Union and Intersection of Events

ADDITION RULE
 FORMULA
Consider A and B, two events. Then the probability
of occurrence of either A or B or occurrence of both
is given by:
P (A or B) = P (A) + P (B) - P (A and B)
Or
P (A ∪ B) = P (A) + P (B) - P (A ∩ B)
Where P (A) is the probability of event A, P (B) is
the probability of event B and P (A and B)or ( A
∩B)is the probability of both A and B occurring
simultaneously.
Addition Rule :
When two events, A and B, are non-mutually
exclusive, the probability that A or B will occur
is:
P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A and B)

NOTE:
A B
P (A∪ B)=P (AorB)
P (A∩B)=P (A and B)
The probability that Event A or Event B
occurs is equal to the probability that
Event A occurs plus the probability that
Event B occurs minus the probability that
both Events A and B occur.
P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A ∩B)
EXAMPLE:
1.A basket contains 13 apples numbered 1-13.If
apple is drawn randomly from the basket , what
is the probability that it is:
A.even or divisible by 4
B.divisible by 2 or 3
C.even and divisible by 3
 SOLUTION A:( even or divisible by 4)
P (E∪ F)=P (E)+P (F)-P (E∩F)
P(E)={2, 4, 6, 8, 10,12}
P (E∪ F)=6/13+3/13-3/13
P(E)=6/13
P (E∪ F)=6/13

P(F)={4, 8, 12}
P (F)=3/13

P (E∩F)={4, 8, 12}
P (E∩F)=3/13
 SOLUTION B:( divisible by 2 or 3)

P(E)={2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12} P (E∪ F)=P (E)+P (F)-P(E∩F)

P(E)=6/13 P (E∪ F)=6/13+4/13-2/13
P (E∪ F)=8/13
P(F)={3, 6, 9, 12}
P(F)=4/13

P(E∩F)={6, 12}
P(E∩ F)=2/13
SOLUTION C:(even and divisible by 3)
P(E)={2, 4, 6, 8,10, 12} P (E∪ F)=P (E)+P (F)-P (E∩F)
P(E)=6/13
P (E∪ F)=6/13+4/13-2/13
P(F)={3, 6, 9, 12}
P(F)=4/13 P (E∪ F)=8/13

P(E∩F)={6, 12}
P(E∩F)=2/13