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Mathematics
Quarter 3-Week 9
Illustrations of Mutually
Exclusive Events and Solving
Problems Involving Probability

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 10

Mathematics
Quarter 3-Week 9
Illustrations of Mutually
Exclusive Events and Solving
Problems Involving Probability

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 Mathematics – Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 9: Illustrations of Mutually Exclusive Events and Solving Problems
Involving Probability
First Edition, 2021

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: FELISA VERANO SATUITA

Reviewer: MARGIE M. OACAN
Grammarian: BERNADETTE M. MIRANDA
Layout Artist: RYAN B. REDOBLADO
Subject Area Supervisor: OLIVER A. CAMPUGAN
Management Team: RONALD G. GUTAY
ESTELA B. SUSVILLA
MARY JANE J. POWAO,
AQUILO A. RENTILLOSA
CRISTINA T. REMOCALDO
ADM Coordinator: RYAN B. REDOBLADO

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education – Region VII Central Visayas

Office Address: Department of Education – Carcar City Division
(Learning Resources Management Section)
P. Nellas St., Poblacion III, Carcar City, Cebu
Telefax: (032) 487-8495
E-mail Address: carcarcitydivision@yahoo.com

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For the learner:
Welcome to the Mathematics 10 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on
Illustrations of Mutually Exclusive Events and Solving Problems Involving Probability
The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often
used to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn,
create and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies
that you as a learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the
relevant competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic
success lies in your own hands!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and
time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource
while being an active learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:
What I Need to This will give you an idea of the skills or
Know competencies you are expected to learn
in the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims

to check what you already know about
the lesson to take. If you get all the
answers correct (100%), you may decide
to skip this module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you

link the current lesson with the previous
one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such
as a story, a song, a poem, a problem
opener, an activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion

of the lesson. This aims to help you
discover and understand new concepts
and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding
and skills of the topic. You may check
the answers to the exercises using the
Answer Key at the end of the module.
What I Have This includes questions or blank
Learned

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 sentence/paragraph to be filled in to
process what you learned from the
lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which

will help you transfer your new
knowledge or skill into real life
situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate

your level of mastery in achieving the
learning competency.
Additional In this portion, another activity will be
Activities given to you to enrich your knowledge or
skill of the lesson learned. This also
tends retention of learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in

the module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.

2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.

3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.

4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.

6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not
alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

This module deals withthe illustrations of mutually exclusive events and solving
problems involving probability. After going through this module, you are expected to
acquire the following most essential competencies:
(M10SP IIIi-1 to M10SPIIIi-j-1)(Week 9)

1. Illustrate mutually exclusive events,

2. Solve problems involving probability

What I Know

Pre-Assessment
Directions: Find out how much you already know about this module. Choose the letter
of the correct answer.
1. James likes to wear colored shirts. He has 10 shirts in the closet. Three of these
are blue, four are in different shades of red, and the rest are of mixed or different
colors. What is the probability that he will wear a blue or a red shirt?

A. (3/10) + (4/10) B. (3/10) + (7/10) C. (4/10) + (7/10) D. (4/10) – (7/10)

2. A spinner is numbered from 1 to 8. What is the probability of a spin that results in

an even number or an odd number?

A. 0 B. 1 C.4/8 D. 5/8

3. What do call the events that cannot occur at the same time?

A. Dependent events C. Mutually exclusive events

B. Independent events D. Not Mutually exclusive events

4. A die is rolled, what is the probability that it shows a 2 or a 5?

A. 1/6 B. 1/3 C. ½ D. 2/3

5. What is the probability of two mutually exclusive events occurring at the same
time?

A. 0 B. ½ C. ¾ D. 1

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Lesson
Illustrations of
1 Mutually Exclusive Events

In this lesson, you will understand the concepts of events which are mutually
exclusive as well as the not mutually exclusive events.

What’s In

Activity 1: Ops! Remember Me!

The following Venn Diagram below shows the extra – curricular activities of the
Grade 10 students of Roberto E. Sato MNHS.

