MATH 10 QUARTER 2 WEEK 4

Competency
The learner proves theorems related to chords, arcs, central angles, and inscribed
angles. M10GE-IIc-d-1

Expectations

This module was designed to help you master on how to prove theorems related to
chords, arcs, central angles, and inscribed angles.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

➢ state theorems related to chords, arcs, central angles, and inscribed angles, and;
➢ apply theorems related to chords, arcs, central angles, and inscribed angles in
solving problems.

Pre Test
Choose the letter that you think best answers each of the following questions. Take note of the items that
you were not able to answer correctly and find the right answer as you go through this module.

1. “The degree measure of a minor arc is equal to the measure of the central angle which intercepts the
arc” is a statement which is _______.
A. never true C. always true D G
B. sometimes true D. conditionally true Fig. 1

2. In figure 1, if ∠𝐴 ≅ ∠𝑂 , then __________. A

̂ ≠ 𝐷𝐺
A. 𝐶𝑇 ̂ ̂ > 𝐷𝐺
C. 𝐶𝑇 ̂
̂
B. 𝐶𝑇 < 𝐷𝐺̂ ̂ ̂
D. 𝐶𝑇 ≅ 𝐷𝐺 O
C
3. If two minor arcs are congruent in a circle, then ________.
T
I. corresponding central angles are congruent.
II. corresponding chords are congruent..
III. all minor arcs are congruent.
Which statements are TRUE?
A. I, II, & III B. I & II only C. I & III only D. II & III only
4. A diameter bisects a chord. What kind of angle is formed by the diameter and the chord?
A. acute angle C. obtuse angle
B. right angle D. straight angle

5. Quadrilateral ABCD is inscribed in a circle. ∠A & ∠C are opposite angles. What can be concluded
about ∠A and ∠C?
A. ∠A and ∠C are both right angles A
B. ∠A and ∠C are supplementary
C. ∠A and ∠C are complementary B
D. ∠A is congruent to ∠C
T
105
D 0

C
MATHEMATICS 10 QUARTER 2 WEEK 4 1
6. What is the measure of ∠ABC in ʘT ?
A. 2100 C. 750
0
B. 105 D. 32.50

7. In a two-column proof, the left column entries are the __________.

A. postulates B. reasons C. statements D. theorems

For numbers 8 to 10, complete the proof.

I
Theorem: If two minor arcs of a circle are congruent, N
then the corresponding chords are congruent.
E
Given: ʘN with 𝐵𝑂 ̂ ≅ 𝐼𝐸
̂ B
̅̅̅̅ ≅ ̅̅̅
Prove: 𝐵𝑂 𝐼𝐸 O

Proof:
Statements Reasons
̂ ≅ 𝐼𝐸
1. ʘN with 𝐵𝑂 ̂ 1. ___________(8)_______________
2. The measure of intercepted arc is equal to its
2. 𝑚∠𝐵𝑁𝑂 = 𝑚∠𝐼𝑁𝐸
central angle.
3. ̅̅̅̅ 𝑁𝐼 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝑁𝐵 ≅ ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
𝑁𝑂 ≅ 𝑁𝐸 3. ___________(9)_______________
4. ∆𝑁𝐵𝑂 ≅ ∆𝑁𝐼𝐸 4. SAS Postulate
5. Corresponding Parts of Congruent Triangles
5. ___________(10)_______________
are Congruent (CPCTC)

Looking Back at your Lesson

In your previous lesson you have learned the relationships among chords, arcs, central angle and
inscribed angle. Understanding these relationships will help you get through to the next lesson.

• The degree measure of the central angle is equal to the measure of the intercepted arc.
• The measure of non-overlapping adjacent arcs is equal to the sum of each arc.
• The degree measure of a major arc is equal to 360o minus the measure of the minor arc with the
same endpoints.
• The degree measure of a semicircle is 180o.
• In a circle or congruent circles, two minor arcs are congruent if and only if their corresponding
central angles are congruent
• In a circle or congruent circles, two minor arcs are congruent if and only if their corresponding
chords are congruent.
• The degree measure of an inscribed angle equals one-half the measure of its intercepted arc.
• The degree measure of two or more inscribed angles intercepting the same arc of a circle are
equal.
• An inscribed angle intercepting a semicircle is a right angle.
• Opposite angles of a quadrilateral inscribed in a circle are supplementary.

Introduction of the Topic

In this lesson you will learn how to prove theorems that are related to chords, arcs, central angles
and inscribed angles. We will be using Two-Column Proof in proving these. Also, you will learn how to
use these theorems in solving problems related to it.

