbers 6 to 10.

6. Describe event X.
……………………………………………
7. Describe event Y.
……………………………………………
8. Is ? Explain your answer
shortly.
……………………………………………
9. What is ? How about ?
……………………………………………
10. Find .

6
 For numbers 11 to 15.

11. Describe U.
……………………………………………
12. Describe event M and N.
……………………………………………
13. Is ? Explain your answer
shortly.
……………………………………………
14. What is ? How about ?
……………………………………………
15. Find .

What Is It

It is defined as a ratio of Example 1:

Probability how many times an event In an experiment of
may occur as compared to tossing a coin twice, what is
the total possible outcomes. the probability that a tail
Probability of an event would come out?
P(M) is equal to the total Solution:
number of desired event (M) Let P(M) be the
divided by the total number of probability of getting a tail,
possible outcomes (L). M be total number of
desired event, and L be the
total number of possible
outcomes.
Note:
M = 1 (in tossing a coin
once, only 1 tail is
 the outcome)
 The sum of the L=2 (head and tail)
probabilities of all
outcomes is equal to 1. (substitute the
(Example: In flipping a die once, obtain values)
the possible outcomes are 6. Thus,
each outcome has a probability of .
or 0.5

Adding all these probabilities ( If the answer has to be

converted into percentage
) would result
form, then 0.5 has to be
to 1.) multiplied by 100.

7
 Thus, or 50% is the
probability of getting a tail in
an experiment of tossing a
coin.
Example 2:
What is the probability of getting a 5 when rolling a regular die once?
Solution:
Let P(X) - be the probability of getting a 5 when rolling a die once.
X - be the total number of desired event.
Z - be the total number of possible outcomes.

X=1 (since in a regular die, only one face has a 5 dots mark)
Z=6 (since in a regular die has 6 faces)

Thus, or 16.67% is the probability of getting

5 when rolling a regular die once.
4

Given two events M and Example:

N, the union of these two If given that events
Union of two events events is the elements which &
are found in M, in N or in
,
Both M and N.
then
In symbol, .
.
To illustrate. . .
Note:
The word or here means
one or the other, or both.

Take note that in listing

the elements in the union of
two events, the common
elements have to be listed
once only.
 Given two events M and Example 1:
Probability of a N, the probability of a union In the previous
Union of two of these two events (which example we have
Events can be written as ) &
is equal to the sum of the .
probability of event M and the
probability of event
8 N minus Find .
the probability of (the Solution:
Event M has 6
elements occurring to both
elements; event N has 5
events). In this case it is
elements: and the total
assume that M and N are not
number of elements is 11.
mutually exclusive events, in
other words .

In symbol,
.

Note:
If these two events (M
and N) are mutually
exclusive, then
.
So, ,
(Example: Tossing a coin once, L is
an event of getting head and M is .
an event of getting tail. Here, there
is no chance that the outcome will At this point, we have
be of both event making to take note that
empty, thus . And so,
, meaning there
.
are elements common to
, one head out of 2 both events (as illustrated
possible outcome in the figure above).
one tail out of 2
Now, how many
elements found in ?
possible outcome
and so

) .
Substituting the values
obtained in the equation
below, then

Thus, the probability of

 a union of events M and N
is . In symbol,

.
Example 2:
In an experiment of drawing a card from a regular deck of cards, what is
the probability of drawing a heart or a face card.
Solution:
Let M be an event with heart cards and N be an event with face cards.
Note that the total number of cards in a regular deck of cards is 52.
M = 13 cards (since there are 13 heart cards out of 52) and so,
9

N = 12 cards (since there are 12 face cards out of 52) and so,

Note that in this case, , meaning the two events are not
mutually exclusives. Why?

Elements common to
both events.

It can be seen from the figure that, , making .

Substituting the values obtained above in the equation
, then

Therefore, .
 What’s More

Let’s do this
Define shortly but concisely the terms listed below and provide simple
illustration to help define the terms. Make use of your own words in
constructing your answers.
1. Probability

2. Union of two Event

3. Probability of a Union of two Events

10

What I Have Learned

Provide the illustration needed in each items to answer the all sub-questions
which follow.
1. Draw a Venn diagram. Let Z be an event of natural numbers, let A be an
event of natural numbers greater than or equal to 5 but less than 25 and let B
be an event of natural numbers greater than or equal to 15 but less than 35.

1.1. What does Z in the Venn diagram represent?

_________________________________________________________________
1.2. Find .
_________________________________________________________________
1.3. Find .
_________________________________________________________________
 1.4. Find .
_________________________________________________________________

2. Draw a Venn diagram. Let X be the event of red cards in a standard deck of
cards and let Y be the event of face cards.

2.1. What is the universal set?

_________________________________________________________________
2.2. Find .
_________________________________________________________________
2.3. Find .
_________________________________________________________________
2.4. Find .
_________________________________________________________________

11
What I Can Do

At this point, you will be challenged again to formulate your own real life
problem in which the application of the topic on the probability of a union of two
events can be seen. After formulating your problem, identify the universal set, the
events and the union of events.

