How Is Learning Considered A Mental Process

Qudsia Noor
1. How is learning considered a mental process? Also explain why learning and teaching are
considered two different concepts and how they go hand in hand for education?
Learning is the acquisition of knowledge and skills through studying or experience or by teaching.
Learning is acquiring new, or modifying and reinforcing, existing knowledge, behaviours, skills,
values, or preferences and may involve synthesizing different types of information. Teaching is
undertaking certain tasks or activities the intention of which is to induce learning. Learning is
different as it can be done without teaching, learning can be acquired on its own as well, and
teaching may not always lead to learning.
2. What is the difference between a student and a scholar?

A student can be described as a learner especially one enrolled in a school or college whereas a
scholar denotes a learned person with profound knowledge of any specific subject, whereas a
scholar can be described as a person who shares knowledge, ideas, findings, results and such for
furtherance of knowledge. Thus, scholar can refer to a student and also refer a person who has
attained deep knowledge in a specific field.
3. List any three factors that need to be conformed for normative learning.
informing (information with explanations or evidence, no experience provided)
training (rule-obeying behaviour)
instructing (training and informing)
4. What is the difference between problem based learning and group learning? Can they be done
at the same time too?
In problem-based learning students use “triggers” from the problem case or scenario to define
their own learning objectives. Subsequently they do independent, selfdirected study before
returning to the group to discuss and refine their acquired knowledge.
Group learning facilitates not only the acquisition of knowledge but also several other desirable
attributes, such as communication skills, teamwork, problem solving, independent responsibility
for learning, sharing information, and respect for others. They can be done at the same time if
students are divided into groups and asked to solve the problem case while communicating
together.
5. Which of the following is more teacher centric and why? Pedagogical studies or methodological
studies?
Pedagogical studies are more teacher centric as they allow teachers to gain a deeper
understanding of students learning pace and develop a healthy relationship of communication
with them. By addressing the emotional, psychological, and cognitive barriers to problem-
solving simultaneously the teacher helps to create a comfortable learning environment—a
classroom in which students are encouraged to question and take risks without penalties.
Continuing this kind of open dialogue in the classroom throughout the semester will strengthen
rapport between teacher and students and provide many opportunities for students to discuss
different ideas and approaches to solving problems. Class discussion also reinforces success and
transfer of learned skills. Effective strategies include accepting multiple attempts of solutions for
an assignment, assigning personal journals in which students describe their problem-solving
strategies, and allowing students to rework homework and exams for credit. These strategies
both dissipate anxiety because they reduce the sole emphasis on “getting the right answer” and
encourage reflection on the problem-solving process.
Alaiha Khan
“Learning is a Mental Process”, the acquisition of knowledge or skills through study,
experience, or being taught. Learning is acquiring new, or modifying and reinforcing, existing
knowledge, behaviours, skills, values, or preferences and may involve synthesizing different
types of information. Teaching is undertaking certain tasks or activities the intention of
which is to induce learning". Teaching and learning are two different concepts, which in fact
are related with each other and go hand in hand. It is unfair to declare that teaching always
leads to learning and for learning teaching is always required. Learning may occur without
any teaching.

The term scholar and student are classified by the level of the degree or standard, probably
the scholar means “researcher” the student means watching the class lectures. A scholar is
a learned person (especially in the humanities); someone who by long-study has gained
mastery in one or more while Student can be described as a learner especially one enrolled
in a school or college whereas a scholar denotes a learned person with profound knowledge
of any specific subject. Students may be classified in to primary, middle, higher education.
Scholars have deeper knowledge and more advances skills.
conditioning (stimulus-obeying behaviour)
indoctrinating (uniformed belief)
brainwashing (conditioned behaviour/uninformed belief)
4. What is the difference between problem based learning and group learning?Can they be
done at the same time too?
In problem based learning (PBL) students use “triggers” from the problem case or scenario
to define their own learning objectives. Subsequently they do independent, selfdirected
study before returning to the group to discuss and refine their acquired knowledge. Thus,
PBL is not about problem solving per se, but 6 rather it uses appropriate problems to
increase knowledge and understanding. The process is clearly defined, and the several
variations that exist all follow a similar series of steps. Group learning facilitates not only the
acquisition of knowledge but also several other desirable attributes, such as communication
skills, teamwork, problem solving, independent responsibility for learning, sharing
information, and respect for others. PBL can therefore be thought of as a small group
teaching method that combines the acquisition of knowledge with the development of
generic skills and attitudes. Presentation of clinical material as the stimulus for learning
enables students to understand the relevance of underlying scientific knowledge and
principles in clinical practice.
5. Which of the following is more teacher centric and why? Pedagogical studies or
methodological studies?
pedagogical strategies allow the teacher to address the emotional, psychological, and
cognitive barriers to problem-solving simultaneously. For example, on the first day of class,
an instructor could conduct an open discussion about the nature of the course material,
encouraging students to voice their fears and concerns about it. This approach helps to
create a comfortable learning environment—a classroom in which students are encouraged
to question and take risks without penalties.
Effective strategies include accepting multiple attempts of solutions for an assignment,
assigning personal journals in which students describe their problem-solving strategies, and
allowing students to rework homework and exams for credit. These strategies both dissipate
anxiety because they reduce 8 the sole emphasis on “getting the right answer” and
Hence pedagogical is more teacher centric.
Name: Muhammad Munhib Mazhar
ID: 18U00443

1. How is learning considered a mental process? Also explain why learning and
teaching are considered two different concepts and how they go hand in hand for
education?

Answer: “Learning is a Mental Process”, the acquisition of knowledge or skills
through study, experience, or being taught. Learning is acquiring new, or modifying
and reinforcing, existing knowledge, behaviours, skills, values, or preferences and
may involve synthesizing different types of information. The ability to learn is
possessed by humans. Teaching and learning are two different concepts, which in fact
are related with each other and go hand in hand. It is unfair to declare that teaching
always leads to learning and for learning teaching is always required. Learning may
occur without any teaching. We learn a lot without any teaching through our day-to-
day experiences, observation, trial and error, and reasoning. Librarian can learn so
many things by simply observing while doing Library duties. It is well said that a
“good learner may not be a good teacher”, but a “good teacher is always a good
learner”. “Teaching is what teachers do” and “Learning is what students do”.


Answer: Student can be described as a learner especially one enrolled in a school or
college whereas a scholar denotes a learned person with profound knowledge of any
specific subject. Students may be classified in to primary, middle, High school and
higher secondary school in Tamil Nadu. Scholar can be described as a person who
shares knowledge, ideas, findings, results and such for furtherance of knowledge.
Thus, scholar can refer to a student and also refer a person who has attained deep
knowledge in a specific field. Scholar as a term is considered to be more productive
than a student. It is a developed step in Student level.


Answer: Normative teaching requires that the activities of teaching conform to certain
ethical conditions which are
1- conditioning (stimulus-obeying behaviour)
2- indoctrinating (uniformed belief)
3- brainwashing (conditioned behaviour/uninformed belief)

4. What is the difference between problem based learning and group learning?Can
they be done at the same time too?

Answer: In problem based learning (PBL) students use “triggers” from the problem
case or scenario to define their own learning objectives. Subsequently they do
independent, self- directed study before returning to the group to discuss and refine
their acquired knowledge. Thus, PBL is not about problem solving per se, but rather it
uses appropriate problems to increase knowledge and understanding. The process is
clearly defined, and the several variations that exist all follow a similar series of steps.
Group learning facilitates not only the acquisition of knowledge but also several other
desirable attributes, such as communication skills, teamwork, problem solving,
independent responsibility for learning, sharing information, and respect for others.
PBL can therefore be thought of as a small group teaching method that combines the
acquisition of knowledge with the development of generic skills and attitudes.


