DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

DIVISION OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE CITY

San Ignacio St., Poblacion, City of San Jose del Monte, Bulacan 3023
8
Mathematics
Quarter IV – Module 3
Proving Properties of Parallel
Lines Cut by a Transversal
 What I Need to Know

CONTENT STANDARD
The learner demonstrates understanding of key concepts of inequalities in a
triangle, and parallel and perpendicular lines.
PERFORMANCE STANDARD
The learner is able to communicate mathematical thinking with coherence and
clarity in formulating, investigating, analyzing, and solving real-life problems involving
triangle inequalities, and parallelism and perpendicularity of lines using appropriate
and accurate representations.
LEARNING COMPETENCY:

The learner proves properties of parallel lines cut by a transversal.

This module will cover the concepts and skills related to properties of parallel
lines cut by a transversal. Specifically, this module will give you an opportunity to
understand the relations between parallel lines and a transversal through the various
activities included.

By the end of this module, you are expected to:

1. Prove properties of parallel lines cut by a transversal.
2. Solve problems related to properties of parallel lines cut by a transversal.

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 What I Know
Before you proceed to the next parts of this module, let us check first your readiness
for the topic to be learned by answering the pre -test below.

PRE -TEST
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.

1. What do you call a line that intersects two or more other coplanar lines at
two or more distinct points.?
A. horizontal B. intersecting C. transversal D. vertical

For item numbers 2-3, use Figure 1.

2. If m is parallel to n and l is a transversal, which of the following relationship
is true? l
A. ∠5 and ∠7 are complementary 1 2
m
B. ∠3 and ∠5 are supplementary 3 4
C. ∠1  ∠3 5 6
D. ∠7  ∠8 n
7 8
Figure 1
3. If m || n and l is a transversal. Which of the following are corresponding angles?
A. ∠3 and ∠6, ∠4 and ∠5 C. ∠1 and ∠8, ∠2 and ∠7
B. ∠1 and ∠5, ∠2 and ∠6 D. ∠3 and ∠5, ∠4 and ∠6
4. Lines j and k are parallel cut by transversal t, which is perpendicular to j and k.
Which statement is NOT correct based on the figure? j k
A. ∠1 and ∠4 are congruent
B. ∠2 and ∠5 are supplementary
C. ∠3 and ∠6 are congruent
D. ∠1 and ∠6 form a linear pair 2
1
t
3 4 5 6
For item numbers 5 -7, use Figure 3. Figure 2
Given: a || b and t is a transversal
5. Which statement proves that a ||b? t
A. ∠2  ∠3 1 2 a
B. ∠1  ∠5 4 3
C. ∠7  ∠8
5 6
D. ∠2  ∠5 b
8 7
6. Which angles are congruent to ∠7? Figure 3
A. ∠1, ∠2 and ∠4 C. ∠1, ∠3 and ∠5
B. ∠1, ∠2 and ∠6 D. ∠1, ∠4 and ∠8
7. If m∠1 = 80, what is the measure of ∠7?
A. 10 B. 80 C. 100 D. 185
For item numbers 8 – 11, use Figure 4. p

1 2
r
3 5x + 25°
Figure 4
5 6 1
s
55° 8
8. What type of angle pair is ∠1 and ∠5?
A. alternate interior angles C. supplementary angles
B. corresponding angles D. vertical angles
9. What is the value of x?
A. 20 B. 25 C. 40 D. 45
10. What is the measure of ∠8?
A. 145° B. 130° C. 125° D. 105°
11. What is the measure of ∠2?
A. 30° B. 35° C. 40° D. 55°

a b
12. Which could be used to prove that a || b in this figure?
t
A. alternate exterior angles
B. alternate interior angles
C. corresponding angles
D. consecutive angles

13. In figure 5, find the value of b that makes x || y. l

A. 25 C. 45
2b + 5 x
B. 35 D. 55
55
y
Figure 5
For item nos. 14-15, use the choices below to give the missing reason in the proof
below.
A. Alternate exterior angle C. Corresponding Angle Postulate
B. Complementary angle D. Vertical angles are congruent.
t
3 p
Given: p || q 2
Prove: ∠1  ∠2 1 q

Statements Reasons
1. p || q 1. Given
2. ∠1  ∠3 2. (14) _______
3. ∠3  ∠2 3. (15) _______
4. ∠1  ∠2 4. Transitive property of congruence

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 What’s In

One morning EJ was excited to open their TV to watch the

DepEd Channel. That time, the topic was about Geometry.
However, in the middle of discussion, the TV signal went wrong,
so she asked her Daddy Joel to check the TV antenna on their
rooftop to see if it caused the signal disruption. Her father
noticed that the antenna slightly moved because of heavy rains
last night. As the antenna moved, EJ noticed that the antenna
seem to be similar to their topic in Geometry about parallel lines
cut by a transversal.

