PRE-ASSESSMENT

1. Which of the following DOES NOT

belong to the group?
a. Chance
b. Interpretation
c. Possibilities
d. Uncertainty
2. All the possible outcomes that can occur
when a coin is tossed twice are listed in
the box. What is the probability of having
a head?
HH TH a. ¼
HH TH
b. ½
TT HT c. ¾
d. 1
3. The local weather forecast said that there is
a 20% chance of rain tomorrow. What is the
probability that it will not rain tomorrow?

a. 0.2
b. 0.8
c. 20
d. 80
4. A balance die is rolled. What is the probability
of rolling a number that is not 3?

a. 0/6 or 0
b. 1/6
c. 5/6
d. 6/6 or 1
5. Which of the following is TRUE?

a. Answering a true or false type question

has one possible outcome.
b. Flipping a coin trice has 3 possible outcomes.
c. The probability of getting a head when a coin
is tossed can be expressed as ½, 0.5 of 50%?
d. The probability of rolling 7 in a die is 1/7.
EX P E R I ME N T
P E T S E I
E M N X R A
 E V E N T
A E N T V E
B W T X M N
S A MP L E S P AC E
A E P A M E
S P T S L C
G A MB L E
A Y L S E
N M G E B
 C H A N C E
N E C S C I
E M N A H L
O U T C OME
E T C S O
O M N A U
 C A R D S
R O C S D A
A N T L L Y
 experiment
event gamble

PROBABILITY
chance
cards
outcome
guessin predicti
g ng
chanc
e

probabili
 OBJECTIVES :
- illustrates an experiment, outcome,
sample space and event .
M8GE-IVf-1
- counts the number of occurrences of an
outcome in an experiment.
M8GE-IVf-g-1
- finds the probability of a simple event.
M8GE-IVh-1
Chevalier de Méré
The Dice Probability Puzzle of the 17th Century
Chevalier de Mere

A Flemish Renaissance gambler which partly

laid the ground of modern probability theory,
dated back to the year 1654.
He systematically tried his luck with two 
dice games.
Blaise
 Blaise Pascal (1623 – 1662) 
A French mathematician, scientist,
religious philosopher and writer who was
an influential contributor to all of these
fields.
He was a pioneer of the modern theory
of probability, which is regarded his most
influential contribution to mathematics.
Pierre de
 Piere de Fermat

Fermat made contributions in many

areas of mathematics, such as probability
theory, analytic geometry, optics, and
infinitesimal calculus.
He was the inventor of modern number
theory, and this was where a lot of his
work was concentrated. 
 Definitions
Probability is the mathematics of chance.

It tells us the relative frequency with which we can

expect an event to occur

The greater the probability the more

likely the event will occur.

It can be written as a fraction, decimal, percent,

or ratio.
 Definitions
Probability is the numerical 1 Certain
measure of the likelihood that
the event will occur. 0.75 Likely

Value is between 0 and 1. 0.5 Even Chance

Sum of the probabilities 0.25 Unlikely

of all events is 1.

0 Impossible
BASIC
CONCEPT IN
PROBABILITY
Experiment
- an action where the
result is uncertain.
Throwing a die
Tossing a coin
Drawing a deck of
cards
Event
- a single result of an experiment.
Throwing a single die
- getting an even number

Tossing a coin
- getting a head
Drawing a deck of cards
- getting the faces of cards
Outcome
- possible result in a probability
experiment.
Throwing a single die
- how many possible outcomes?
6 possible outcomes
Tossing a coin
- how many possible outcomes?
2 possible outcomes
Drawing a deck of cards
- how many possible outcomes?
52 possible
outcomes
Sample space
- set of all possible
outcomes.
Throwing a single die
S = {1,2,3,4,5,6}
Tossing a coin
S = {H, T}
Drawing a deck of cards
S = {Heart: A,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10, J, Q,K
Diamond: A,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10, J, Q,K
Clover ： A, 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10, J, Q,K
Spade : A,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10, J, Q,K}
 What is the probability of
getting a “5” with a die?
Experiment: Throwing a single die
Event: Getting “5”
Outcome: 6 possible outcome
Sample Space: S= { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 }

The probability is 1
6
 What is the probability of getting
an even number with a single die?
Experiment: Throwing a single die
Event: Getting/rolling an even number
Outcome: 6 possible outcomes
Sample Space: S= { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 }
The probability is 3 or
1
6 2
 What Is The Probability Of Getting Hearts In A
Deck Of Cards?
Experiment: Drawing a deck of cards
Event: Getting of hearts in a deck of cards
Outcome: 52 possible outcomes
SampleSpace: S = {Heart: A,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10, J,
Q,K
Diamond: A,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10, J, Q,K
Clover ： A, 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10, J,
Q,K
is 13: A,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
The probability Spade or 1 J, Q,K}
52 4
 Each of the letters “G-O-O-D-B-Y-E” is
written on a card. A card is chosen at
random from the bag. What is the
probability of getting the letter “O”