Answer: Pedagogical strategies is more teacher centric. These are teacher-centered
methods which can help to overcome difficulties in problem-solving. Some
pedagogical strategies allow the teacher to address the emotional, psychological, and
cognitive barriers to problem-solving simultaneously. For example, on the first day of
class, an instructor could conduct an open discussion about the nature of the course
material, encouraging students to voice their fears and concerns about it. This
approach helps to create a comfortable learning environment—a classroom in which
students are encouraged to question and take risks without penalties. Continuing this
kind of open dialogue in the classroom throughout the semester will strengthen
rapport between teacher and students and provide many opportunities for students to
discuss different ideas and approaches to solving problems. Class discussion also
reinforces success and transfer of learned skills. Studies suggest that active
involvement is critical in developing problem-solving skills, so using student teach
groups to promote active experimentation with problems is a sound pedagogical
strategy. Other effective strategies include accepting multiple attempts of solutions for
an assignment, assigning personal journals in which students describe their problem-
solving strategies, and allowing students to rework homework and exams for credit.
These strategies both dissipate anxiety because they reduce the sole emphasis on
“getting the right answer” and encourage reflection on the problem-solving process.
Khawaja Haris
Answer:
“Learning is a Mental Process”, the acquisition of knowledge or skills through study, experience,
or being taught. Learning is acquiring new, or modifying and reinforcing, existing knowledge,
behaviours, skills, values, or preferences and may involve synthesizing different types of
information. The ability to learn is possessed by humans. Teaching and learning are two
different concepts, which in fact are related with each other and go hand in hand. It is unfair to
declare that teaching always leads to learning and for learning teaching is always required.
Learning may occur without any teaching. We learn a lot without any teaching through our day-
to-day experiences, observation, trial and error, and reasoning. Librarian can learn so many
things by simply observing while doing Library duties. It is well said that a “good learner may
not be a good teacher”, but a “good teacher is always a good learner”. “Teaching is what
teachers do” and “Learning is what students do”.

Answer:
Student can be described as a learner especially one enrolled in a school or college whereas a
scholar denotes a learned person with profound knowledge of any specific subject. Students
may be classified in to primary, middle, High school and higher secondary school in Tamil
Nadu.Whereas Scholar can be described as a person who shares knowledge, ideas, findings,
results and such for furtherance of knowledge. Thus, scholar can refer to a student and also
refer a person who has attained deep knowledge in a specific field. Scholar as a term is
considered to be more productive than a student. It is a developed step in Student level.


Answer:
Normative teaching requires that the activities of teaching conform to certain ethical
conditions:
1. conditioning (stimulus-obeying behaviour)
2. indoctrinating (uniformed belief)
3. brainwashing (conditioned behaviour/uninformed belief)

4. What is the difference between problem based learning and group learning?Can they be
Answer :
In problem-based learning (PBL) students use “triggers” from the problem case or scenario
to define their own learning objectives. Subsequently they do independent, self-directed
study before returning to the group to discuss and refine their acquired knowledge. Group
learning facilitates not only the acquisition of knowledge but also several other desirable
attributes, such as communication skills, teamwork, problem solving, independent
responsibility for learning, sharing information, and respect for others.Yes they can be used
at the same time

Answer:
Some pedagogical strategies allow the teacher to address the emotional, psychological, and
cognitive barriers to problem-solving simultaneously. For example, on the first day of class, an
instructor could conduct an open discussion about the nature of the course material,
encouraging students to voice their fears and concerns about it. This approach helps to create a
comfortable learning environment—a classroom in which students are encouraged to question
and take risks without penalties. Other effective strategies include accepting multiple attempts
of solutions for an assignment, assigning personal journals in which students describe their
problem-solving strategies, and allowing students to rework homework and exams for credit.
These strategies both dissipate anxiety because they reduce 8 the sole emphasis on “getting the
right answer” and encourage reflection on the problem-solving process.
Muhammad Hamza Bin Zahid
18U00721
Q1. How is learning considered a mental process? Also explain why learning and teaching are
Learning is a Mental Process, the acquisition of knowledge or skills through study, experience,
behaviors, skills, values, or preferences and may involve synthesizing different types of
information. The ability to learn is possessed by humans. Teaching and learning are two different
concepts, which in fact are related with each other and go hand in hand. It is unfair to declare
that teaching always leads to learning and for learning teaching is always required. Learning may
occur without any teaching. We learn a lot without any teaching through our day-to-day
experiences, observation, trial and error, and reasoning. Librarian can learn so many things by
simply observing while doing Library duties. It is well said that a “good learner may not be a
good teacher”, but a “good teacher is always a good learner”. “Teaching is what teachers do” and
“Learning is what students do”.
Q2. What is the difference between a student and a scholar?
scholar denotes a learned person with profound knowledge of any specific subject. Students may
be classified in to primary, middle, High school and higher secondary school in Tamil Nadu.
Scholar can be described as a person who shares knowledge, ideas, findings, results and such for
furtherance of knowledge. Thus, scholar can refer to a student and also refer a person who has
attained deep knowledge in a specific field. Scholar as a term is considered to be more
productive than a student. It is a developed step in Student level.
Q3. List any three factors that need to be conformed for normative learning.
Following are the factors
conditioning (stimulus-obeying behavior)
brainwashing (conditioned behavior/uninformed belief)
informing (information with explanations or evidence, no experience provided)
Q4. What is the difference between problem-based learning and group learning? Can they be
Problem based learning is used in many medical schools in the United Kingdom and worldwide.
This article describes this method of learning and teaching in small groups and explains why it
has had an important impact on medical education. What is problem-based learning? In problem-
based learning (PBL) students use “triggers” from the problem case or scenario to define their
own learning objectives. Subsequently they do independent, self-directed study before returning
to the group to discuss and refine their acquired knowledge. Thus, PBL is not about problem
solving per se, but 6 rather it uses appropriate problems to increase knowledge and
understanding. The process is clearly defined, and the several variations that exist all follow a
similar series of steps. Group learning facilitates not only the acquisition of knowledge but also
several other desirable attributes, such as communication skills, teamwork, problem solving,
independent responsibility for learning, sharing information, and respect for others
Q5. Which of the following is more teacher centric and why? Pedagogical studies or
Pedagogical studies are basically teacher centric. Some pedagogical strategies allow the teacher
to address the emotional, psychological, and cognitive barriers to problem-solving
simultaneously. For example, on the first day of class, an instructor could conduct an open
discussion about the nature of the course material, encouraging students to voice their fears and
concerns about it. This approach helps to create a comfortable learning environment—a
classroom in which students are encouraged to question and take risks without penalties.
Continuing this kind of open dialogue in the classroom throughout the semester will strengthen
rapport between teacher and students and provide many opportunities for students to discuss
different ideas and approaches to solving problems. Class discussion also reinforces success and
transfer of learned skills. Studies suggest that active involvement is critical in developing
problem-solving skills, so using student teach groups to promote active experimentation with
problems is a sound pedagogical strategy

Malik Muhammad Mustafa Ahmed
18u00536
Sociology
Section J
Q1) How is learning considered a mental process? Also explain why learning and
education?
Ans1) Learning is a Mental Process”, the acquisition of knowledge or skills
through study, experience, or being taught. Learning is acquiring new, or
modifying and reinforcing, existing knowledge, behaviours, skills, values, or
preferences and may involve synthesizing different types of information. The
ability to learn is possessed by humans. Learning and teaching are two different
concepts as learning may occur without any teaching and it is not necessary that
teaching leads to learning. In education these both go hand in hand as for to be a
good teacher, one has to be a good learner.
Q2 What is the difference between a student and a scholar?

Ans2) Student can be described as a learner especially one enrolled in a school
or college whereas a scholar denotes a learned person with profound knowledge
of any specific subject. Students may be classified in to primary, middle, High
school and higher secondary school in Tamil Nadu. Whereas a scholar can be
described as a person who shares knowledge, ideas, findings, results and such
for furtherance of knowledge. Thus, scholar can refer to a student and also refer
a person who has attained deep knowledge in a specific field. Scholar as a term
is considered to be more productive than a student. It is a developed step in
Student level.
Q3) List any three factors that need to be conformed for normative learning.
Ans3) Normative teaching requires that the activities of teaching conform to
certain ethical conditions which are
Q4) What is the difference between problem based learning and group learning?
Can they be done at the same time too?
Ans4) In problem based learning (PBL) students use “triggers” from the problem
case or scenario to define their own learning objectives. Subsequently they do
independent, self- directed study before returning to the group to discuss and
refine their acquired knowledge. Thus, PBL is not about problem solving per se,
but rather it uses appropriate problems to increase knowledge and
understanding. Group learning facilitates not only the acquisition of knowledge
but also several other desirable attributes, such as communication skills,
teamwork, problem solving, independent responsibility for learning, sharing
information, and respect for others. PBL can therefore be thought of as a small
group teaching method that combines the acquisition of knowledge with the
development of generic skills and attitudes. Presentation of clinical material as
the stimulus for learning enables students to understand the relevance of
underlying scientific knowledge and principles in clinical practice.
No they cannot be done at the same time because PBL has implications for
staffing and learning resources and demands a different approach to timetabling,
workload, and assessment. PBL is often used to deliver core material in non-
clinical parts of the curriculum.
Q5 Which of the following is more teacher centric and why? Pedagogical studies
or methodological studies?
Ans5) Pedagocial studies is more teacher centric as pedagogical strategies allow
the teacher to address the emotional, psychological, and cognitive barriers to
problem-solving simultaneously. Other effective strategies include accepting
multiple attempts of solutions for an assignment, assigning personal journals in
which students describe their problem-solving strategies, and allowing students
to rework homework and exams for credit. These strategies both dissipate
anxiety because they reduce
the sole emphasis on “getting the right answer” and encourage reflection on the
problem solving process
Usama yousaf
Assignment
18U00108
Sec-J
q.1) hows is reading considered a mental process?
Ans.1) Education in its general sense is a form of learning in which the knowledge, skills, and
habits of a group of people are transferred from one generation to the next through teaching,
training, or research. Education frequently takes place under the guidance of others, but may
also be autodidactic. Any experience that has a formative effect on the way one thinks, feels, or
acts may be considered educational. Education is commonly divided into stages such as
preschool, primary school, secondary school and then college, university or
apprenticeship.Teaching and learning are two different concepts, which in fact are related with
each other and go hand in hand. It is unfair to declare that teaching always leads to learning
and for learning teaching is always required. Learning may occur without any teachin. We learn
a lot without any teaching through our day-to-day experiences, observation, trial and error, and
reasoning.