Two-Column Proof
• The first or left column has only mathematical statements.
• The second or right column has only reasons supporting the validity of those mathematical
statements

MATHEMATICS 10 QUARTER 2 WEEK 4 2

 • Every logical, ordered step is numbered in both columns, so Step One on the left is supported by
Step One on the right.
• You end when you have proved your concept.

Are you ready? So, come on and let’s do it!

Theorems related to Chords, Arcs, Central Angle and Inscribed Angle

Lesson 1.1: Theorems on Central Angles, Arcs, and Chords

Consider a circle or in congruent circles:

P L
1. If two central angles are congruent, then the corresponding minor
arcs are congruent.
A
Given: ʘ𝑨 with ∠𝑃𝐴𝐿 ≅ ∠𝑇𝐴𝑂
T
Prove: 𝑃𝐿
̂ ≅ 𝑇𝑂 ̂
O
Proof:
Statements Reasons
1. ʘ𝐸 with ∠𝑃𝐴𝐿 ≅ ∠𝑇𝐴𝑂 1, Given
̂ 2. The degree measure of a minor arc is the
2. 𝑚∠𝑃𝐴𝐿 = 𝑚𝑃𝐿
̂ measure of the central angle which intercepts the
𝑚∠𝑇𝐴𝑂 = 𝑚𝑇𝑂 arc.
3. 𝑚∠𝑃𝐴𝐿 = 𝑚∠𝑇𝐴𝑂 3. From 1, definition of congruent angles
4. 𝑚𝑃𝐿 ̂
̂ ≅ 𝑚𝑇𝑂 4. From 2 & 3, substitution
5. 𝑃𝐿 ̂
̂ ≅ 𝑇𝑂 5. From 4, definition of congruent arcs.

P L
In ʘ𝐴, ∠𝑃𝐴𝐿 ≅ ∠𝑇𝐴𝑂, 𝑚𝑃𝐿 ̂ = 2𝑥 + 50
̂ = (3𝑥 − 15)0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑚𝑇𝑂
EXAMPLE
̂.
̂ and 𝑇𝑂
Solve for x and find the measure of 𝑃𝐿
A
Solution for x: Solution for 𝑚𝑃𝐿 ̂ :
̂ and 𝑇𝑂
T
By Central Angle – Arc Congruence Theorem, ̂ = (3𝑥 − 15)
𝑚𝑃𝐿 0 O
̂ = [3(20) − 15]0
𝑚𝑃𝐿
̂ ≅ 𝑇𝑂
𝑃𝐿 ̂
̂ = [60 − 15]0
𝑚𝑃𝐿
(3𝑥 − 15)0 = (2𝑥 + 5)0
̂ = 𝟒𝟓𝟎
𝒎𝑷𝑳
3𝑥 − 2𝑥 = 5 + 15
𝒙 = 𝟐𝟎
̂ = 𝑚𝑃𝐿
𝒎𝑻𝑶 ̂ = 𝟒𝟓𝟎

Converse of Theorem 1:
P L
*Converse of a statement can be obtained by interchanging the hypothesis and the conclusion.
If two minor arcs are congruent, then the corresponding central
angles are congruent. A

̂ . Therefore, ∠𝑃𝐴𝐿 ≅ ∠𝑇𝐴𝑂.

̂ ≅ 𝑇𝑂 T
Illustration: In ʘ𝐴, 𝑃𝐿
O

2. If two chords are congruent, then their corresponding minor B

arcs are congruent.
D

Illustration: ʘ𝑂 ≅ ʘ𝐸 and 𝐴𝐵 ̅̅̅̅. Therefore, 𝐴𝐵

̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐶𝐷 ̂ ≅ 𝐶𝐷
̂. A O E

C
Converse of Theorem 2:

MATHEMATICS 10 QUARTER 2 WEEK 4 3

 If two minor arcs are congruent, then their corresponding chords B
are congruent.
D
Illustration: ̂ ≅ 𝐶𝐷
ʘ𝑂 ≅ ʘ𝐸 and 𝐴𝐵 ̂ . Thus, 𝐴𝐵 ̅̅̅̅.
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐶𝐷 O E
A
C

3. In a circle, a diameter bisects a chord and an arc with the

same endpoints if it is perpendicular to the chord.

