HEAT ENGINES

for SCIENCE Grade 9

Quarter 4 / Week 7

NegOr_Q4_Science 9_SLK Week 7_v2

NegOr_Q4_Science 9_SLK Week 7_v2 1

 FOREWORD

Million years ago, primitive man, had only the energy of the
food he ate. Power output that the primitive man used from the
food may be equivalent only to 2-kilowatt hour per day. Hunting
man after the primitive man used wood for heat and cooking as
well, increasing the power output to 6-kilowatt hour per day. As
the years go by, primitive agricultural man was growing crops and
using some energy from the animals like buffalo, horse, and cow. It
brings the consumption of energy and power to approximately
14- kilowatt hour per day per person.

Reading this module will give you the basic idea about heat
engine. It is easy to produce thermal energy by doing work – for
example, by simply rubbing your hands together briskly, or indeed
by any frictional process. But to get work from thermal energy is
more difficult, and a practical device to do this are the heat
engines.

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 OBJECTIVES
K: Explain how heat transfer and energy transformation make
heat engine work.
S: Describe the parts and function of a heat engine and
comcompare the efficiency of heat engines.
A: Suggest ways to save energy used in heat engines.

LEARNING COMPETENCY

Explain how heat transfer and energy transformation make

heat engine work. S9FE-IVg-45

I. WHAT HAPPENED

During ancient times, fire was first produced from the

friction of rubbing together two hard objects. This dicovery
suggested that there is a relation between work and heat.
James Prescott Joule invented an aparatus that showed
heat is really just another form of energy, and that heat is
related to work, or that work is related to heat.

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2Fwww.cartoonstock.com%2Fdirectory%2Fancient_man.asp&psi

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 PRE-TEST
A. WORD COMPLETION
Directions: Identify the missing letters in the blanks to form answer
to the statements. Write the word answer in your notebook or
answer sheet.

__ __ AT ENGINES 1. They convert heat energy into

S __ __ __ M ENGINES
GA__ __ __ __ NE ENGINE
D __ __ S __ L ENGINE
RE _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ OR
M mechanical work.
2. Consist mainly of boiler, steam
C chest and a cylinder.
3. The fuel is compressed and K
KKKignited by a spark plug.
4. The fuel is injected as fine spray
III into the cylinder where the air
c had been compressed to c
ccabout 540o Celsius that ignite
ccthe fuel.
5. Remove heat inside the
vvvvcompartment with low
vvvvtemperature and release the
bb bheat outside.

B. MULTIPLE CHOICE
Directions: Write only the letter that corresponds to the answer in
your notebook.

1. Which of the following is the fuel of steam locomotive also known

as railway train in the 1700 AD?
a. Water b. gasoline c. crude oil d. coal
2. Which of the following is the fuel for motorcycle engine?
a.Water b. gasoline c. crude oil d. coal
3. Which of the following is the fuel for heavy equipment like dump
trucks?
a.Water b. gasoline c. crude oil d. coal
4. What is the basic idea behind any heat engine?
a.Mechanical energy can be obtained from heat energy
b.Mechanical energy can be obtained from potential energy
c.Mechanical energy can be obtained from chemical energy
d.All of the above
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 5. During which stroke in a 4-stroke engine is the temperature the
highest?
a. Power b. Intake c. Compression d. Exhaust

ACTIVITY: FAMILIARIZING FOUR-STROKE CYCLE GASOLINE ENGINE

Objectives:
1. Identify the strokes in gasoline engine.
2. Explain what happen in every stroke.
Procedure:
1. Study the diagram below and explain what happens in
every stroke.
2. Answer the questions in the analysis. Write the answers in your
activity notebook.

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%Foards.com%2Fhow-gasoline-engine-works

Analysis:
Please refer to the illustration while answering the questions.
1. What happens to the intake valve during the Intake stroke?
2. What happens to the exhaust valve during the Intake stoke?
3. What happens to Air-fuel mixture during the Intake stroke?
4. In the Compression stroke, what happens to Air-fuel mixture?
5. What happens to the intake and exhaust valves during
Compression stroke?
6. What happens to the intake and exhaust valves during Power
stroke?
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 7. What burns the fuel during Power stroke?
8. What is the effect of the explosion of fuel during power stroke.
9. During exhaust stroke, what the piston do with the burned gases?
10. What happens to the intake valve during exhaust stroke?
11. What happens to the exhaust valve during exhaust stroke?

II. WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

DISCUSSION
The Diesel Engine Diagram

Dcmotordiagram.piacenciano.it/isuzu-diesel-engine-diagrams/diagram

In the activity that you answered, the diagram tells us that there
are strokes involve in changing the chemical energy of the gasoline
into heat energy and into mechanical energy inside the cylinder of the
engine. The cylinder, piston, connecting rod and the crankshaft are the
parts that transform energy from heat to work.
The diesel diagram above is similar to gasoline engine diagram
except for one process; the way that the fuel is burned. In gasoline
engine, the air-fuel mixture is burned by electric current of the spark
plug. In diesel engine, the fuel is burned by the hot air drawn inside the
cylinder. In the intake stroke of diesel engine, only air is drawn in
through the inlet valve while exhaust valve is closed. In the compression
stroke of the piston, the air is heated by compressing it very tight. If you
look at the diagram, the two valves are closed so no air can escape in
the cylinder.When air is hot and compressed, fuel is injected inside the
cylinder. The fuel is ignited by the hot air charge. This is known as the
power stroke where piston moves down and moves up to push the

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combustion products to the exhaust valve. This stroke is known as the
exhaust stroke. When exhaust stroke ends, the intake stroke will begin
and so on. The up and down motion of the piston transfers the
mechanical energy to the connecting rod then to the crankshaft, to
the gears and finally to the wheels of the engine.
Heat input is the amount of thermal energy converted to
mechanical energy of the engine. Work output is the amount of work
done by the engine. Mechanical, electrical, chemical and almost all
forms of energy usually end up as thermal energy. But changing
thermal energy into other forms is not easy. This conversion may be
done only by using heat engines. Furthermore, only small fraction of
thermal energy can be converted to mechanical energy or other
forms. Thermal energy is mostly dissipated into the environment as
wasted energy.
Another important implication of the second law of
thermodynamics relates to thermal pollution. All heat engines of
vehicles like cars, motorcycles, trucks, airplanes and ships contribute to
thermal pollution especially in our atmosphere. In places where many
heat engines are running, the temperature of the atmosphere of that
place is hot.
The lower is the efficiency of the heat engine, the greater is the
engine’s contribution to thermsl pollution.Does walking instead of riding
helps in decreasing thermal pollution? What other option can you
suggest to help reduce thermal pollution?

The effeciency of heat engines

The effeciency, e, of any heat engine can be defined as the ratio
of work it does, W, to the heat input at the high temperature,Qh.
e= W where: e = effeciency W = work
Qh Qh = heat input

Example A:
An outomobile engine has an effeciency of 20% and
produces an average of 23,000 Joules of meachanical work per
second during operation.
How much heat input is required?

Given: W = 23,000 Joules

e = 20%
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 Solution:
𝑤
From equation e =
𝑄ℎ
𝑤 23,000 𝐽
Qh = = = 115,000 J or 115 kiloJoules
𝑒 0.20
The engine requires 115 kiloJoules/s = 115 kilowatts of heat input.

Example B:
What is effeciency of a machine that produces 23,000 joules of
mechanical work when the heat energy input is 115,000 joules?
Given:
W = 23,000 Joules Qh = 115,000 Joules
Solution: e = W x 100
Qh
= 23,000 Joules x 100
115,000 Joules
= 0.2 x 100
= 20 %

III. WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

POST TEST
Directions: Answer as indicated.
A. Calculate the efficiency of the heat engine in the table. Make a
similar table in you notebook.

Divide the work output by the heat input and multiply it by 100
to get the efficiency of the heat engine.

Heat Engine Work Heat Input x 100 Efficiency

Output (Qh) (in
(W) percent)
Heat engine A 50,000 J 100,000 J
Heat engine B 25,000 J 100,000 J
Heat engine C 10,000 J 100,000 J
Heat engine D 5,000 J 100,000 J

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B. Multiple Choice
Write only the letter that correcponds to the answer in your
notebook.

1. What device part of the gasoline engine burns the fuel during
power stroke of the piston?
a.Hot air charged c. valve
b.Spark plug d. connecting rod

2. What device part of the diesel engine burns the fuel during power
stroke of the piston?
a.Hot air charged c. valve
b.Spark plug d. connecting rod

3. Which valve of the cylinder in gasoline and diesel engine is OPEN

during intake stroke of the piston?
a.Exhaust valve c. both intake and exhaust valves
b. Intake valve d. none

4. Which valve of the cylinder in gasoline and diesel engine is

CLOSED during compression stroke of the piston?
a.Exhaust valve c. both intake and exhaust valves
b.Intake valve d. none

5. Which valve of the cylinder in gasoline and diesel engine is OPEN

during exhaust stroke of the piston?
a. Exhaust valve c.both intake and exhaust valves
b.Intake valve d.none

6. Which valve of the cylinder in gasoline and diesel engine is

CLOSED during exhaust stroke of the piston?
a. Exhaust valve c. both intake and exhaust valves
b.Intake valve d. none

7. Which of the following appliances removes heat inside its

compartment and transfer this heat outside?
a.Gasoline engine c. refrigerator
b.Diesel engine d. electric fan