Q.2) what is a difference between a student and scholar ?

Ans􏰁2) Student can be described as a learner especially one enrolled in a school or college
whereas a scholar denotes a learned person with profound knowledge of any specific subject.
Students may be classified in to primary, middle, High school and higher secondary school in
Tamil Nadu.
􏰁 Scholar can be described as a person who shares knowledge, ideas, findings, results and
such for furtherance of knowledge. Thus, scholar can refer to a student and also refer a person
who has attained deep knowledge in a specific field. Scholar as a term is considered to be more
Q.3) list any three factors need to be confirmed for normative learing.
Ans3) Normative teaching requires that the activities of teaching conform to certain ethical
conditions :
1.􏰁 conditioning (stimulus-obeying behaviour)
2.􏰁 indoctrinating ( uninformed belief)
3.􏰁 informing (information with explanations or evidence, no evidence proved)
Q.4) what is difference between problem based learning and group learning?
Ans4) Problem based learning is used in many medical schools in the United Kingdom and
worldwide. This article describes this method of learning and teaching in small groups and
explains why it has had an important impact on medical education. What is problem based
learning? In problem based learning (PBL) students use “triggers” from the problem case or
scenario to define their own learning objectives. Subsequently they do independent, self-
directed study before returning to the group to discuss and refine their acquired knowledge.
Thus, PBL is not about problem solving per se, but
rather it uses appropriate problems to increase knowledge and understanding. The process is
for learning, sharing information, and respect for others. PBL can therefore be thought of as a
small group teaching method that combines the acquisition of knowledge with the development
of generic skills and attitudes. Presentation of clinical material as the stimulus for learning
enables students to understand the relevance of underlying scientific knowledge and principles
in clinical practice.

Q.5) which of the following is teacher eccentric and why? Pedagogical or methodical studies.
Ans5) pedagogical is more teacher ecentric because pedagogical strategies allow the teacher to
address the emotional, psychological, and cognitive barriers to problem-solving simultaneously.
For example, on the first day of class, an instructor could conduct an open discussion about the
nature of the course material, encouraging students to voice their fears and concerns about it.
This approach helps to create a comfortable learning environment—a classroom in which
students are encouraged to question and take risks without penalties. Continuing this kind of
open dialogue in the classroom throughout the semester will strengthen rapport between
teacher and students and provide many opportunities for students to discuss different ideas and
approaches to solving problems. Class discussion also reinforces success and transfer of
learned skills. Studies suggest that active involvement is critical in developing problem-solving
skills, so using student teach groups to promote active experimentation with problems is a
sound pedagogical strategy. Other effective strategies include accepting multiple attempts of
solutions for an assignment, assigning personal journals in which students describe their
problem-solving strategies, and allowing students to rework homework and exams for credit.
These strategies both dissipate anxiety because they reduce the sole emphasis on “getting the
right answer” and encourage reflection on the problem-solving process.
Abdul Wahab Khan
18U00174
Section J
Q1) How is learning considered a mental process? Also explain why learning and teaching are
Ans:. Learning is acquiring new, or modifying and reinforcing, existing knowledge, behaviours, skills,
values, or preferences and may involve synthesizing different types of information. The ability to learn is
possessed by humans. So this is why its considered to be a mental process because you have to be in a
conscious mind to understand and store information. Teaching and learning are stated 2 different
concepts because It is unfair to declare that teaching always leads to learning and for learning teaching
is always required. Learning may occur without any teaching. We learn a lot without any teaching
through our day-to-day experiences, observation, trial and error, and reasoning. Librarian can learn so
many things by simply observing while doing Library duties. It is well said that a “good learner may not
be a good teacher”, but a “good teacher is always a good learner”.
Q2) What is the difference between a student and a scholar?
Ans: The term scholar and student are classified by the level of the degree or standard, probably the
scholar means “researcher” the student means watching the class lectures. A scholar has basically much
more deep understanding of a topic and their degree also varies from a student.
Ans: Normative teaching requires that the activities of teaching conform to certain ethical
conditions:
1. conditioning (stimulus-obeying behaviour)
2. indoctrinating (uniformed belief)
3. brainwashing (conditioned behaviour/uninformed belief)
Q4) What is the difference between problem based learning and group learning? Can they be done at
the same time too?
Ans: In problem based learning (PBL) students use “triggers” from the problem case or scenario to
define their own learning objectives. Subsequently they do independent, selfdirected study before
returning to the group to discuss and refine their acquired knowledge. Thus, PBL is not about problem
solving, but rather it uses appropriate problems to increase knowledge and understanding. While group
learning facilitates not only the acquisition of knowledge but also several other desirable attributes, such
as communication skills, teamwork, problem solving, independent responsibility for learning, sharing
information, and respect for others. Yes they both can be done at the same time.
Q5) Which of the following is more teacher centric and why? Pedagogical studies or methodological
studies?
Ans: Pedagogical is more teacher centric as some pedagogical strategies allow the teacher to
students are encouraged to question and take risks without penalties. Other effective strategies
include accepting multiple attempts of solutions for an assignment, assigning personal journals
in which students describe their problem-solving strategies, and allowing students to rework
homework and exams for credit. These strategies both dissipate anxiety because they reduce 8
the sole emphasis on “getting the right answer” and encourage reflection on the problem-
solving process.
Mehroze Mansoor(18U00204)
Assignment
Section J

4. What is the difference between problem based learning and group learning?Can they be done

Q1.Education in its general sense is a form of learning in which the knowledge, skills, and habits
of a group of people are transferred from one generation to the next through teaching, training, or
research. Education frequently takes place under the guidance of others, but may also be
autodidactic. Any experience that has a formative effect on the way one thinks, feels, or acts may
be considered educational. Education is commonly divided into stages such as preschool,
primary school, secondary school and then college, university or apprenticeship.Teaching and
learning are two different concepts, which in fact are related with each other and go hand in
hand. It is unfair to declare that teaching always leads to learning and for learning teaching is
always required. Learning may occur without any teaching. We learn a lot without any teaching
through our day-to-day experiences, observation, trial and error, and reasoning.
Q2. Student can be described as a learner especially one enrolled in a school or college whereas a
scholar denotes a learned person with profound knowledge of any specific subject. Students may
be classified in to primary, middle, High school and higher secondary school in Tamil Nadu.
􏰁 Scholar can be described as a person who shares knowledge, ideas, findings, results and such
for furtherance of knowledge. Thus, scholar can refer to a student and also refer a person who
has attained deep knowledge in a specific field. Scholar as a term is considered to be more

Q3.Normative teaching requires that the activities of teaching conform to certain ethical
conditions :
1.􏰁 conditioning (stimulus-obeying behaviour)
2.􏰁 indoctrinating ( uninformed belief)
3.􏰁 informing (information with explanations or evidence, no evidence proved)

Q4. Problem based learning is used in many medical schools in the United Kingdom and
worldwide. This article describes this method of learning and teaching in small groups and
explains why it has had an important impact on medical education. What is problem based
learning? In problem based learning (PBL) students use “triggers” from the problem case or
scenario to define their own learning objectives. Subsequently they do independent, self- directed
study before returning to the group to discuss and refine their acquired knowledge. Thus, PBL is
not about problem solving per se, but rather it uses appropriate problems to increase knowledge
and understanding. The process is clearly defined, and the several variations that exist all follow
a similar series of steps.
for learning, sharing information, and respect for others. PBL can therefore be thought of as a
small group teaching method that combines the acquisition of knowledge with the development
of generic skills and attitudes. Presentation of clinical material as the stimulus for learning
enables students to understand the relevance of underlying scientific knowledge and principles in
clinical practice.