Math-Sci
Journalism 4 25
10
5
8 10

Sports
30
10

Extra – Curricular Activities of Grade 10 Students

of Roberto E. Sato Memorial National High School

1. How many grade 10 students in Roberto E. Sato MNHS are there?

2. How many students participate in Sports?
3. If a student is randomly chosen, what is the probability that the student
participates in all three activities?

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 What’s New
Activity 2: Taking Chances with Events A and B
Consider the situations below and answer the questions that follow.

A bowl contains 15 chips numbered 1 to 15. If a chip is drawn randomly from the
bowl, what is the probability that it is

a. 5 or a number divisible by 3?

b. even number or a number divisible by 3?

Process Questions:

1. How did you answer each question?

2. What do you notice about the events in a and b?

What is It

The events in activity 2 above shows mutually exclusive and not mutually
exclusive events. Events that cannot occur at the same time are called mutually
exclusive events.

Consider the Venn diagram below. What do you notice about events A and B?
These two events are mutually exclusive. There is no outcome in their sample space
which is common to both events. In other words, there is no intersection between the
two events. They do not share any outcomes.

A B

P(A or B)

If two events, A and B, are mutually exclusive, then the probability that either A
or B occurs is the sum of their probabilities. In symbols,
P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B)

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Situation 1:
Refer to activity 2 letter a. The event of getting a 5 and the event of getting a
number divisible by 3 are mutually exclusive events.Here, the sample space is :{ 1, 2,
3, 4,5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 }.
There is only one outcome in the event of getting 5. Whereas in the event of a
number divisible by 3, there are 5 outcomes in that set { 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 }. As you can
see, there is no outcome common to the two events. So,
P(a 5 or a number divisible by 3) = (1/15) + (5/15) = (6/15) = (2/5)

Situation 2:
Consider a set of numbers from 1 to 10. The event of getting an even number
or the event of getting an odd number are mutually exclusive events. An even number
cannot be an odd number or vice versa. So, the events cannot happen at the same
time.

Situation 3:
If we toss a coin, either heads or tails might turn up,but no heads and tails at
the same time. Similarly, in a single throw of a die, we can only have onenumber
shown at the top face. The numbers on the face are mutually exclusive events. They
cannot happen at the same time.

Situation 4:
The probability of two occurring mutually exclusive events is always equal to
zero. They cannot occur at the same time. The probability of two occurring events
cannot be greater than 1 or 100%.

Look at the Venn diagram below. What can you say about the two events? Events A
and B are not mutually exclusive. There are outcomes which are common to them.
Events A and B have an intersection.

A B

P(A or B)

If two events, A and B, are not mutually exclusive, then the probability
that either A or B occurs is the sum of their probabilities decreased by the
probability of both occurring. In symbols,
P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A and B)

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Situation 5:
Refer to activity 2 letter b. The event of getting an even number or the event of
getting a number divisible by 3 is not mutually exclusive events. There are 7
outcomes of an even number: { 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14}. Whereas, on number divisible
by 3 have 5 outcomes: { 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 }. Do the 2 events have common outcomes?
{ 6, 12 } are their intersections. The two events shared two outcomes. So,
P( even number or a number divisible by 3) = (7/15) + (5/15) – (2/15) = (10/15) = (2/3)

Situation 6:
If a die is rolled, what is the probability that it shows an odd number or a
number less than 5?
Total outcomes in the sample space is 6: { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 }
The number of outcomes on odd number is 3 : { 1, 3, 5 }
The number of outcomes on number less than 5 is 4: { 1, 2, 3, 4 }
Common outcomes of the 2 events is 2: { 1, 3 }
P(odd no. or a no. less than 5) = (3/6) + (4/6) – (2/6) = (5/6)

What’s More
Activity 3: Do You Know Me?

Consider the events/situations/problems below. If it is mutually exclusive events, write

MEE. If not mutually exclusive events, write NME.

__________ 1. Mario has 45 red chips, 12 blue chips, and 24 white chips.
What is the probability that Mario randomly selects a red chip or a
white chip?