Experiment: A card is chosen at random from

the bag
Event: Getting the letter “O”
Outcome: 7 possible outcomes
Sample Space: S= {G,O,O,D,B,Y,E}

The probability is 2
7
P(E) = number of favorable outcomes
total number of possible outcomes
Experiment: A card is chosen at random from
the bag
Event: Getting the letter “O”
Outcome: 7 possible outcomes
Sample Space: S= {G,O,O,D,B,Y,E}

P(E) = 2
7
 STEPS
Step 1: list the outcomes of the
experiment
Step 2: count the number of possible
outcomes of the experiment
Step 3: count the number of
favorable outcomes
Step 4: use the probability of simple
event formula
 Alex wants to know the probability of
getting an odd number when she
throws a die.
Experiment: When the time that Alex throws a die.

Event: getting an odd number

Outcome: 6 possible outcomes

Sample Space: S= {1,2,3,4,5,6}

 Alex wants to know the probability of
getting an odd number when she
throws a die.
Step 1: list the outcomes of the experiment
= 1,2,3,4,5,6
Step 2: count the number of possible outcomes of the
experiment = 6

Step 3: count the number of favorable outcomes

a total of 3 and these are
1,3,5
Step 4: number of favorable outcomes 3 or 1
total number of possible outcomes 6 2
GROUP
ACTIVITY
 Group 1: A letter from the word Philippines is
randomly chosen. What is the probability that it is letter
P?
Step 1: list the outcomes of the experiment
= P-H-I-L-I-P-P-I-N-
Step 2: E-S
count the number of possible outcomes of the
experiment = 11

Step 3: count the number of favorable outcomes

= 3
Step 4: number of favorable outcomes
total number of possible outcomes

=
or 0.27
3
Group 2: A letter from the word Philippines is randomly
chosen. What is the probability that it is a vowel?

Step 1: list the outcomes of the experiment

= P-H-I-L-I-P-P-I-N-
E-S
Step 2: count the number of possible outcomes of the
experiment = 11

Step 3: count the number of favorable outcomes

= 4
Step 4: number of favorable outcomes
total number of possible outcomes

=
or 0.36
4
Group 3: A letter from the word Philippines is randomly
chosen. What is the probability that it is not letter i?

Step 1: list the outcomes of the experiment

= P-H-I-L-I-P-P-I-N-
E-S
Step 2: count the number of possible outcomes of the
experiment = 11

Step 3: count the number of favorable outcomes

= 8
Step 4: number of favorable outcomes
total number of possible outcomes

=
or 0.73
8
Group 4: A letter is chosen at random from the word
MATHEMATICS. What is the probability that it is a vowel?

Step 1: list the outcomes of the experiment

= M-A-T-H-E-M-A-T-I-C-
S
Step 2: count the number of possible outcomes of the
experiment = 11

Step 3: count the number of favorable outcomes

= 4
Step 4: number of favorable outcomes
total number of possible outcomes

=
or 0.36
4
Group 5: A letter is chosen at random from the word
MATHEMATICS. What is the probability that it is not a T?

Step 1: list the outcomes of the experiment

= M-A-T-H-E-M-A-T-I-C-
S
Step 2: count the number of possible outcomes of the
experiment = 11

Step 3: count the number of favorable outcomes

= 9
Step 4: number of favorable outcomes
total number of possible outcomes

=
or 0.82
9
POST
TEST
C
D
A
C
B
A
A
8. What is the probability of choosing a
consonants from the alphabets?

A
9. What is the probability of getting a royal flush
in a deck of cards?

a. 20/52 or 10/27 c. 40/52 or 20/27

b. 16/52 or 8/27 d. 12/52 or 6/27 or 2/9

A
10. What is the probability of getting a tail in
tossing a coin twice?

a. 1/2 b. 1/4 c. 3/4 d.1

c
11. What is the probability of getting a red card
in a deck of cards?

a. 1/2 b. 1/4 c. 3/4 d.1

A
12. What is the probability of getting a
diamond in a deck of cards?

a. 1/2 b. 1/4 c. 3/4 d.1

B
13. What is the probability of getting an even
prime counting numbers from (0 -10)?

a. 6/11 b. 5/11 c. 2/11 d.1/11

D
THANK
YOU!