Directions: Answer the activities below on a separate sheet of paper.

A. Using the given figure, identify each pair of angles. Choose your answer from
the box below.
1. ∠3 and ∠6 _______________
2. ∠2 and ∠7 _______________
1 2
m 3 4
3. ∠1 and ∠5 _______________ 5 6
4. ∠4 and ∠6 _______________ n 7 8

5. ∠2 and ∠8 _______________ l
alternate interior angles same-side exterior angles same-side interior angles
corresponding angles alternate exterior angles vertical angles

B. Use the figure at the right to complete the following statement: c

1. ∠2 and _____ are same-side exterior angles 2
2. ∠1 and ∠3 are _______________ angles 3
4
3. ∠4 ≅ _____ 1
4. If m∠4 = 50°, then m∠2 = ____.
5. m∠2 + m∠3 = _____
a b

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 What’s New

After studying the parallel lines and transversal, you are now ready to prove properties
of parallel lines cut by a transversal and apply them in a particular problem. Let us see how it
is done. Make sure that you have your protractor next to you as you will be needing it in this
part.

Directions: Using the parallel lines, draw a

transversal t cutting the lines. Label the angles
formed as indicated by the figure.
1 5 a
2 6
Using your protractor measure ∠1 and ∠3, 3 7
4 8 b
∠5 and ∠7, ∠2 and ∠4, and ∠6 and ∠8. What do
you notice?
t

What is It

In the previous section, line t that intersects lines a and b is called transversal. It is a
line that intersects two or more other coplanar lines at two or more distinct points.
The result of the previous activities will lead you to the following postulates and
theorems: corresponding angle postulate, alternate interior angle theorem, alternate exterior
angle theorem, same-side exterior angle theorem and same-side interior angle theorem. Now
let us prove the properties of parallel lines cut by a transversal.

Corresponding Angle Postulate

If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then the corresponding angles are
congruent.

If line a and line b are parallel and line t is a transversal of a and b, then the following
pairs of corresponding angles are congruent:

∠1 ≅ ∠3
∠5 ≅ ∠7
1 5 a
2 6
∠2 ≅ ∠4
∠6 ≅ ∠8 3 7
4 8 b

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 Alternate Interior Angle Theorem
If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then the alternate interior angles are
congruent.

1
Given: m ∥ n 2 n
transversal p cuts m and n
Prove: ∠2 ≅ ∠3 3
m
Proof: p
Statements Reasons
1. m ∥ n 1. Given
2. ∠1 ≅ ∠2 2. Vertical angles are congruent
3. ∠1 ≅ ∠3 3. Corresponding angles are congruent
4. ∠2 ≅ ∠3 4. Transitive property of congruence

Alternate Exterior Angle Theorem

If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then the alternate exterior angles are
congruent.

Given: m ∥ n 1
transversal p cuts m and n 2 n
Prove: ∠1 ≅ ∠3

3 m
p
Proof:
Statements Reasons
1. m ∥ n 1. Given
2. ∠2 ≅ ∠3 2. Corresponding angles are congruent
3. ∠1 ≅ ∠2 3. Vertical angles are congruent
4. ∠1 ≅ ∠3 4. Transitive property of congruence

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 Same-Side Exterior Angle Theorem
If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then the same-side exterior angles are
supplementary.

Given: q ∥ r 1 3
transversal p cuts q and r q
Prove: ∠1 and ∠2 are supplementary

Proof: 2 r
p
Statements Reasons
1. q ∥ r 1. Given
2. ∠1 and ∠3 form a linear pair 2. Definition of linear pair
3. ∠1 and ∠3 are supplementary 3. If two angles form a linear pair, then the
4. m∠1 + m∠3 = 180° angles are supplementary
4. Definition of supplementary angles
5. ∠2 ≅ ∠3
5. Alternate exterior angle theorem
6. m∠2 = m∠3
6. Definition of congruent angles
7. m∠1 + m∠2 = 180° 7. Substitution Property
8. ∠1 and ∠2 are supplementary 8. If the sum of two angles is 180°, they are
supplementary.

