Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Defining Teams and Teamwork
Defining Teams and Teamwork
Defining a Team
A team is a group of people who collaborate on related tasks toward a common goal.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
KEY TAKEAWAYS
Key Points
Key Terms
A team is a group of people who work together toward a common goal. Teams have
defined membership (which can be either large or small) and a set of activities to
take part in. People on a team collaborate on sets of related tasks that are required
to achieve an objective. Each member is responsible for contributing to the team, but
the group as a whole is responsible for the team’s success.
The meaning of TEAM: A team is a group of people who work together toward a
common goal.
Sports teams are a good example of how teams work. For instance, a basketball
team has individual players who each contribute toward the goal of winning a game.
Similarly, in business settings most work is accomplished by teams of individuals
who collaborate on activities with defined outcomes. Because teams are so
prevalent in business organizations, it is important for employees to have the skills
necessary to work effectively with others.
Organizations form teams to accomplish tasks that are too large or complex for an
individual to complete. Teams are also effective for work that requires different types
of skills and expertise. For example, the development of new products involves
understanding customer needs as well as how to design and build a product that will
meet these needs. Accordingly, a new product-development team would include
people with customer knowledge as well as designers and engineers.
Defining Teamwork
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Identify the processes and activities by which team work gets done
KEY TAKEAWAYS
Key Points
Key Terms
Teamwork: Human skill involves the ability to work effectively as a member of a group and to build
cooperative effort in a team.
Teamwork Processes
While the substance of the tasks involved in teamwork may vary from team to team,
there are three processes that are common to how teamwork gets done: the
transition process, action processes, and interpersonal processes. During each of
these processes, specific sets of activities occur.
3. Interpersonal processes include activities that occur during both the transition and
action processes. These include:
An effective team accomplishes its goals in a way that meets the standards set by
those who evaluate its performance. For instance, a team may have a goal of
delivering a new product within six months on a budget of $100,000. Even if the
team finishes the project on time, it can be considered effective only if it stayed
within its expected budget.
Effective teamwork requires certain conditions to be in place that will increase the
likelihood that each member’s contributions—and the effort of the group as a whole
—will lead to success. Effective teams share five characteristics:
Shared values:a common set of beliefs and principles about how and why the
team members will work together
Mutual trust: confidence between team members that each puts the best
interest of the team ahead of individual priorities
Inspiring vision:a clear direction that motivates commitment to a collective
effort
Skill/talent:the combined abilities and expertise to accomplish the required
tasks and work productively with others
Rewards:recognition of achievement toward objectives and reinforcement of
behavior that supports the team’s work
Effective teamwork requires that people work as a cohesive unit. These five
characteristics can help individuals collaborate with others by focusing their efforts in
a common direction and achieving an outcome that can only be reached by working
together.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Recognize the role of a team in an organization, and illustrate the team process.
KEY TAKEAWAYS
Key Points
Key Terms
synergy: The ability for a group to accomplish more together than they could
accomplish individually.
cross-functional teams: Teams with members that have diverse skill sets,
enabling synergy across core competencies.
Cross-Functional Teams
Some organizations have a need for strong cross-functional teams that enable
various functional competencies to align on shared objectives. This is particularly
common at technology companies, where a number of specific disciplines are
combined to produce complex products and/or services.
Team Processes
When considering the role of a team, it’s important to understand the various
processes that teams will carry out over time. At the beginning of a team set up (or
when redirecting the efforts of a team), a transitional process is carried out. Once the
team has set strategic goals, they can begin progressing towards the completion of
those goals operationally. The final team process is one of interpersonal efficiency,
or refining the team dynamic for efficiency and success.
Transitional Process
Mission analysis
Goal specification
Strategy formulation
Action Process
Interpersonal Process
Conflict management
Motivation and confidence building
Affect management
The Impact of Team Building: This chart allows you to visualize data from a study on team-building, and
its impact on team performance. Building a strong organizational culture for successful teams requires
commitment to team processes.
Types of Teams
Depending on its needs and goals, a company can use a project team, a virtual
team, or a cross-functional team.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
KEY TAKEAWAYS
Key Points
An organization may use different types of teams depending on the work that
needs to be accomplished to meet its goals.
Common teams include project teams, virtual teams, and cross- functional
teams.
Project teams are created for a defined period of time to achieve a specific
goal.
Virtual teams have members who work in separate locations that are often
geographically dispersed.
Cross-functional teams bring together people with diverse expertise and
knowledge from different departments or specialties.
Key Terms
Depending on its needs and goals, a company may use different types of teams.