U
Illustration: ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅̅ at O.
𝐿𝑈 is a diameter of ʘD and perpendicular to chord 𝑀𝐸
M ̅̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ ̂ ̂ ̂ ̂
Thus, 𝑂𝑀 ≅ 𝑂𝐸 , 𝐿𝑀 ≅ 𝐿𝐸 , and 𝑈𝑀 ≅ 𝑈𝐸 .
O D
Were you able to verify all the theorems above? Now you will deal some B
L theorems involving inscribed angles and intercepted arcs.
E
Lesson 1.2: Theorems on Inscribed Angle
A O

4. The measure of the inscribed angle is half the measure of the

intercepted arc. P
OR R
The measure of the intercepted arc is twice the measure of the
inscribed angle.
O
Given: ∠𝑃𝑄𝑅 is inscribed in ʘO and ̅̅̅̅
𝑃𝑄 is a diameter. x
1
Prove: 𝑚∠𝑃𝑄𝑅 = ̂
𝑚𝑃𝑅
2
Q
Draw ̅̅̅̅
𝑂𝑅 and let 𝑚∠𝑃𝑄𝑅 = 𝑥.

Proof:
Statements Reasons
1. ∠𝑃𝑄𝑅 is inscribed in ʘO
1. Given
and ̅̅̅̅
𝑃𝑄 is a diameter.
2. ̅̅̅̅
𝑄𝑂 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝑅𝑂 2. Radii of a circle are congruent
3. ∆𝑄𝑂𝑅 is an isosceles ∆ 3. Definition of isosceles triangle
4. ∠𝑃𝑄𝑅 = ∠𝑄𝑅𝑂 4. The base angles of an isosceles triangle are congruent
5. 𝑚∠𝑃𝑄𝑅 = 𝑚∠𝑄𝑅𝑂 5. The measures of congruent angles are equal
6. 𝑚∠𝑄𝑅𝑂 = 𝑥 6. Transitive Property
7. The measure of an exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the
7. 𝑚∠𝑃𝑂𝑅 = 2𝑥
sum of the measures of its remote interior angles.
̂ 8. The measure of the central angle is equal to the measure of
8. 𝑚∠𝑃𝑂𝑅 = 𝑚𝑃𝑅
its intercepted arc.
̂ = 2𝑥
9. 𝑚𝑃𝑅 9. Transitive Property
̂ = 2(𝑚∠𝑃𝑄𝑅)
10. 𝑚𝑃𝑅 10. Substitution
1
11. 𝑚∠𝑃𝑄𝑅 = ̂
𝑚𝑃𝑅 11. Multiplication Property of Equality
2

B
EXAMPLE In ʘ𝑂, ∠𝐵𝐼𝑁 is an inscribed angle. Solve for the following:
a. If 𝑚∠𝐵𝑂𝑁 = 700 , 𝑤ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 ∠𝐵𝐼𝑁?
I O
b. If 𝑚∠𝐵𝑂𝑁 = 3𝑥 + 4 and 𝑚∠𝐵𝐼𝑁 = 32, find the value of x.
Solution: Solution: N
a. 𝑚∠𝐵𝐼𝑁 = 12 (𝑚𝐵𝑁
̂) b. 1
2
̂ ) = 𝑚∠𝐵𝐼𝑁
(𝑚𝐵𝑁
1
1
̂ = 𝑚∠𝐵𝑂𝑁 = 700 ̂ = 32
𝑚𝐵𝑁
𝑚∠𝐵𝐼𝑁 = (700 ) because 𝑚𝐵𝑁 2
2
1
̂ = 𝑚∠𝐵𝑂𝑁
(3𝑥 + 4) = 32 , because 𝑚𝐵𝑁
𝒎∠𝑩𝑰𝑵 = 𝟑𝟓𝟎 2
3𝑥 + 4 = 64
3𝑥 = 64 − 4
3𝑥 = 60
𝒙 = 𝟔𝟎
MATHEMATICS 10 QUARTER 2 WEEK 4 4
 5. If an inscribed angle intercepts a semicircle, then it is a right
angle.
J D N
Illustration: ∠𝐸 is inscribed in a semicircle. Its endpoints lie on
the diameter JN. Therefore, ∠JEN is a right angle. E

E
6. If two inscribed angles of a circle (or congruent circles) intercept
congruent arcs or the same arc are congruent.
S
J
Illustration: ∠J and ∠O are inscribed angles intercepting the same
arc ES. Hence, ∠J ≅ ∠O. O