To answer numbers 2 – 7, Consider the sample space: { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 }.

Event A: { 1, 2, 3, 4 ] ; Event B: { 5, 6, 7 } ; Event C: { 7, 8 }: Event D: { 2, 4, 6 }

__________ 2. Event A and Event B

__________ 3. Event A and Event C

__________ 4. Event A and Event D

__________ 5. Event B and Event C

__________ 6. Event B and Event D

__________ 7. Event C and Event D

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 What I Have Learned
Activity 4: Do You Get Me?

A box contains 20 colored balls. There are four blue balls, six red balls, five
yellow balls, two green balls and the rest are mixed colored balls. What is the
probability that a ball drawn is

a. blue or yellow?
b. red or mixed?
c. green or red?

What I Can Do
Activity 5: Are We Partners?

Consider the given sample space and events below. Make five pairs of events which
are mutually exclusive events.

Sample Space: { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 }

Event A: { 1, 2, 3 }
Event B: { 3, 4, 5 }
Event C: { 4, 5, 6 }
Event D: { 6, 7, 8, 9 }
Event E: { 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 }
Event F: { 5,10, 11, 12 }

1. Event ____ and Event ____

2. Event ____ and Event ____
3.Event ____ and Event ____
4. Event ____ and Event ____
5.Event ____ and Event ____

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 Assessment

Choose the letter of the correctanswer.

1. If a coin is tossed, what is the probability of getting a head or a tail?

A. ¼ B. ½ C. ¾ D. 1

2. If a die is rolled, what is the probability that it shows a 1 or a 3?

A. ¼ B. 1/3 C. ½ D. 1

3. In a single roll of a die, what is the probability of getting an even number or and
odd number?
A. ¼ B. ½ C. ¾ D. 1

4. A die is cast once. What is the probability of getting either a 6 or a 3?

A. ¼ B. 1/3 C. ½ D. 1

5. Three faces of a die are painted white such that only the odd number faces
remain visible. The die is cast. What is the probability of getting a 1 or a 3 or a
5?
A. ¼ B. 1/3 C. ½ D. 1

6. In a deck of cards, what is the probability of getting a heart face or a diamond

face?

A. ¼ B. 1/3 C. ½ D. 1

7. A die is cast. What is the probability of getting a number less than four or a
number divisible by two?
A. ¼ B. ½ C. 5/6 D. 1

8. In a deck of cards, what is the probability of getting a red card or a face card?
A. 8/13 B. 26/52 C. 12/52 D. 1

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9. Determine the probability of the two events shown in the Venn diagram below.

Event A Event B
1, 5,
2, 6, 3, 7,
10, 8 4 9

Ten balls numbered 1 – 10

A. 4/10 B. 3/10 C. ½ D. 1

10. What kind of events is shown in the Venn diagram on number 9?

A. Dependent Events C. Mutually Exclusive Events
B. Independent Events D. Not Mutually Exclusive Events

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I

Answer Key
1)

What I know What’s in What’s new

Pre-Assessment Activity 1 Activity 2
1. A 1. 102 a. 2/5
2. B 2. 53 or (53/102) b. 2/3
3. C 3. 5/102
4. B
5. A

What’s More What I Have Learned What I can do

Activity 3 Activity 4 Activity 5
1. MEE In any order. Events can be
2. MEE 1. 9/20 interchanged in each pair
3. MEE 2. 9/20 1. A & C
4. NME 3. 2/5 2. A & d
5. NME 3. B & D
Assessment
6. NME 4. A & F
1. D 6. C
7. MEE 5. D & F
2. B 7. C

3. D 8. A

4. B 9. D

5. D 10. D

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References

Mathematics 10 Learners Module and Teachers Guide

www.onlinemathlearning.com; www.AceMyMathCourse.com

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Carcar City Division (Learning Resources

Management Section)

P. Nellas St., Poblacion III, Carcar City, Cebu, Philippines 6019

Tel. No. (032) 4878495

Email Address: carcarcitydivision@yahoo.com

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