Some efforts are limited in duration and have a well-defined outcome. Other work
requires the participation of people from different locations. Still other projects
depend on people with a broad and diverse range of knowledge and expertise.
Teams may be permanent or temporary, and team members may come from the
same department or different ones. Common types of teams found in organizations
include project teams, virtual teams, and cross-functional teams.
Advantages of Teamwork
The benefits of teamwork include increased efficiency, the ability to focus different
minds on the same problem, and mutual support.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
KEY TAKEAWAYS
Key Points
When a team works well together as a unit they are able to accomplish more
than the individual members can do alone.
Teamwork creates higher quality outcomes that are more efficient, thoughtful,
and effective, as well as faster.
Individuals benefit from teamwork through mutual support and a great sense
of accomplishment.
Key Terms
Teamwork creates outcomes that make better use of resources and produce richer
ideas.
Higher efficiency: Since teams combine the efforts of individuals, they can
accomplish more than an individual working alone.
Faster speed: Because teams draw on the efforts of many contributors, they
can often complete tasks and activities in less time.
More thoughtful ideas: Each person who works on a problem or set of tasks
may bring different information and knowledge to bear, which can result in
solutions and approaches an individual would not have identified.
Greater effectiveness: When people coordinate their efforts, they can divide
up roles and tasks to more thoroughly address an issue. For example, in
hospital settings teamwork has been found to increase patient safety more
than when only individual efforts are made to avoid mishaps.
The social aspect of teamwork provides a superior work experience for team
members, which can motivate higher performance.
Mutual support: Because team members can rely on other people with shared
goals, they can receive assistance and encouragement as they work on tasks.
Such support can encourage people to achieve goals they may not have had
the confidence to have reached on their own.
Greater sense of accomplishment: When members of a team collaborate and
take collective responsibility for outcomes, they can feel a greater sense of
accomplishment when they achieve a goal they could not have achieved if they
had worked by themselves.
The total value created by teamwork depends on the overall effectiveness of the
team effort. While we might consider simply achieving a goal a benefit of teamwork,
by taking advantage of what teamwork has to offer, an organization can gain a
broader set of benefits.
Hazards of Teamwork
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Identify the common pitfalls teams can encounter that limit their performance
KEY TAKEAWAYS
Key Points
The social aspect of collaborative work makes teams vulnerable to pitfalls that
can hurt performance.
Common pitfalls involve poor group dynamics such as weak norms, lack of
trust, and interpersonal conflict.
Poor team-design choices such as size, skill sets, and assignment of roles
can negatively affect a team’s ability to complete tasks.
Key Terms
The collaborative nature of teams means they are subject to pitfalls that individuals
working alone do not face. Team members may not always work well together, and
focusing the efforts of individuals on shared goals presents challenges to completing
tasks as efficiently and effectively as possible. The following pitfalls can lead to team
dysfunction and failure to achieve important organizational objectives.
Lack of Trust
While conflicts are a common aspect of working together and can even be beneficial
to a team, they can also negatively affect team performance. For instance, conflict
can delay progress on tasks or create other inefficiencies in getting work done.
When team members do not have the collaboration skills needed to work well with
others, the overall ability of the team to function can be limited. As a result, conflicts
may be more likely to arise and more difficult to resolve.
A team that does not have the expertise and knowledge needed to complete all its
tasks and activities will have trouble achieving its goals. Poor team composition can
lead to delays, higher costs, and increased risk.
Stuck in Formation
Sometimes the group cannot move from defining goals and outlining tasks to
executing its work plan. This may be due to poor specification of roles, tasks, and
priorities.
Groupthink
Outcomes can suffer if team members value conflict avoidance and consensus over
making the best decisions. People can feel uncomfortable challenging the group’s
direction or otherwise speaking up for fear of breaking a team norm. This
phenomenon is known as “groupthink.” Groupthink can limit creativity, lead to poor
choices, or result in mistakes that might otherwise have been avoidable.
While teams offer many benefits, their effectiveness rests on how well members can
avoid common pitfalls or minimize their negative consequences when they occur.
All teams are groups of individuals, but not all groups are teams.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
KEY TAKEAWAYS
Key Points
Key Terms
team: Any group of people involved in the same activity, especially referring
to sports and work.
group: A number of things or persons that have some relationship to one
another. A subset of a culture or of a society.
While all teams are groups of individuals, not all groups are teams. Team members
work together toward a common goal and share responsibility for the team’s
success. A group is comprised of two or more individuals that share common
interests or characteristics, and its members identify with each other due to similar
traits. Groups can range greatly in size and scope. For example, members of the
millennial generation are a group, but so is a small book club formed by neighbors
who enjoy reading.