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 8. Which 4-strokes of an internal combustion engine is in correct
order?
a. Intake, compression, power, exhaust
b.Compression, exhaust, intake, power
c.Power, intake, exhaust, compression
d.Intake, power, compression, exhaust

9. An automobile engine is 25% efficient and produce an average of

25,000Joules of mechanical work per second during the operation.
How much heat input is required?
a. 25,000 J b. 50,000J c. 75,000J d. 100,000 J

10. Which statements accurately describes conservation of energy in

terms of heat engines?
a. The energy put into the hot reservoir is equal to the sum of the
work extracted and energy transferred into the cold reservoir.
b. The energy extracted as work is equal to the sum of the energy
put into the hot reservoir and energy transferred into the cold
reservoir.
c. The energy transferred into the cold reservoir is equal to the sum of
the heat put into the hot reservoir and the work extracted.
d. The energy put into the hot reservoir is equal to the energy
extracted from the cold reservoir.

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REFERENCES

Giancoli, H. 2001, Physics Sixth Edition, Upper Saddle River, NJ,

Pearson Prentice and Hall Publishing.

Hewitt, Paul G. Conceptual Physics. 1992. Menlo Park, CA:

Addison-Wesley Publishing Company

https://www.googlecom/url?sa=i&url=https%eA%2Fwww.science
Dcmotordiagram.piacenciano.it/isuzu-diesel-engine-
diagrams/diagram
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%Foards.com
%2Fhow-gasoline-engine-works
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2Fwww.cartoons
tock.com%2Fdirectory%2Fancient_man.asp&psig

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 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF NEGROS ORIENTAL
SENEN PRISCILLO P. PAULIN, CESO V
Schools Division Superintendent

JOELYZA M. ARCILLA EdD

OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

MARCELO K. PALISPIS EdD JD

OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

NILITA L. RAGAY EdD

OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent/ CID Chief

ROSELA R. ABIERA
Education Program Supervisor – (LRMDS)

ARNOLD R. JUNGCO
PSDS– Division Science Coordinator

MARICEL S. RASID
Librarian II (LRMDS)

ELMAR L. CABRERA
PDO II (LRMDS)

ARNOLD D. ACADEMIA
Writer/Illustrator

STEPHEN C. BALDADO
HELBERT P. OJARIO
Lay-out Artists
_____________________________
ALPHA QA TEAM
ZENAIDA A. ACADEMIA
ADELINE FE D. DIMAANO
VICENTE B. MONGCOPA
FLORENTINA P. PASAJINGUE
BETA QA TEAM
ZENAIDA A. ACADEMIA
ALLAN Z. ALBERTO
EUFRATES G. ANSOK, JR.
ROWENA R. DINOKOT
CHRISTINE A. GARSOLA
LESTER C. PABALINAS

DISCLAIMER

The information, activities and assessments used in this material are designed to provide
accessible learning modality to the teachers and learners of the Division of Negros Oriental. The
contents of this module are carefully researched, chosen, and evaluated to comply with the set
learning competencies. The writers and evaluator were clearly instructed to give credits to
information and illustrations used to substantiate this material. All content is subject to copyright
and may not be reproduced in any form without expressed written consent from the division.

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SYNOPSIS

This self-learning kit is intended for students to give basic information and
knowledge about heat engines. Simple identification of what occurs during
conversion of heat into mechanical work and calculating efficiency of heat
engines are provided. Hoping that this will also create awareness about the
importance of heat engines and the hazards that it brings to our environment.

10. A 11. open

9. D 10. close
8. A from the engine
7. C burn gases coming out
6. B 9. Piston goes up and 5. C
5. A pushes the piston downward 4. A
4. C 8. Sudden expansion of gas 3. C
3. B 7. Spark plug 2. B
2. A 6. close B. 1. D
B. 1. B 5. close 5. Refrigerator
5% d. 5 4. compress 4. Diesel Engine
10% c. 10 3. combine 3. Gasoline Engine
25% b. 25 2. close 2. Steam Engine
50% A. a. 50 1. Open A. 1. Heat Engine
Post-Test Activity Pre-test
ANSWER KEY

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

He has been teaching Science for over 25

years and presently teaching at Ayungon National
High School, Ayungon, Negros Oriental. He
graduated at Negros Oriental State University. He
was a recipient of DOST scholarship in 1999 called
Project RISE (Rescue Initiative in Science Education)
that sponsored his study at University of San Carlos-
Science and Mathematics Institute. He also
completed the crash program in Physics on the
same University. He wrote Science Intervention
Materials in the Division of Negros Oriental. He is an
Arnold D. Academia
active member of Philippine of Physics Society and
participated many conventions before the K12
curriculum.
He is an Adviser of Youth for Environment in School Organization (YES-O)
and a member of Science Club Advisers of the Philippines. Presently, he is
the District Science Coordinator of Ayungon 1 District.

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