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MATHEMATICS
Quarter 4 – Module 7
Probabilities of Simple Events

NegOr_Q4_Mathematics8_Module7_v2
Mathematics – Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Module 7: Probabilities of Simple Events
Second Edition, 2021

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NegOr_Q4_Mathematics8_Module7_v2
Introductory Message

This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

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check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust
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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process
the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

The module is intended for you to find the probabilities of simple event and to solve
problems involving probabilities of simple events.

What I Know

Pre-test:
Multiple Choice: Choose the letter that best corresponds to item and write it on your Math
Notebook.

1. What is the probability of getting a black diamond in a single draw of a card from an
ordinary deck of playing cards?
A. ¼ B. 0 C. 1/52 D. 1

2. What is the probability of getting a club from a deck of cards?

A. ¼ B. 0 C. 1/52 D. 1

3. Stella is asked to choose a day from a week. What is the probability of choosing a day
which starts with S?
A. 1/7 B. ½ C. 2/7 D. 2

4. If a pregnant woman will give birth to a child, what is the probability that the child is
a male?
A. 1 B. ½ C. 0 D. ¼

5. In a box, there are 4 green balls, 6 blue balls, and 8 red balls. Find the probability of
getting a ball that is not red.
A. 1/3 B. 3/18 C. 5/9 D. 7/9

1 NegOr_Q4_Mathematics8_Module7_v2
 Lesson Probabilities of Simple Events

http://slideplayer.com/slide/2431406/

In a DAMATH competition, the chance to move first is

determined by a coin toss. The player who wins the coin gets the
chance to do the first move.

QUESTIONS:

1. If you were the player, would you choose head or tail? Why?

2. When a coin is tossed, how likely is it to get a head?

3. How is the number of occurrences of an event determined?

4. How does knowledge of finding the likelihood of an event help you in making
decisions?

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 What’s In

Let’s Recall!
Identify the word from the jumbled letters provided, and give its meaning.
1. ILITPYOBARB –
2. TMENEERXPI –
3. MALSEP ESCAP –
4. NETEV –
5. SEALMP INPTO –
6. ALCDINYARIT –
7. ERSU VETEN –
8. SIMOPBILSE EVTEN –
9. PSLEIM ETENV –
10. DUPOMCON VETEN –

What’s New

Let us first go back to the question, when a coin is tossed, how likely is it to get a head?
If the coin is fair, it is equally likely to get a head or tail. There is a 50% chance of getting
a head. Or we say the probability of the event that a head occurs is 1 out of 2 or. In general,
any subset of a sample space is called an event.
What is the probability of the event that a tail occurs?
In a sample space of equally likely outcomes, the probability of an event, denoted as P (E), is
calculated on the basis of favorable outcomes and the number of possible outcomes.

P(E) =

With this in mind, the answer to our question would be: ½

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 What is It

Below are problems involving probability of events, study the following example.

Problem 1:
A box is filled with cubes of different colors. There are 40 white cubes, 24 green, 12
red, 24 golden, and 20 blue cubes. If you have to select a cube without looking into the box,
what is the probability that you will pick a white or a blue cube?

Solution:
Step 1: Identify events for which probability is to be determined.
See that you have to determine probability of 2 events:
(a) Picking a white cube (b) Picking a blue cube

Step 2: Calculate total number of possible outcomes.

Total number of cubes = 40+24+12+24+20 = 120
Step 3: Calculate probability of each event.
Find the probability of picking a white:

P (white) = =

Now find the probability of picking a Blue cube:

P (blue) = =

Step 4: Add probability of each event (if it is required).

Now add the two probabilities together:

P(white or blue) = = =

Thus, the probability that you will pick a white or blue cube is .

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Problem 2:
In a box, there are 4 green balls, 6 blue balls, and 8 red balls. Find the probability of
getting:

a. a blue ball P=

Since we have 18 balls (4 green + 6 blue + 8 red) inside the box, and there are 6 blue balls,
we have P(E)= = = then simplify, we have

P= =

b. a ball that is not red P=

6 blue balls + 4 green balls = 10 balls that are not red, we have P = =

a. a ball that is blue or red P=

6 blue balls + 8 red balls = 14 blue or red balls, we have P = =

Problem 3:
In a box, there are 20 balls numbered from 1 to 20. If a ball is drawn from
the box, find the probability of getting:

a. an even number P=

2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20 a total of 10 even numbers, so that is
P= =

b. a prime number P=

2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, and 19 a total of 8 prime numbers, so P =

c. a number divisible by 3 P=
3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 are all divisible by 3, so that’s P =

Problem 4:
If a letter is to be selected from the word MILLENNIALS, find the
probability that the letter is:
a. a vowel P=
There are 4 vowels (number of favorable outcomes) in the word
MILLENNIALS and it consists of 11 letters (number of possible outcomes), so
P=

a. consonant P=
We have 7 consonants M, L, L, N, N, L, AND S, so P =

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Problem 5:
Presently, there are 38 learners in Grade 8. 22 of them are boys. If a
learner is to be chosen from the class, find the probability that the learner is a:
a. boy P=
There are 22 boys out of 38 learners, so P = =

b. girl P=
38 learners minus 22 boys = 16 girls, so P = =

What’s More

Solve the following probability (No.1, letter a is already done for you):

1. A fair die is rolled. What is the probability of getting

a. an even number?

b. a ‘3’?

c. a number less than 4?

Solution:
a. The even numbers are 2, 4, and 6.