Q5. Pedagogical is more teacher ecentric because pedagogical strategies allow the teacher to
students are encouraged to question and take risks without penalties. Continuing this kind of
open dialogue in the classroom throughout the semester will strengthen rapport between teacher
and students and provide many opportunities for students to discuss different ideas and
approaches to solving problems. Class discussion also reinforces success and transfer of learned
skills. Studies suggest that active involvement is critical in developing problem-solving skills, so
using student teach groups to promote active experimentation with problems is a sound
pedagogical strategy. Other effective strategies include accepting multiple attempts of solutions
for an assignment, assigning personal journals in which students describe their problem-solving
strategies, and allowing students to rework homework and exams for credit. These strategies
both dissipate anxiety because they reduce the sole emphasis on “getting the right answer” and

KM YUSSAF
How is learning considered a mental process? Also explain why learning and teaching are
Teaching is undertaking certain tasks or activities the intention of
which is to induce learning"
· A teacher can anticipate that certain activities will result in learning,
but not guarantee it.
· In short, successful teaching cannot be reduced to a set of general rules, or a
prescribed pattern of behavior.
Learning is a Mental Process”, the acquisition of knowledge or skills through study, experience,
behaviors, skills, values, or preferences and may involve synthesizing different types of
information. The ability to learn is possessed by humans.
Teaching and learning are two different concepts, which in fact are related with each other and
go hand in hand. It is unfair to declare that teaching always leads to learning and for learning
teaching is always required. Learning may occur without any teaching. We learn a lot without
any teaching through our day-to-day experiences, observation, trial and error, and reasoning.
Librarian can learn so many things by simply observing while doing Library duties. It is well said
that a “good learner may not be a good teacher”, but a “good teacher is always a good
learner”. “Teaching is what teachers do” and “Learning is what students do

scholar denotes a learned person with profound knowledge of any specific subject. Students
may be classified in to primary, middle, High school and higher secondary school in Tamil Nadu.
⪀ Scholar can be described as a person who shares knowledge, ideas, findings, results and such
· conditioning (stimulus-obeying behavior)
· indoctrinating (uniformed belief)
· brainwashing (conditioned behavior/uninformed belief)
4. What is the difference between problem based learning and group learning? Can they be
Problem based learning is used in many medical schools in the United Kingdom and worldwide.
This article describes this method of learning and teaching in small groups and explains why it
has had an important impact on medical education. What is problem based learning? In
problem based learning (PBL) students use “triggers” from the problem case or scenario to
define their own learning objectives. Subsequently they do independent, self-directed study
before returning to the group to discuss and refine their acquired knowledge. Thus, PBL is not
about problem solving per se, but rather it uses appropriate problems to increase knowledge
and understanding. The process is clearly defined, and the several variations that exist all follow
a similar series of steps.
responsibility for learning, sharing information, and respect for others. PBL can therefore be
thought of as a small group teaching method that combines the acquisition of knowledge with
the development of generic skills and attitudes. Presentation of clinical material as the stimulus
for learning enables students to understand the relevance of underlying scientific knowledge
and principles in clinical practice.
However, when PBL is introduced into a curriculum, several other issues for curriculum design
and implementation need to be tackled. PBL is generally introduced in the context of a defined
core curriculum and integration of basic and clinical sciences. It has implications for staffing and
learning resources and demands a different approach to timetabling, workload, and
assessment. PBL is often used to deliver core material in non-clinical parts of the curriculum.
Paper based PBL scenarios form the basis of the core curriculum and ensure that all students
are exposed to the same problems. Recently, modified PBL techniques have been introduced
into clinical education, with “real” patients being used as the stimulus for learning. Despite the
essential ad hoc nature of learning clinical medicine, a “key cases” approach can enable PBL to
be used to deliver the core clinical curriculum.

Pedagogical strategies, which are teacher-centered methods
Some pedagogical strategies allow the teacher to address the emotional, psychological, and
instructor could
conduct an open discussion about the nature of the course material, encouraging students to
voice their fears and concerns about it. This approach helps to create a comfortable learning
environment—a classroom in which students are encouraged to question and take risks
without penalties. Continuing this kind of open dialogue in the classroom throughout the
semester will strengthen rapport between teacher and students and provide many
opportunities for students to discuss different ideas and approaches to solving problems. Class
discussion also reinforces success and transfer of learned skills. Studies suggest that active
involvement is critical in developing problem-solving skills, so using student teach groups to
promote active experimentation with problems is a sound pedagogical strategy. Other effective
strategies include accepting multiple attempts of solutions for an assignment, assigning
personal journals in which students describe their problem-solving strategies, and allowing
students to rework homework and exams for credit. These strategies both dissipate anxiety
because they reduce the sole emphasis on “getting the right answer” and encourage reflection
on the problem-solving process.
Name:- Raza Khan Sial ID:- 18u03088
Q1) How is learning considered a mental process? Also explain why learning and
education?
Ans1) Learning is a Mental Process”, the acquisition of knowledge or skills through
study, experience, or being taught. Learning is acquiring new, or modifying and
reinforcing, existing knowledge, behaviours, skills, values, or preferences and may
involve synthesizing different types of information. The ability to learn is possessed by
humans. Learning and teaching are two different concepts as learning may occur
without any teaching and it is not necessary that teaching leads to learning. In education
these both go hand in hand as for to be a good teacher, one has to be a good learner.
Q2 What is the difference between a student and a scholar?

Ans2) Student can be described as a learner especially one enrolled in a school or
higher secondary school in Tamil Nadu. Whereas a scholar can be described as a
person who shares knowledge, ideas, findings, results and such for furtherance of
knowledge. Thus, scholar can refer to a student and also refer a person who has
attained deep knowledge in a specific field. Scholar as a term is considered to be more
Ans3) Normative teaching requires that the activities of teaching conform to certain
ethical conditions which are
Q4) What is the difference between problem based learning and group learning? Can
Ans4) In problem based learning (PBL) students use “triggers” from the problem case or
scenario to define their own learning objectives. Subsequently they do independent,
self- directed study before returning to the group to discuss and refine their acquired
knowledge. Thus, PBL is not about problem solving per se, but rather it uses
appropriate problems to increase knowledge and understanding. Group learning
facilitates not only the acquisition of knowledge but also several other desirable
responsibility for learning, sharing information, and respect for others. PBL can
therefore be thought of as a small group teaching method that combines the acquisition
of knowledge with the development of generic skills and attitudes. Presentation of
clinical material as the stimulus for learning enables students to understand the
relevance of underlying scientific knowledge and principles in clinical practice.
No they cannot be done at the same time because PBL has implications for staffing and
learning resources and demands a different approach to timetabling, workload, and
assessment. PBL is often used to deliver core material in non- clinical parts of the
curriculum.
Q5 Which of the following is more teacher centric and why? Pedagogical studies or
Ans5) Pedagocial studies is more teacher centric as pedagogical strategies allow the
teacher to address the emotional, psychological, and cognitive barriers to problem-
solving simultaneously. Other effective strategies include accepting multiple attempts of
solutions for an assignment, assigning personal journals in which students describe
their problem-solving strategies, and allowing students to rework homework and exams
for credit. These strategies both dissipate anxiety because they reduce
the sole emphasis on “getting the right answer” and encourage reflection on the
problem solving process.
Fahad Naeem Section J 18U00313
education?
4. What is the difference between problem based learning and group learning?Can they
be done at the same time too?
Q1.Ans. Learning is considered a mental process as it is the acquisition of knowledge or
skills through study, experience, or being taught. Learning is acquiring new, or modifying
and reinforcing, existing knowledge, behaviors, skills, values, or preferences and may
involve synthesizing different types of information. It is unfair to declare that teaching
always leads to learning and for learning teaching is always required. Learning may occur
without any teaching. We learn a lot without any teaching through our day-to-day
experiences, observation, trial and error, and reasoning. Librarian can learn so many things
by simply observing while doing Library duties. It is well said that a “good learner may not
be a good teacher”, but a “good teacher is always a good learner”. “Teaching is what teachers
do” and “Learning is what students do”.
Q.2.Ans. Student can be described as a learner especially one enrolled in a school or college
Students may be classified in to primary, middle, High school and higher secondary school.
Scholar can be described as a person who shares knowledge, ideas, findings, results and such
Q3.Ans. Informing (information with explanations or evidence, no experience provided)
,training (rule-obeying behaviour) ,instructing (training and informing).
Q4.Ans. In problem based learning (PBL) students use “triggers” from the problem case or
scenario to define their own learning objectives. Subsequently they do independent,
selfdirected study before returning to the group to discuss and refine their acquired
knowledge. Thus, PBL is not about problem solving per se, but 6 rather it uses appropriate
problems to increase knowledge and understanding. The problem is clearly defined that
several variations that exist all follow a similar series of steps. Group learning facilitates not
only the acquisition of knowledge but also several other desirable attributes, such as
communication skills, teamwork, problem solving, independent responsibility for learning,
sharing information, and respect for others. PBL is often used to deliver core material in
nonclinical parts of the curriculum. Paper based PBL scenarios form the basis of the core
curriculum and ensure that all students are exposed to the same problems.
Q5.Ans. Some pedagogical strategies allow the teacher to address the emotional,
psychological, and cognitive barriers to problem-solving simultaneously. For example, on the
first day of class, an instructor could conduct an open discussion about the nature of the
course material, encouraging students to voice their fears and concerns about it. Class
promote active experimentation with problems is a sound pedagogical strategy.
Methodological strategies provide a series of steps to assist students in addressing and
solving a new problem, and work hand-in-hand with the pedagogical techniques.
Methodological is more teacher centric as teachers provide students with the steps to follow
and students do not indulge much like in pedagogical strategy.
Assignment
Muhammad Abdullah Sohail-18U00104-Section J
Q1. How is learning considered a mental process? Also explain why learning and teaching are
Ans. “Learning is a Mental Process”, the acquisition of knowledge or skills through study,
experience, or being taught. Learning is acquiring new, or modifying and reinforcing, existing
knowledge, behaviors, skills, values, or preferences and may involve synthesizing different types
of information. The ability to learn is possessed by humans. Teaching and learning are two
different concepts, which in fact are related with each other and go hand in hand. It is unfair to
declare that teaching always leads to learning and for learning teaching is always required.
Learning may occur without any teaching. We learn a lot without any teaching through our day-
to-day experiences, observation, trial and error, and reasoning. Librarian can learn so many
things by simply observing while doing Library duties. It is well said that a “good learner may
not be a good teacher”, but a “good teacher is always a good learner”.