Assessment

Given the following scenario, provide the Venn diagram to illustrate the probability
of a union of two events.
1. U = {x: x is a natural number less than 20}
A = {y: y is an odd number less than 20}
B = {z: z is a prime number}
2. U = {x: x is a letter in an English alphabet}
A = {y: y is a consonant letter}
B = {z: z is a letter in the word “FOREVER”}

12
3. A = {x: x is even number less than 11}
B = {y: y is an odd number less than or equal to 11}

4. U = The Milky Way.

A = The Solar System
B = The Stars in the Milky Way
 Additional Activity

In this section, you are challenge to formulate your own story based on
the figure provided below. The application on the probability of a union of two
events has to be applied.

Summary 13

Probability
It is defined as a ratio of how many times an event may occur as
compared to the total possible outcomes.
Probability of an event P(M) is equal to the total number of desired
event (M) divided by the total number of possible outcomes (L).

Note:

o
o The sum of the probabilities of all outcomes is equal to 1.

Union of Two Events

Given two events M and N, the union of these two events is the
elements which are found in M, in N or in Both M and N

In symbol,
.

Note:
 o The word or here means one or the other, or both.

Probability of a Union of Two Events

Given two events M and N, the probability of a union of these two
events (which can be written us ) is equal to the sum of the probability
of event M and the probability of event N minus the probability of (the
elements occurring to both events). In this case it is assume that M and N are
not mutually exclusive events, in other words .

In symbol,
.

Note:
If these two events (M and N) are mutually exclusive, then
.

14

Assessment: (Post-Test)

Direction: Read each item carefully and choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. When choosing an “Red Ace” from a standard deck of cards, the probability is
_____.
A. B. C. D.

2. The sum of the probability of getting two heads and the probability of getting
two tails when tossing a coin twice is equal to ____.
A. B. C. D.

3. A ratio of how many times an event may occur as compared to the total
possible outcomes.
A. Chances B. Statistics C. Union of events D. Probability

4. In an urn, there are 15 balls in which 4 of these are in color blue, 3 are on
color orange, 3 are in color violet and 5 are in color red. What is the probability
of getting blue ball when ask to draw one ball from the urn?
 A. B. C. D.

5. (from # 5) If A is an event of red balls and B is an event of blue balls, find

A. B. C. D.

6. The school principal decided to repaint the school administration building. The
school custodian present four available paint colors to choose from (green,
neon pink, yellow, neon red and royal blue). What is the probability that the
school principal will choose green?
A. B. C. D.

7. What is the probability of picking three spade face cards or two red cards?
A. B. C. D.

8. Given two events Y and Z. If the and the , then this

means that _____.
A. the events are not mutually exclusives.
B. .

C. both events satisfied the condition that .

D. the events are intersecting at some point.

For numbers 9 to 10, please

refer your answers on the figures
provided below.

Figure 1.

9. What is the probability of the complement of event A to happen?

15
A. B. C. D.

10. What is the probability of ?

A. B. C. D.

11. In tossing a coin thrice, what is the probability of getting one or two heads?
A. 1 B. C. D.

12. Given to events A and B. If the and , then this implies

that ______.
 A. the events are mutually exclusives.
B. both events have probability of less than 1.
C. the events are intersecting.
D. both events satisfied the condition which states that .

13. In a Teachers’ Division Seminar for the new normal set-up in school opening
via zoom, 90 school heads joined. 53 of the school heads voted for modular
class as an alternative way of delivering lessons to the learners (event A) and
70 voted for online class (event B). Find the probability that school heads
voted modular class only?
A. B. C. D.

Figure 2.

14. A spinner in figure 2 is equally divided into 8 parts and numbered from 1 to 8.
Let and . What is the probability of hitting prime
number?
A. 0 B. C. D.

15. In a wedding, there are a total of 500 attendees. 380 of the attendees are
friends of the bride. 330 of the attendees are friends of the groom. What is the
probability that an attendee is both bride and groom’s friends?
A. B. C. D.

Key to Answers 16
17
 References

Calanta, Melvin, Canonigo, Allan, Chua, Arnaldo. Cruz, Jerry, Esparrago,

Mirla, Garcia, Elino, Magnaye, Aries, et. al., mathematics Learner’s Module.
First edution.DepEd-IMCS: Meralco Avenvue, Pasig City, 2015.

https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_introductory-statistics/s07-01-sample-
spaces-events-and-their.html

LumenLeraning, “Computing the Probability of the Union of Two Events”.

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/ivytech-collegealgebra/chapter/cpmputing-
the-probability-of-the-union-of-two-evnts/

Math is Fun, “Probability: Types of Events” accessed May 7, 2020.

https://www.mathisfun.com/data/probability-events-types.html

Math is Fun. “Probability” accessed May 7, 2020.

https://www.mathisfun.com/data/probability.html

MattePlanet, “Probability of Events” accessed May 7, 2020.

https://www.mathplanet.com/education/pre-algebra/probability-and-statistic/
probability-of-event

“Union of Events” accessed May 7, 2020. https://probabilityformula.org/union-

of-events-examples.html

Statistics Libretexts, “Sample Spaces, Events, and Their Probabilities”

accessed May 7, 2020.
https://stats.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Statistics/Book
%3A_Introductory_Statistics_(Shafer_and_Zhang)/
03%3A_Basic_Concepts_of_Probability/3.01%3A_Sample_Spaces
%2C_and_Their_Probabilities
 18

For inquiries and feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education –Learning Resources Management and

Development Center(LRMDC)

DepEd Division of Bukidnon

Sumpong, Malaybalay City, Bukidnon
Telefax: ((08822)855-0048
E-mail Address: bukidnon@deped.gov.ph