Same-Side Interior Angle Theorem

If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then the same-side interior angles are
supplementary.

Note:

Given: q ∥ r 1 q If the sum of

transversal p cuts q and r two angles is
180 degrees
Prove: ∠1 and ∠3 are supplementary 3 2 then they are
r
p said to be
supplementary
angles.
Proof:

Statements Reasons
1. q ∥ 𝑟 1. Given
2. ∠2 and ∠3 form a linear pair 2. Definition of linear pair
3. ∠2 and ∠3 are supplementary 3. If two angles form a linear pair, then the
4. m∠2 + m∠3 = 180° angles are supplementary
4. Definition of supplementary angles
5. ∠1 ≅ ∠2
5. Alternate interior angle theorem
6. m∠1 = m∠2
6. Definition of congruent angles
7. m∠1 + m∠3 = 180° 7. Substitution Property
8. ∠1 and ∠3 are supplementary 8. If the sum of two angles is 180°, then the
angles are supplementary.

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 Now that we are done proving properties of parallel lines cut by a transversal, let us
now apply them to find the value of unknown variables and the measure of angles in parallel
lines cut by transversal.
Illustrative examples:
l
1. In the given figure line l is parallel to line j, 1
and cut by the transversal k, m ∠1 is 120°. j
Find the measure of ∠2 and ∠3.
2
3
Answer: m ∠2 = 120° (Corresponding Angle Postulate)
m ∠3 = 120° (Alternate Exterior Angle Theorem) k

2. In the figure, 𝑙1 ‖ 𝑙2 and line t is the transversal.

If m ∠1 = 3x and m ∠3 = 105°, then what is the
value of x?
1 𝒍𝟏
Solution: ∠1 ≅ ∠3 (Alternate Interior Angle Theorem)
3
m ∠1 = m ∠3 (Congruent angles are equal) 𝒍𝟐
3x = 105 (Substitution) t
Answer: x = 35

3. In the figure, 𝑙1 ‖ 𝑙2 ‖ 𝑙3 and line t is the transversal. t

1 𝒍𝟏
Given that m ∠1 = 140°, m ∠2 = 4y and
m ∠3 = 2x + 10. Find the value of x and y. 2
𝒍𝟐
Solution: Since ∠1 and ∠2 are supplementary,
then m ∠1 + m ∠2 = 180°. 3
140° + 4y = 180° (Substitution) 𝒍𝟑
4y = 180° − 140° (Addition Property of Equality)
4y = 40° (Divide both sides by 4)
y = 10

Since ∠1 and ∠3 are supplementary,

then m ∠1 + m ∠3 = 180°.
140° + 2x + 10 = 180° (Substitution)
2x = 180° − 150° (Addition Property of Equality)
2x = 30° (Divide both sides by 2)
x = 15
Answer: The value of x is 15 and y is 10.

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 What’s More

Directions: Answer the exercises below on a separate sheet of paper.

A. Using the figure, write the postulate or theorem that justifies each statement, given that
𝑙1 ‖ 𝑙2 ‖ 𝑙3 and cut by the transversal k.
𝒍𝟏
1. _______________ ∠2 ≅ ∠4 1
2. _______________ 𝑚∠3 + 𝑚∠4 = 180° 2 3 𝒍𝟐
3. _______________ ∠1 ≅ ∠8
4. _______________ ∠4 ≅ ∠6 4
5. _______________ 𝑚∠1 + 𝑚∠7 = 180° 𝒍𝟑
5
o Alternate Interior Angle Theorem
o Alternate Exterior Angle Theorem
6
o Corresponding Angle Postulate 8
o Same-Side Interior Angle Theorem 7
o Same-Side Exterior Angle Theorem 𝒌

B. Consider the figures to solve the following:

1. Line l is parallel to line k, and cut by the transversal n, 1 𝒏
m ∠1 is 23°. Find the measure of ∠2. 2
𝒍

2. Parallel lines p and q are cut by a transversal r.

If m∠2 = 45°, what is the measure of ∠3?
𝒑 2
1
𝒒 3
3. Given that a ∥ b and transversal t cuts a and b 𝒓
Find the value of x.
𝒂
(4x - 35)°

𝒃
(3x + 5)°

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C. Supply the missing statements or reasons to complete the proof shown below.
Given: g ∥ h
transversal f cuts g and h
Prove: ∠2 ≅ ∠3
𝒈
3
1
𝒉
2
Proof: 𝒇

Statements Reasons
1. g ∥ h 1. ____________________________
2. ____________________________________ 2. Corresponding angles are congruent
3. ∠1 ≅ ∠3 3. ____________________________
4. ∠2 ≅ ∠3 4. ____________________________

What I Have Learned

After going through the discussion and series of activities, tell something about what
you have learned. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

What are the properties of the parallel In what situation can you apply your
line cut by a transversal? Discuss learnings?
briefly.