EXAMPLE In the figure, ∠J and ∠O intercept arc ES. If 𝑚∠J= x+19 and
E
𝑚∠O= 2x+3. Solve for:
a. x b. 𝑚∠O ̂
c. 𝑚𝐸𝑆 S
J
a. By Theorem 6: b. By substitution: b. By Theorem 4:
O
∠J ≅ ∠𝑂 𝑚∠𝑂 = 2𝑥 + 3 1
̂ = 𝑚∠𝑂
𝑚𝐸𝑆
𝑥 + 19 = 2𝑥 + 3 𝑚∠𝑂 = 2(16) + 3 2
̂ = 2(𝑚∠𝑂)
𝑚𝐸𝑆
𝑥 − 2𝑥 = 3 − 19 𝑚∠𝑂 = 32 + 3
̂ = 2(35)
𝑚𝐸𝑆
−𝑥 = −16 𝑚∠𝑂 = 350
̂ = 𝟕𝟎𝟎
𝒎𝑬𝑺
𝒙 = 𝟏𝟔
7. If a quadrilateral is inscribed in a circle, then its opposite angles
are supplementary. R

Illustration: Quadrilateral BRIX is inscribed in ʘT. Thus, I

T

∠𝐵 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝐼 are supplementary, that is, 𝑚∠𝐵 + 𝑚∠𝐼 = 180𝑜 B X

∠𝑅 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝑋 are supplementary, that is, 𝑚∠𝑅 + 𝑚∠𝑋 = 180𝑜

ACTIVITIES

Activity 1: Get To Know Me!

Using the figure, identify whether each statement is True or False.

_________1. ∠𝐶𝑉𝑂 is a central angle. O

̂.
_________2. ∠CDO is twice the measure of 𝐶𝑂
_________3. ∠C and ∠I are congruent.
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐼𝐷
_________4. 𝐶𝑂 ̅̅̅ . C
_________5. ∠DOC is a right angle.
̂ = 1400 . V
_________6. If 𝑚∠𝐶𝑉𝐼 = 700 , then 𝑚𝐶𝐼 D
_________7. If 𝑚∠𝐶𝑉𝐼 = 700 , then 𝑚∠𝐶𝑂𝐼 = 350 .
_________8. Angles OCD and OID are inscribed angles.
_________9. 𝑚∠𝑂𝑉𝐷 = 𝑚𝑂𝐷 ̂ . I
_________10. Angle CVO is congruent to angle CDO.

MATHEMATICS 10 QUARTER 2 WEEK 4 5

 A
Activity 2: Can You Prove It? P C
Given: In ʘT, 𝑃𝑅 ̂ are the intercepted arcs of ∠𝑃𝑄𝑅
̂ and 𝐴𝐶
and ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶, respectively. T
̂ ≅ 𝐴𝐶
𝑃𝑅 ̂ R
Prove: ∠𝑃𝑄𝑅 ≅ ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶

Proof:
B
Q
Statements Reasons
̂ ̂
1. 𝑃𝑅 ≅ 𝐴𝐶
2. Congruent arcs have equal measures
3. 2(𝑚∠𝑃𝑄𝑅) = 𝑚𝑃𝑅̂ and
̂
2(𝑚∠𝐴𝐵𝐶) = 𝑚𝐴𝐶
4. 2(𝑚∠𝑃𝑄𝑅) = 2(𝑚∠𝐴𝐵𝐶)
5. 𝑚∠𝑃𝑄𝑅 = 𝑚∠𝐴𝐵𝐶
6. Angles with equal measures are congruent

Remember B
1500

1200 650
Theorems on Chords, Arcs and Central Angle
Z N
In a circle or in congruent circles:

Theorem 1: Two minor arcs are congruent if and only if their corresponding central angles
are congruent.
Theorem 2: Two minor arcs are congruent if and only if their corresponding chords are
congruent.
Theorem 3: A diameter bisects a chord and an arc with the same endpoints if and only if it
is perpendicular to the chord.

Theorems on Inscribed Angle

Theorem 4: If an angle is inscribed angle in a circle, then the measure of the angle equals
one-half the measure of its intercepted arc (or the measure of the intercepted
arc is twice the measure of inscribed angle).
Theorem 5: If two inscribed angles of a circle (or congruent circles) intercept congruent
arc, then the angles are congruent.
Theorem 6: If an inscribed angle of a circle intercepts semicircle, then the angle is a right
angle.
Theorem 7: If a quadrilateral is inscribed in a circle, then its opposite angles are
supplementary.

MATHEMATICS 10 QUARTER 2 WEEK 4 6

Check Your Understanding
I. True or False.