Q2. What is the difference between a student and a scholar?
Ans. Student can be described as a learner especially one enrolled in a school or college whereas
a scholar denotes a learned person with profound knowledge of any specific subject. Students
may be classified in to primary, middle, High school and higher secondary school. Scholar can
be described as a person who shares knowledge, ideas, findings, results and such for furtherance
of knowledge. Thus, scholar can refer to a student and also refer a person who has attained deep
knowledge in a specific field. Scholar as a term is considered to be more productive than a
student. It is a developed step in Student level. Scholar is more of researcher who gives
knowledge to others.
Q3. List any three factors that need to be conformed for normative learning.
Ans. Informing ( Information with explanations or evidence, no experience provided), training(
rule-obeying behavior), instructing( training and informing).
Q4. What is the difference between problem-based learning and group learning? Can they be
Ans. In problem-based learning (PBL) students use “triggers” from the problem case or scenario
to define their own learning objectives. Subsequently they do independent, self-directed study
before returning to the group to discuss and refine their acquired knowledge. Thus, PBL is not
about problem solving per se, but rather it uses appropriate problems to increase knowledge and
understanding. Group learning facilitates not only the acquisition of knowledge but also several
other desirable attributes, such as communication skills, teamwork, problem solving,
independent responsibility for learning, sharing information, and respect for others. PBL can
therefore be thought of as a small group teaching method that combines the acquisition of
knowledge with the development of generic skills and attitudes. Both can be done at the same
time because in group learning we can assign different problems to each group who can then
research and then come back with solutions for them.
Q5. Which of the following is more teacher centric and why? Pedagogical studies or
Ans. Both of them are teacher centric in their own way. Pedagogical approach helps to create a
comfortable learning environment, a classroom in which students are encouraged to question and
take risks without penalties. Continuing this kind of open dialogue in the classroom throughout
the semester will strengthen rapport between teacher and students and provide many
opportunities for students to discuss different ideas and approaches to solving problems. Class
discussion also reinforces success and transfer of learned skills. Methodological strategies
provide a series of steps to assist students in addressing and solving a new problem, and work
hand-in-hand with the pedagogical techniques. Pedagogical studies are more teacher centered
due their being personal attention for the students as they through classes afterwards and
personal journal so they can review their homework and discuss any problems they incur.
NAME : TUBA AHMAD
SEC J
Answer no 1.
“Learning is a Mental Process”, the acquisition of knowledge or skills through study,
experience, or being taught. Learning is acquiring new, or modifying and reinforcing,
existing knowledge, behaviours, skills, values, or preferences and may involve
synthesizing different types of information.Teaching and learning are two different
concepts, which in fact are related with each other and go hand in hand. It is unfair to
declare that teaching always leads to learning and for learning teaching is always
required. Learning may occur without any teaching. We learn a lot without any teaching
through our day-to-day experiences, observation, trial and error, and reasoning.
Answer no 2.
The term scholar and student are classified by the level of the degree or standard,
probably the scholar means “researcher” the student means watching the class
lectures. Student can be described as a learner especially one enrolled in a school or
specific subject.
Answer no 3.
Normative teaching requires that the activities of teaching conform to certain ethical
conditions
brainwashing (conditioned behaviour/uninformed belief)
Answer no 4.
In problem based learning (PBL) students use “triggers” from the problem case or
scenario to define their own learning objectives.
Group learning facilitates not only the acquisition of knowledge but also several other
independent responsibility for learning, sharing information, and respect for others.
They can both be used together as PBL can be thought of as a small group teaching
method that combines the acquisition of knowledge with the development of generic
skills and attitudes.
Answer no 5.
pedagogical strategies are more teacher centric as they allow the teacher to address
the emotional, psychological, and cognitive barriers to problem-solving simultaneously.
For example, on the first day of class, an instructor could conduct an open discussion
about the nature of the course material, encouraging students to voice their fears and
concerns about it whereas Methodological strategies provide a series of steps to assist
students in addressing and solving a new problem, and work hand-in-hand with the
pedagogical techniques.
Marab Mazhar
1- How is learning considered a mental process? Also explain why learning and teaching are considered
two different concepts and how they go hand in hand for education?

Ans) Teaching is undertaking certain tasks or activities the intention of which is to induce learning"
· A teacher can anticipate that certain activities will result in learning,
but not guarantee it.
· In short, successful teaching cannot be reduced to a set of general rules, or a prescribed
pattern of behavior.
Learning is a Mental Process”, the acquisition of knowledge or skills through study, experience, or being
taught. Learning is acquiring new, or modifying and reinforcing, existing knowledge, behaviors, skills,
values, or preferences and may involve synthesizing different types of information. The ability to learn is
possessed by humans.
Teaching and learning are two different concepts, which in fact are related with each other and go hand
in hand. It is unfair to declare that teaching always leads to learning and for learning teaching is always
required. Learning may occur without any teaching. We learn a lot without any teaching through our
day-to-day experiences, observation, trial and error, and reasoning. Librarian can learn so many things
by simply observing while doing Library duties. It is well said that a “good learner may not be a good
teacher”, but a “good teacher is always a good learner”. “Teaching is what teachers do” and “Learning is
what students do