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 What I Can Do

In the activity below, you are going to use your knowledge in properties of parallel lines
cut by transversal to describe the locations of important places or buildings in GEO City.
Directions: In the picture below, the three horizontal roads are parallel to each other and a
road intersects all these three roads. By referring to the picture, complete the sentence below
by selecting the appropriate word to describe its location. Choose your answer from the box.
Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper. Number 1 is done for you.

alternate exterior corresponding same-side exterior

alternate interior vertical same-side interior

1. The supermarket and drug store are at same-side interior locations.

2. The police station and the drug store are at ________________locations.
3. The school and the police station are at ________________locations.
4. The park and the hospital are at ________________ locations.
5. The hospital and the fire station are at ________________ locations.
6. The drug store and gas station are at ________________locations.

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 Assessment

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer in a separate sheet of
paper.
1. Which figure shows that line b is a transversal?
b b b
b
A. B. C. D.

2. What do you call the consecutive interior angles on the same side of the transversal?
A. Same-side Interior Angles C. Corresponding Angles
B. Same-side Exterior Angles D. Interior Angles

For item nos. 3-5, use Figure 1.

Given: 𝑙1 ‖ 𝑙2 and t is the transversal t
3. Which of the following are alternate interior angles?
1 2
A. ∠2 and ∠4 C. ∠5 and ∠7 3 4 l1
B. ∠3 and ∠6 D. ∠6 and ∠8
4. Which of the following are NOT corresponding angles?
5 6
A. ∠1 and ∠5 C. ∠3 and ∠7
7 8 l2
B. ∠2 and ∠6 D. ∠2 and ∠8
5. Which angles are congruent to ∠5? Figure 1
A. ∠1, ∠2 and ∠3 C. ∠1, ∠4 and ∠7
B. ∠1, ∠4 and ∠8 D. ∠1, ∠4 and ∠6

For item nos. 6-7, use Figure 2.

Given: 𝑐 ‖ 𝑑 and t is the transversal. t
6. If m∠2 = 55, what is the degree measure of ∠6?
A. 25 C. 45 2 1
B. 35 D. 55 3 4 c
7. Find the value of x, if m∠1 = 2x + 25 and m∠4 = 3x + 75.
8 7
A. 16 C. 20 5 6 d
B. 18 D. 22 Figure 2

For item nos. 8-11, use the choices below to give the missing reason in the proof below.
A. Alternate Exterior Angle Theorem C. Given
B. Alternate Interior Angle Theorem D. ∠2  ∠3 c d
Given: c ‖ d and ∠1  ∠2
Prove: a ‖ b 1
Statements Reasons a 3
1. c ‖ d and ∠1  ∠2 1.(8) 2
2. ∠1  ∠3 2.(9) b
3. (10) 3. Transitive Property
4. a ‖ b 4. (11)

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 12. Consecutive exterior angles on the same side of the transversal line are called
___________.
A. Same-Side Interior Angles C. Corresponding Angles
B. Same-Side Exterior Angles D. Interior Angles

For item nos. 13-15, use the choices below to give the missing reason in the proof
below.
A. Alternate Interior Angle Theorem C. Transitive property of congruence
B. Corresponding angles are congruent. D. Vertical angles are congruent.
Given: a ∥ b, transversal d cuts a and b
Prove: ∠2 ≅ ∠3
1
2 a
Statements Reasons
1. a∥b 1. Given
3
2. ∠1≅∠2 2. (13) b
d
3. ∠1≅∠3 3. (14)
4. ∠2≅∠3 4. (15)

Additional Activities

IT’S PICNIC TIME!

It’s picnic time! While the foods are being prepared, write down words related to
the lesson you have learned, that can be found from the grid. These words are either
spelled vertically, horizontally, or diagonally. Number 1 is done for you. Write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.