P( even number ) = = =

2. When 2 coins are flipped, what is the probability of getting

a. two heads?

b. at least one head?

c. exactly one tail?

d. at most one tail?

3. A spinner with 8 sectors numbered 1, 2, …, 8 on the right

spun 150 times. If the number “3” occurs 35 times, what is the
probability of getting a “3”? 3 2
4 1
5 8
6 7

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 What I Have Learned

GENERALIZATION:

How to find the probability of a simple event:

P(E) = =
How to solve probability word problems:

1. Identify events for which probability is to be determined.

2. Calculate total number of possible outcomes.
3. Calculate probability of each event.
4. Add probability of each event (if it is required).

Probability Rules:
1. The probability of any event is a number (either a fraction, a decimal,
or a percent) between and including 0 and 1.
2. If an event will never happen, then its probability is 0.
3. If an event is sure to happen then the probability is 1.
4. The sum of the probabilities of all the outcomes in the sample space is
1.

What I Can Do

WILL YOU BUY THAT TICKET?

Present and discuss in a short bond paper the process of answering the questions
below. Your output will be graded according to reasoning, accuracy, and presentation.
Winning the lottery is a dream for many hopeful people. You may know that it’s
unlikely to win, but what does that mean? Well, let’s say that 10,000,000 million people buy
lottery tickets.
a. What are the chances that you will win if you bought 1 ticket?
b. Thinking you can slightly increase your likelihood by purchasing more tickets, but
that would cost you more, will you still buy the tickets? Why?
c. How many tickets will you buy to increase your chance of winning by 50%?

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 Rubrics for your output

Outstanding Satisfactory Developing Beginning

CRITERIA
(4) (3) (2) (1)

Explanation shows
Explanation shows Explanation
Mathematical thorough reasoning Explanation shows
substantial shows illogical
Reasoning and insightful gaps in reasoning.
reasoning. reasoning.
justifications.
All computations Most of the Some of the
All computations
Accuracy are correct and computations are computations
are correct.
shown in detail. correct. are correct.
The presentation is The
The presentation is
written in a very The presentation is presentation is
written in a
convincing written in a clear written in a
disorganized
Presentation manner. manner. clear manner.
manner. Some
Appropriate and Appropriate visual No use of any
visual materials
creative visual materials used. visual
used.
materials used. materials.

Assessment

Post-test:

1. The table shows students distribution per grade in a Provincial Community High School.

Grade Frequency
7 55
8 50
9 45
10 42
11 38

If a student is selected at random from this school, what is the probability that this student
is in Grade 8?

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2. A deck of standard playing cards has 52 cards: 4 suits (heart, club, diamond, and spade).
Each suit has 9 numbers (2 to 10, an ace, a king, a queen, and a jack. Hearts and diamonds
are red cards, clubs and spades are black cards. If a card is drawn, find the probability that
is

a. a diamond.

b. a face card (a king, a queen or a jack).

c. an ace.

3. The blood groups of 200 people are distributed as follows: 50 have type A blood, 65 have
B blood type, 70 have O blood type and 15 have type AB blood. If a person from this
group is selected at random, what is the probability that this person has O blood type?

Additional Activity

With your knowledge on probability, answer the following questions wholeheartedly:

1. How is probability used in our daily life?

2. What will you do to increase the probability of achieving success in every endeavor?

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 Answer Key

What’s More

What’s In 1. a. P = b. P =
1. Probability c. P=
Pre-test 2. Experiment
3. Sample Space 2. S = {HH, HT, TH, TT}
1. B 4. Event a. P= ¼ b. P = ¾
5. Sample Point
c. P = ½ d. P = ¾
2. A 6. Cardinality
7. Sure Event 3. P = 7/30
3. C 8. Impossible Event
9. Simple Event
4. B 10. Compound Event

5. C

What I can Do Post Test

Answers may vary 1. Let event E be “student from grade 8 “. Hence

P(E) =
Additional Activity

Answers may vary

2. Since a deck of playing cards has 52 cards, then N=52
(a) P ( a diamond) =
(b) P (a face card ) =
(c) P (an ace ) =

3.

Group Frequency

A 50

B 65

O 70

AB 15

P(E) =

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References
Books:
Abuzo, Emmanuel P., et. al. 2013. Mathematics 8 Learner's Module. Book Media Press, Inc.
Abuzo, Emmanuel P., et. al. 2013. 2013. Mathematics 8 Teacher's Guide. Book Media Press,
Inc.
Crisostomo, Ricardo M., et. al. 2013. Our World of Math. Vibal Publishing House.
Oriones, Fernando B., et. al. n.d. Next Century Mathematics. Phoenix Publishing House.
Rivera, Gladys C. 2013. Grade 8 Mathematics. Salesiana Books.

Websites:
Te, Alma C. 2012. Damath. March 13. Accessed March 20, 2021.
http://slideplayer.com/slide/2431406/.
Valdriz, Joey F. 2019. Probability of Simple and Compound Events. February 17. Accessed
March 20, 2021. http://www.slideshare.net/joeyvaldriz/probability-of-simple-and-
compound-events-132111524?from_m_app=android.
www.sat-strategies.com/how-to-solve-probability-word-problems-4-steps-method
https://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-probability.html

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Schools Division of Negros Oriental

Kagawasan, Avenue, Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental

Tel #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117

Email Address: negros.oriental@deped.gov.ph
Website: lrmds.depednodis.net

NegOr_Q4_Mathematics8_Module7_v2