Ans) Student can be described as a learner especially one enrolled in a school or college whereas a
scholar denotes a learned person with profound knowledge of any specific subject. Students may be
classified in to primary, middle, High school and higher secondary school in Tamil Nadu.
Scholar can be described as a person who shares knowledge, ideas, findings, results and such for
furtherance of knowledge. Thus, scholar can refer to a student and also refer a person who has attained
deep knowledge in a specific field. Scholar as a term is considered to be more productive than a
student. It is a developed step in Student level.
· conditioning (stimulus-obeying behavior)
· indoctrinating (uniformed belief)
· brainwashing (conditioned behavior/uninformed belief)
· informing (information with explanations or evidence, no experience provided)
· training (rule-obeying behavior)
· instructing (training and informing)
· teaching (processes of verification, concern for what student thinks, preparing them for
independent action)
4. What is the difference between problem based learning and group learning? Can they be done at the
same time too?
Ans) Problem based learning is used in many medical schools in the United Kingdom and worldwide. This
article describes this method of learning and teaching in small groups and explains why it has had an
important impact on medical education. What is problem based learning? In problem based learning
(PBL) students use “triggers” from the problem case or scenario to define their own learning objectives.
Subsequently they do independent, self-directed study before returning to the group to discuss and
refine their acquired knowledge. Thus, PBL is not about problem solving per se, but rather it uses
appropriate problems to increase knowledge and understanding. The process is clearly defined, and the
several variations that exist all follow a similar series of steps.
attributes, such as communication skills, teamwork, problem solving, independent responsibility for
learning, sharing information, and respect for others. PBL can therefore be thought of as a small group
teaching method that combines the acquisition of knowledge with the development of generic skills and
attitudes. Presentation of clinical material as the stimulus for learning enables students to understand
the relevance of underlying scientific knowledge and principles in clinical practice.
However, when PBL is introduced into a curriculum, several other issues for curriculum design and
implementation need to be tackled. PBL is generally introduced in the context of a defined core
curriculum and integration of basic and clinical sciences. It has implications for staffing and learning
resources and demands a different approach to timetabling, workload, and assessment. PBL is often
used to deliver core material in non-clinical parts of the curriculum. Paper based PBL scenarios form the
basis of the core curriculum and ensure that all students are exposed to the same problems. Recently,
modified PBL techniques have been introduced into clinical education, with “real” patients being used as
the stimulus for learning. Despite the essential ad hoc nature of learning clinical medicine, a “key cases”
approach can enable PBL to be used to deliver the core clinical curriculum.

5. Which of the following is more teacher centric and why?
Ans) Some pedagogical strategies allow the teacher to address the emotional, psychological, and
cognitive barriers to problem-solving simultaneously. For example, on the first day of class, an instructor
could
conduct an open discussion about the nature of the course material, encouraging students to voice their
fears and concerns about it. This approach helps to create a comfortable learning environment—a
classroom in which students are encouraged to question and take risks without penalties. Continuing
this kind of open dialogue in the classroom throughout the semester will strengthen rapport between
teacher and students and provide many opportunities for students to discuss different ideas and
approaches to solving problems. Class discussion also reinforces success and transfer of learned skills.
Studies suggest that active involvement is critical in developing problem-solving skills, so using student
teach groups to promote active experimentation with problems.
Muhammad ibrahim
18U03057
Ans1
Learning is a mental process the acquisition of knowledge or skills through experience. This ability to
learn is possessed by human.
Learning may occur without any teaching. We learn through day to day experiences and observations
Trial and error and reasoning
Ans2
Student is described as a learner enrolled is school or college and scholar as a person who shares
Knowledge, ideas who has profound knowledge.
Ans5
Pedagogical strategies more teacher centric as it addresses emotional, psychological and
Cognitive barriers to problem solving whereas methodological strategies are learner oriented.
Ans3
Conditioning
Brain washing
Indoctrinating
Ans4
In problem based learning students use trigger to define there learning objectives and
Group learning facilitates not only on acquisition of knowledge and also focuses on communication
Skills and team work.
Ghulam Mahmood
Sociology
18u00165
Section j
1.How is learning considered a mental process? Also explain why learning and teaching are
4. What is the difference between problem based learning and group learning?Can they be done
Ans1 learning is the mental process as it is acquiring new or modifying and reinforcing, existing
knowledge or skill and may involve synthesizing different type of information. Teaching and
learning are two different approaches as it is unfair to declare that teaching always leads to
learning and for learning teaching is always required. Learning may occur without any teaching.
We learn a lot without any teaching through our day-to-day experiences, observation, trial and
error, and reasoning. Librarian can learn so many things by simply observing while doing
Library duties. It is well said that a “good learner may not be a good teacher”, but a “good
teacher is always a good learner”. “
Ans 2 the difference between teaching and learning is that “Teaching is what teachers do” and
“Learning is what students do”.
Ans 3 Informing (information with explanations or evidence, no experience provided) ,training (rule-
obeying behavior) ,instructing (training and informing)
ans 4, PBL is not about problem solving per se, but rather it uses appropriate problems to
increase knowledge and understanding. The process is clearly defined, and the several variations
that exist all follow a similar series of steps. Group learning facilitates not only the acquisition of
knowledge but also several other desirable attributes, such as communication skills, teamwork,
problem solving, independent responsibility for learning, sharing information, and respect for
others. PBL can therefore be thought of as a small group teaching method that combines the
acquisition of knowledge with the development of generic skills and attitudes. Presentation of
clinical material as the stimulus for learning enables students to understand the relevance of
underlying scientific knowledge and principles in clinical practice. However, when PBL is
introduced into a curriculum, several other issues for curriculum design and implementation need
to be tackled.
Ans 5 pedagogical strategies allow the teacher to address the emotional, psychological, and
instructor could conduct an open discussion about the nature of the course material, encouraging
students to voice their fears and concerns about it. This approach helps to create a comfortable
learning environment—a classroom in which students are encouraged to question and take risks
without penalties and built a strong relationship and more chances to be open while
Methodological strategies provide a series of steps to assist students in addressing and solving a
new problem, and work hand-in-hand with the pedagogical techniques.
Muhammad Ishaq
Section J
Q no. 1
Learning begins with our senses and their ability to experience the world around us. Those
experiences are filtered through our short-term memory, which processes and assigns meaning
to the sensory information it receives. Educational psychologists apply theories of human
development to understand individual learning and inform the instructional process. While
interaction with teachers and students in school settings is an important part of their work, it
isn’t the only facet of the job. Learning is a lifelong endeavor. People don’t only learn at school,
they learn at work, in social situations and even doing simple tasks like household chores or
running errands. Psychologists working in this subfield examine how people learn in a variety of
settings to identify approaches and strategies to make learning more effective.
Q no. 2
The main difference would be that a student can be described as a learner especially one
enrolled in a school or college whereas a scholar denotes a learned person with profound
knowledge of any specific subject. They both can be used to define a person who attends a
school or a college. But still to differentiate these two, the common usage of words is to be
considered. A student can be described as a learner, who usually attains knowledge through
teachers whereas a scholar is guided by other scholars of his or her field and also takes
immense interest in conducting his studies and research independently.
Q no. 3
Educational systems based on the concept of what a student should learn by a certain age is
essentially normative. There are many different situations where people conform and
psychologists have categorized three main types of conformity, including: compliance, identification and
internalization.
Q no. 4
Problem-Based Learning (PBL) is a teaching method in which complex real-world problems are
used as the vehicle to promote student learning of concepts and principles as opposed to direct
presentation of facts and concepts. While a collection of persons who are emotionally,
intellectually, and aesthetically engaged in solving problems, creating products, and making
meaning an assemblage in which each person learns autonomously and through the ways of
learning of others is known as group learning. Yes they can be done at the same time.
Q no. 5
Methodology is the systematic, theoretical analysis of the methods applied to a field of study. It
comprises the theoretical analysis of the body of methods and principles associated with a
branch of knowledge. Typically, it encompasses concepts such as paradigm, theoretical model,
phases and quantitative or qualitative techniques.

A methodology does not set out to provide solutions it is, therefore, not the same as a method.
Instead, a methodology offers the theoretical underpinning for understanding which method,
set of methods, or best practices can be applied to a specific case, for example, to calculate a
specific result. So it is more teacher centric.
Muhammad Ishaq
Section J
Q no. 1
Learning begins with our senses and their ability to experience the world around us. Those
experiences are filtered through our short-term memory, which processes and assigns meaning
to the sensory information it receives. Educational psychologists apply theories of human
development to understand individual learning and inform the instructional process. While
interaction with teachers and students in school settings is an important part of their work, it
isn’t the only facet of the job. Learning is a lifelong endeavor. People don’t only learn at school,
they learn at work, in social situations and even doing simple tasks like household chores or
running errands. Psychologists working in this subfield examine how people learn in a variety of
settings to identify approaches and strategies to make learning more effective.
Q no. 2
The main difference would be that a student can be described as a learner especially one
enrolled in a school or college whereas a scholar denotes a learned person with profound
knowledge of any specific subject. They both can be used to define a person who attends a
school or a college. But still to differentiate these two, the common usage of words is to be
considered. A student can be described as a learner, who usually attains knowledge through
teachers whereas a scholar is guided by other scholars of his or her field and also takes
immense interest in conducting his studies and research independently.
Q no. 3
Educational systems based on the concept of what a student should learn by a certain age is
essentially normative. There are many different situations where people conform and
psychologists have categorized three main types of conformity, including: compliance, identification and
internalization.
Q no. 4
Problem-Based Learning (PBL) is a teaching method in which complex real-world problems are
used as the vehicle to promote student learning of concepts and principles as opposed to direct
presentation of facts and concepts. While a collection of persons who are emotionally,
intellectually, and aesthetically engaged in solving problems, creating products, and making
meaning an assemblage in which each person learns autonomously and through the ways of
learning of others is known as group learning. Yes they can be done at the same time.
Q no. 5
Methodology is the systematic, theoretical analysis of the methods applied to a field of study. It
comprises the theoretical analysis of the body of methods and principles associated with a
branch of knowledge. Typically, it encompasses concepts such as paradigm, theoretical model,
phases and quantitative or qualitative techniques.