M Y R I T E N A M E K L K C
L E L L A R A P T G T U O G
Q L V C X Z F B R R I R L D
E R S H L A D O A A R V V L 1. parallel
_________
D U A M A F S X N E R E T U 2. _________
E X T E R I O R S H Q K A Q 3. _________
V B D X F H Y P V J D I X G 4. _________
W K U L A Y O N E L A N M E 5. _________
Q A L P B N V B R M Z T W P 6. _________
A T N S D M D A S N C E E Z
B L M I L E K R A G T R P C
M D N Z O C I P L T R I O B
P G L A Q A N G L E A O Q K
O A R G F V G E Y E N R Y O

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 13
What's In
What's More
A. A.
1. alternate interior angle
1. alternate interior angles
theorem
2. alternate exterior
2. same-side interior angle
angles
theorem
3. alternate exterior angle 3. corresponding angles
theorem 4. same-side interior
4. corresponding angle angles
Assessment
postulate 5. same-side exterior
1. A 5. same-side exterior angle angles
theorem
2. A
B.
3. B 1. 23 degrees
4. D 2. 135 degrees
5. B 3. 40
6. D C.
What I Know
7. A 1. given
8. C 2. ∠1 ≅ ∠2 1. C
9. A 3. vertical angles are
2. B
10. D congruent
11. B 4. transitive property of 3. B
12. B congruence
4. D
13. D
14. B 5. B
15. C What's New
6. C
Evaluate student’s
7. B
response.
What I Can Do 8. B
2. alternate-interior 9. A
3. vertical What's In
4. same-side exterior 10. C
B.
5. alternate-exterior
11. D
6. corresponding 1. ∠1
2. alternate exterior 12. B
3. ∠2 13. A
What I Have Learned 4. 50 degrees 14. C
Answers may vary. 5. 180 degrees 15. D
Answer Key
 Corresponding
Exterior
Interior
Angle
Transversal
Parallel

O Y R N E Y E G V F G R A O
K Q O A E L G N A Q A L G P
B O I R T L P I C O Z N D M
C P R T G A R K E L I M L B
Z E E C N S A D M D S N T A
P W T Z M R B V N B P L A Q
E M N A L E N O Y A L U K W
G X I D J V P Y H F X D B V
Q A K Q H S R O I R E T X E
U T E R E N X S F A M A U D
L V V R A A O D A L H S R E
D L R I R R B F Z X C V L Q
G O U T G T P A R A L L E L
C K L K E M A N E T I R Y M

Additional Activities – Possible Answers

References

Alferez, Merle S., Duro, Ma. Cecilia A. MSA Intermediate Algebra. Quezon City.
Quezon City MSA Academic Advancement Institute. 2004
Crisostomo, Ricardo M., Padua, Alicia L., De Sagun, Priscila C., Gabriel, Judy L.,
Ong, Anita C. Our World of Math 8. Vibal Group, Inc. 2015
Deped (2013) Mathematics 8. Learner’s Material. First Edition

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 This material was contextualized and localized by the
Learning Resource Management and Development Section (LRMDS)
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE

MERLINA P. CRUZ PhD, CESO VI

Officer-in-Charge
Office of the Schools Division Superintendent

ERLEO T. VILLAROS PhD

Officer-in-Charge
Office of the Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

ROLANDO T. SOTELO DEM

Chief Education Supervisor
Curriculum Implementation Division

ANNALYN L. GERMAN EdD

Education Program Supervisor, LRMS

MA. CORAZON P. LOJA

Education Program Supervisor, Mathematics

AMILYN B. HIDALGO
MARIA ERMA S. LUMAGUE
MARISSA S. GUMAFELIX
MAYA M. MANUEL
Paradise Farms National High School
Writers

MARIA ERMA S. LUMAGUE

Paradise Farms National High School
Illustrator

MAYA M. MANUEL
Paradise Farms National High School
Layout Artist

JOY M. BRIGOLA
Paradise Farms National High School
Content Editor

ANDRE ROSE SF. SANTOS

Paradise Farms National High School
Language Reviewer

MICHAEL B. ZAMORA
Sapang Palay National High School
Lay-out Evaluator

15
 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Division of San Jose Del Monte City –

Learning Resource Management and Development Section (LRMDS)

San Ignacio Street, Poblacion, City of San Jose Del Monte, Bulacan

Email Address: lrmssdosjdmc@gmail.com

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