1. The measure of a central angle is always equal to the measure of its intercepted arc.
2. If the measure of the intercepted arc is 20o, then the measure of the inscribed angle is 40o.
3. Congruent chords of the same circle intercept congruent arcs.
4. An angle inscribed in a semicircle always measures 90o.
5. If a diameter bisects a chord, then it forms an acute angle with the chord.

E
II. Supply the statement or reason to compete the proof.

If an inscribed angle of a circle intercepts semicircle, G

then it is a right angle. O

Given: In ʘO, ∠𝐺𝑀𝐿 intercepts semicircle GEL. L

M
Prove: ∠𝐺𝑀𝐿 is a right angle

Proof:

Statements Reasons
1. 1. Given
2. ̂ = 180
𝑚𝐺𝐸𝐿 2.
3. The degree measure of an inscribed angle is
3. one-half the measure of its intercepted arc
1
4. 𝑚∠𝐺𝑀𝐿 =
2
(180) or 𝑚∠𝐺𝑀𝐿 = 90 4.
5. 5. Definition of right angle

̅̅̅̅ ⟘ 𝑹𝑺
III. In ʘC, 𝑪𝒁 ̅̅̅̅, 𝑻𝑺
̅̅̅̅ = 𝟒𝒄𝒎 and 𝒎𝒁𝑺
̂ = 𝟓𝟎𝟎 . Find each measure:

̅̅̅̅
1. 𝑅𝑆 A
̂
2. 𝑚𝑅𝑍𝑆 Q
3. 𝑚∠𝑍𝐶𝑆 B
4. 𝑚∠𝑅𝑆𝐶 C

R
T

Post Test S Z

Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. “The degree measure of a minor arc is equal to the measure of the central angle which intercepts the
arc” is a statement which is _______.
A. never true C. always true D G
B. sometimes true D. conditionally true Fig. 1

2. In figure 1, if ∠𝐴 ≅ ∠𝑂 , then __________. A

̂ ≠ 𝐷𝐺
A. 𝐶𝑇 ̂ ̂ > 𝐷𝐺
C. 𝐶𝑇 ̂
̂ < 𝐷𝐺
B. 𝐶𝑇 ̂ ̂ ≅ 𝐷𝐺
D. 𝐶𝑇 ̂ O
C
3. If two minor arcs are congruent in a circle, then ________.
T
I. corresponding central angles are congruent.
II. corresponding chords are congruent..
III. all minor arcs are congruent.

MATHEMATICS 10 QUARTER 2 WEEK 4 7

 Which statements are TRUE?
B. I, II, & III B. I & II only C. I & III only D. II & III only
4. A diameter bisects a chord. What kind of angle is formed by the diameter and the chord?
A. acute angle C. obtuse angle
B. right angle D. straight angle

5. Quadrilateral ABCD is inscribed in a circle. ∠A & ∠C are opposite angles. What can be concluded
about ∠A and ∠C?
A. ∠A and ∠C are both right angles A
B. ∠A and ∠C are supplementary
C. ∠A and ∠C are complementary B
D. ∠A is congruent to ∠C
T
105
6. What is the measure of ∠ABC in ʘT ? D 0
0 0
A. 210 C. 75
C
B. 1050 D. 32.50
7. In a two-column proof, the left column entries are the __________.
A. postulates B. reasons C. statements D. theorems

For numbers 8 to 10, complete the proof.

I
Theorem: If two minor arcs of a circle are congruent, N
then the corresponding chords are congruent.
E
̂ ≅ 𝐼𝐸
Given: ʘN with 𝐵𝑂 ̂
B
̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅
Prove: 𝐵𝑂 ≅ 𝐼𝐸
O

Proof:
Statements Reasons
̂ ≅ 𝐼𝐸
1. ʘN with 𝐵𝑂 ̂ 1. ___________(8)_______________
2. The measure of intercepted arc is equal to its
2. 𝑚∠𝐵𝑁𝑂 = 𝑚∠𝐼𝑁𝐸
central angle.
3. ̅̅̅̅ 𝑁𝐼 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝑁𝐵 ≅ ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
𝑁𝑂 ≅ 𝑁𝐸 3. ___________(9)_______________
4. ∆𝑁𝐵𝑂 ≅ ∆𝑁𝐼𝐸 4. SAS Postulate
5. Corresponding Parts of Congruent Triangles
5. ___________(10)_______________
are Congruent (CPCTC)

MATHEMATICS 10 QUARTER 2 WEEK 4 8

 MATHEMATICS 10
ANSWER SHEET
Quarter 2 Week 4

Name: Math Teacher:

Section: Score:

MATHEMATICS 10 QUARTER 2 WEEK 4 9