A methodology does not set out to provide solutions it is, therefore, not the same as a method.
Instead, a methodology offers the theoretical underpinning for understanding which method,
set of methods, or best practices can be applied to a specific case, for example, to calculate a
specific result. So it is more teacher centric.
Mian Sammi Kashif Section J 18U00303
Q1. Ans. Learning is considered a mental process as it is the acquisition of knowledge or
skills through study, experience, or being taught. Learning is acquiring new, or modifying
and reinforcing, existing knowledge, behaviors, skills, values, or preferences and may
involve synthesizing different types of information. It is unfair to declare that teaching
always leads to learning and for learning teaching is always required. Learning may occur
without any teaching. We learn a lot without any teaching through our day-to-day
experiences, observation, trial and error, and reasoning. Librarian can learn so many things
by simply observing while doing Library duties. It is well said that a “good learner may not
be a good teacher”, but a “good teacher is always a good learner”. “Teaching is what teachers
do” and “Learning is what students do”.
Q.2.Ans. Student can be described as a learner especially one enrolled in a school or college
Students may be classified in to primary, middle, High school and higher secondary school.
Scholar can be described as a person who shares knowledge, ideas, findings, results and such
Q3.Ans. Informing (information with explanations or evidence, no experience provided)
Q4.Ans. In problem based learning (PBL) students use “triggers” from the problem case or
scenario to define their own learning objectives. Subsequently they do independent, self-
directed study before returning to the group to discuss and refine their acquired knowledge.
Thus, PBL is not about problem solving per se, but 6 rather it uses appropriate problems to
increase knowledge and understanding. The problem is clearly defined that several variations
that exist all follow a similar series of steps. Group learning facilitates not only the
acquisition of knowledge but also several other desirable attributes, such as communication
skills, teamwork, problem solving, independent responsibility for learning, sharing
information, and respect for others. PBL is often used to deliver core material in nonclinical
parts of the curriculum. Paper based PBL scenarios form the basis of the core curriculum and
ensure that all students are exposed to the same problems.
Q5.Ans. Some pedagogical strategies allow the teacher to address the emotional,
psychological, and cognitive barriers to problem-solving simultaneously. For example, on the
first day of class, an instructor could conduct an open discussion about the nature of the
course material, encouraging students to voice their fears and concerns about it. Class
Methodological strategies provide a series of steps to assist students in addressing and
solving a new problem, and work hand-in-hand with the pedagogical techniques. Pedagogical
is more teacher centric.
Idwa Asim
education?





Ans1 learning is a process in which we gain knowledge from the surroundings through
experiences, studying etc. learners don’t always need teachers, they can even learn
through experiences. We can even learn till our last breath, as it is a mental process.
,learning can not be mandated. The teacher actually passes some of the information to
the students and that is also known as the learning process. The teacher gives a
specific task to the students and they perform it according to the teachers instructions,
in this process the teachers are learning too as they get various ideas from their
students.

Ans2 A student is someone who goes to any educational institute eg a college, a
university etc. A scholar is a well educated person who passes on the knowledge to
others. They both can attend a school, hence the scholar can also be the teacher.

Ans3 brainwashing , training, and teaching.

Ans4 in PBL students mainly have the opportunity to solve the authentic problems
followed b the application of the info. GBL on the other hand is when you apply problem
solving discussions in teams, it could also be your previous knowledge about
something. PBL assists learners independently with the problems, whereas GBL
provides content to the students, and gives opportunity to apply them.

Ans5 pedagogical studies are more teacher centric, because it allows the teacher to
address in sort of issues that can be cognitive, emotional barriers etc. it includes the
interactions taking place during the learning process. Learning depends on the teachers
using pedagogical methods in the classroom. Schools use a number of pedagogical
techniques, but some methods are more effective and acceptable than others. In
general, the best teachers trust in their students' ability to learn, and use a variety of
pedagogical methods carefully to ensure that this learning occurs. Successful pedagogy
can lead to academic success, social and emotional growth, technological skills
acquisition and a general willingness to contribute to society.
Mohib Sheikh
1. Learning is a Mental Process”, the acquisition of knowledge or skills through study,

experience, or being taught. Learning is acquiring new, or modifying and reinforcing,
existing knowledge, behaviours, skills, values, or preferences and may involve
synthesising different types of information.
Teaching and learning are two different concepts, which in fact are related with each
other and go hand in hand. It is unfair to declare that teaching always leads to learning
and for learning teaching is always required. Learning may occur without any teaching.
We learn a lot without any teaching through our day-to-day experiences, observation,
trial and error, and reasoning.
2. Student can be described as a learner especially one enrolled in a school or college

whereas a scholar denotes a learned person with profound knowledge of any specific
subject. Students may be classified in to primary, middle, High school and higher
secondary school while Scholar can be described as a person who shares knowledge,
ideas, findings, results and such for furtherance of knowledge. Thus, scholar can refer
to a student and also refer a person who has attained deep knowledge in a specific
field. Scholar as a term is considered to be more productive than a student.
3. Informing (information with explanations or evidence, no experience provided)

4. Group learning facilitates not only the acquisition of knowledge but also several other
independent responsibility for learning, sharing information, and respect for others. PBL
can therefore be thought of as a small group teaching method that combines the
Presentation of clinical material as the stimulus for learning enables students to
understand the relevance of underlying scientific knowledge and principles in clinical
practice. DescriptionProblem-based learning is a student-centred pedagogy in which
students learn about a subject through the experience of solving an open-ended
problem found in trigger material. They can be done at the same time
5. Some pedagogical strategies allow the teacher to address the emotional,

psychological, and cognitive barriers to problem-solving simultaneously. For example,
on the first day of class, an instructor could conduct an open discussion about the
nature of the course material, encouraging students to voice their fears and concerns
about it. This approach helps to create a comfortable learning environment—a
classroom in which students are encouraged to question and take risks without
penalties. Methodological strategies provide a series of steps to assist students in
addressing and solving a new problem, and work hand-in-hand with the pedagogical
techniques. Pedagogical approach is more teacher centric
Anas Mahmud Chaudhry
18U00601
Sociology
Assignment
education?
1.
1.2. What is the difference between a student and a scholar?
1.
1.3. List any three factors that need to be conformed for normative learning.
1.
1.4. What is the difference between problem based learning and group learning?Can
1.
1.5. Which of the following is more teacher centric and why? Pedagogical studies or
1.

Ans.1. Learning begins with our senses and their ability to experience the world around us.
Those experiences are filtered through our short term memory, which processes and assigns
meaning to the sensory information that receive. Learning and teaching are two different
concepts. Learning can be done on daily basis without any lesson. Like, we learn many new
things daily without anyone teaching them to us. On the other hand teaching is undertaking
certain task or activities the intention of which is to induce learning.
Ans.2. Students can be defined as learner especially one enrolled in some educational institute,
whereas scholar denotes a learned person with profound knowledge of any specific subject.
Students may be classified as primary, middle , high school college, university etc.
Ans.3. In normative learning following factors should be conformed
· Conditioning
· Indoctrinating
· Brainwashing
· Informing
Ans.4. In problem based learning students use “triggers” from the problem case or scenario to
define their own learning objectives. Subsequently they do independent, self directed study
before returning to their group to discuss and refine the knowledge. PBL is to increase
knowledge. Group learning facilitates not only acquisition of knowledge but also several other
desirable attributes such as communication skills, team work etc
Ans.5. Both pedagogical and methodological strategies work hand in hand with each other. For
learning and teaching both plays a key role. For example on the first day of semester instructor
could conduct an open discussion to help students so that they can let go their fear.
Saffa Majid
Section J
Q1
Instructing and learning are two unique procedures. Instructing should prompt
learning inside an understudy. Instructing can envision adapting however may not
promise it. Encouraging itself can be depicted as a lot of habits or exercises which
instigate learning inside a kid. As these two ideas go inseparably, we can see how
showing instigated realizing which is itself a psychological procedure. It is the
obtaining of information or abilities through information or aptitudes which have been
instructed. Existing information is found out through educating. Along these lines it
very well may be perceived how these two ideas go connected at the hip. Educating
and learning are two distinct ideas, which in actuality are connected with one another
and go inseparably. It is unreasonable to proclaim that instructing consistently
prompts learning and for picking up educating is constantly required. Learning may
happen with no instructing. We become familiar with a ton with no educating as the
day progressed to-day encounters, perception, experimentation, and thinking.
Administrator can adapt such a large number of things by basically watching while at
the same time performing Library responsibilities. It is very much said that a "decent
student may not be a decent instructor", yet a "decent educator is constantly a
decent student". "Instructing is teachers specialty" and "Learning is students main
thing”.
Q2
The scholar partakes in researches himself whereas the student just takes normal
classes. A student can be described as a learner who is in enrolled in an educational
institute to learn existing knowledge through educational institutions. For example
can be a student at high school learning about existing knowledge.
A scholar whereas is described as a person who researches and looks for more data
about an existing knowledge and he or she shares the findings or results for the
furtherance of knowledge. A scholar can be someone who has in depth knowledge
about a specific or certain field. Thus a scholar is more learned than a student and is
closer to becoming a teacher themselves.
Q3
For normative learning here are the factors which are required to be conformed:
Indoctrinating (uniform belief)
Brainwashing (conditioned behaviour/uninformed belief)
Informing (information with explanations or evidence but no experience attached)
Q4
Issue based learning is utilized in numerous clinical schools in the United Kingdom
and around the world.
In issue based learning (PBL) understudies use "triggers" from the issue case or
situation to characterize their own learning targets. Along these lines they do free,
self-coordinated examination before coming back to the gathering to talk about and
refine their obtained information. In this manner, PBL isn't about critical thinking
fundamentally, but instead it utilizes fitting issues to expand information and
comprehension. The procedure is unmistakably characterized, and the few varieties
that exist all follow a comparable arrangement of steps. Gathering learning
encourages the procurement of information as well as a few other attractive
properties, for example, relational abilities, cooperation, critical thinking, free
obligation regarding getting the hang of, sharing data, and regard for other people.
PBL can along these lines be thought of as a little gathering instructing technique
that consolidates the securing of information with the advancement of conventional
aptitudes and perspectives. Introduction of clinical material as the upgrade for
learning empowers understudies to comprehend the pertinence of basic logical
information and standards in clinical practice. PBL is for the most part presented with
regards to a characterized main subjects and coordination of fundamental and
clinical sciences. It has suggestions for staffing and learning assets and requests an
alternate way to deal with timetabling, remaining burden, and appraisal. PBL is
frequently used to convey center material in non-clinical pieces of the educational
plan. Paper based PBL situations structure the premise of the central subjects and
guarantee that all understudies are presented to similar issues.
Q5
Pedagogical studies are more teacher centric as this technique allows the teacher to
build a proper environment for the growth of a student whereas in the methodological
study the student is required to research and find the knowledge themselves. Both
are effective ways but the pedagogical study is more teacher centric. Some
pedagogical strategies allow the teacher to address the emotional, psychological,
and cognitive barriers to problem-solving simultaneously. This approach helps to
create a comfortable learning environment—a classroom in which students are
encouraged to question and take risks without penalties. Continuing this kind of open
dialogue in the classroom throughout the semester will strengthen rapport between
teacher and students and provide many opportunities for students to discuss
different ideas and approaches to solving problems. Class discussion also reinforces
success and transfer of learned skills. Studies suggest that active involvement is
critical in developing problem-solving skills, so using student teach groups to
Other effective strategies include accepting multiple attempts of solutions for an
assignment, assigning personal journals in which students describe their problem-
solving strategies, and allowing students to rework homework and exams for credit.
These strategies both dissipate anxiety because they reduce the sole emphasis on
“getting the right answer” and encourage reflection on the problem-solving process.
Methodological strategies provide a series of steps to assist students in addressing
and solving a new problem, and work hand-in-hand with the pedagogical techniques.
Khadija Mehboob Ali

Section J
18u00301
Sociology
education?
Ans1: Learning is a Mental Process”, the acquisition of knowledge or skills through

study, experience, or being taught. Learning is acquiring new, or modifying and
reinforcing, existing knowledge, behaviours, skills, values, or preferences and may
involve synthesizing different types of information. The ability to learn is possessed by
humans.thinks, preparing them for independent action)
Teaching and learning are two different concepts, which in fact are related with each
other and go hand in hand. It is unfair to declare that teaching always leads to learning
and for learning teaching is always required. Learning may occur without any teaching.
We learn a lot without any teaching through our day-to-day experiences, observation,
trial and error, and reasoning. Librarian can learn so many things by simply observing
while doing Library duties. It is well said that a “good learner may not be a good
teacher”, but a “good teacher is always a good learner”. “Teaching is what teachers do”
and “Learning is what students do”.
Ans 2: Student can be described as a learner especially one enrolled in a school or
higher secondary school in Tamil Nadu. While Scholar can be described as a person
who shares knowledge, ideas, findings, results and such for furtherance of knowledge.
Thus, scholar can refer to a student and also refer a person who has attained deep
knowledge in a specific field. Scholar as a term is considered to be more productive
than a student. It is a developed step in Student level.
Ans 3: Three factors that need to be conformed for normative learning.

􏰁- Conditioning (stimulus-obeying behaviour)
􏰁-teaching (processes of verification, concern for what student
thinks, preparing them for independent action)
-brainwashing (conditioned behaviour/uninformed belief)
Ans 4 : Problem based learning is used in many medical schools in the United Kingdom
and worldwide. In problem based learning (PBL) students use “triggers” from the
problem case or scenario to define their own learning objectives. Subsequently they do
independent, self- directed study before returning to the group to discuss and refine
their acquired knowledge. Thus, PBL is not about problem solving per se, but rather it
uses appropriate problems to increase knowledge and understanding. The process is
However group learning facilitates not only the acquisition of knowledge but also several
other desirable attributes, such as communication skills, teamwork, problem solving,
independent responsibility for learning, sharing information, and respect for others. PBL
can therefore be thought of as a small group teaching method that combines the
Presentation of clinical material as the stimulus for learning enables students to
understand the relevance of underlying scientific knowledge and principles in clinical
practice.
Yes, they can be done at the same time too.
Ans 5: Some pedagogical strategies allow the teacher to address the emotional,
psychological, and cognitive barriers to problem-solving simultaneously. For example,
on the first day of class, an instructor could conduct an open discussion about the
nature of the course material, encouraging students to voice their fears and concerns
about it. While methodological studies provide a series of steps to assist students in
addressing and solving a new problem, and work hand-in-hand with the pedagogical
techniques.
I think methodological studies are more
teacher centric as it has steps to be followd which are easy to teach and and the work
can be done on a pattern on regular basis which is the aim of a teacher and through this
students can understand the study material easily.

How Is Learning Considered A Mental Process

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Qudsia Noor

2. What is the difference between a student and a scholar?

2. What is the difference between a student and a scholar?

Q2. What is the difference between a student and a scholar?

Following are the factors

conditioning (stimulus-obeying behavior)

indoctrinating (uniformed belief)

brainwashing (conditioned behavior/uninformed belief)

informing (information with explanations or evidence, no experience provided)

Q2 What is the difference between a student and a scholar?

q.1) hows is reading considered a mental process?

Q.2) what is a difference between a student and scholar ?

Q2 What is the difference between a student and a scholar?

2. What is the difference between a student and a scholar?

2. What is the difference between a student and a scholar?

1. Learning is a Mental Process”, the acquisition of knowledge or skills through study,

2. Student can be described as a learner especially one enrolled in a school or college

3. Informing (information with explanations or evidence, no experience provided)

5. Some pedagogical strategies allow the teacher to address the emotional,

Anas Mahmud Chaudhry

Ans.3. In normative learning following factors should be conformed

Khadija Mehboob Ali

Ans1: Learning is a Mental Process”, the acquisition of knowledge or skills through

Ans 3: Three factors that need to be conformed for normative learning.

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