INTRODUCTION – Prof.

Aniruddha Chatterjee
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 Development that meets the needs of the
present without compromising the ability of
future generations to meet their own needs.

 the "environment" is where we all live; and

"development" is what we all do in
attempting to improve our lot within that
abode. The two are inseparable.
 humans have pumped around 2,400bn tonnes of carbon dioxide into
the atmosphere since 1850, creating concentrations of the gas that
have not been seen on Earth in the last 2 million years.

 19 of the 20 warmest years on record have been recorded since

2001, and the world is now about 1C above pre-industrial levels. The
Paris agreement set a target not to exceed 2C, with the ambition to
remain below 1.5C.

 Only urgent reductions of fossil fuel emissions can hope to save us.
 EVENT DATE EVENT DATE

Rachel Carson published ‘The Silent Spring’ 1962 The Antarctic ozone hole is discovered 1985

Kenneth Boulding published “The Economics of "Our Common Future," also known as the
1966 1987
the Coming Spaceship Earth,” Brundtland Report

Paul Ehrlich publishes the "Population Bomb 1968 Foundation of World Business Council for
1990
Sustainable Development
The First Earth Day is proclaimed in San Francisco 1970 United Nations Conference on Environment and
Development (UNCED), also known as the Rio
United Nations’ Conference on The Human Earth Summit – Rio Declaration on Environment 1992
1972 and Development, Agenda 21, Convention on
Environment, Stockholm
Biological Diversity
The Club of Rome publishes "The Limits to
1972
Growth" Kyoto Protocol 1997

Chipko Movement is born in India 1973 Global Reporting Initiative – sustainability

1999
reporting guidelines
Definition of sustainable development through
1982 MDGs 2005
smaller sets – UN

Bhopal Gas Tragedy 1984 SDGs 2015

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 The whole concept of global warming
revolves around the fact that the Earth is
getting warmer, and a significant part of this
rise in temperature is attributed to
anthropogenic causes, i.e. human-induced
causes.

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 https://www.theguardian.com/environment/ng-interactive/2020/oct/05/climate-data-dashboard-carbon-atmosphere-sea-
level-arctic-ice 12
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 Term coined by John Elkington in 1994
 “…captures the essence of sustainability by measuring the impact of
an organisation’s activities on the world…including both its
profitability and shareholder values and its social, human and
environmental capital.”
 Finding common units of measurement
 Measurement in monetary terms
 Measurement in indexes
 Measurement of each (3BL) as a separate entity
 Currently – No universal standard
 Needs to be customised based on geography, level of the entity, type
of project
 Possible to use community based measurement means and subject
matter experts
 Contribution to Profit
 Reduction of costs in supply chain efficiency
 Reduction of long-term costs in infrastructure
 Risk Assessment
 Per human capita income
 Reduction in attrition costs
 Increase in impact investment
 Tax payments
 Increase in skilling of employees

 Reduction in attrition levels

 Access to social security

 Increase in quality of life

 Employee goodwill

 Increase in income of target communities

 Increase in goodwill of supply chain

 Increase in company brand image

 Air and water quality

 Costs of effluent management

 Energy consumption

 Management of waste

 Fossil fuel consumption

 Enhancement of reputation and brand

 Securing a social license to operate

 Attraction and retention of high caliber employees

 Reduced risk profile

 Identification of potential cost savings

 Increased scope for innovation

 Creation of a sound basis for stakeholder dialogue

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 Do old things in new ways
 Do new things in new ways
 Transform core business
 New business model creation and differentiation.

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 Leadership
 Methods for assessing value
 Strategy development
 Management integration

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 Polluter pays principle
 Externalities occur when one person's actions
affect another person's well-being and the
relevant costs and benefits are not reflected
in market prices.
 Eco-efficiency= economic value creation/
environmental impact added

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No matter how generously the resources
are used and technology is improved.

There is only 1 outcome:

“Industrialization can only go so far -
sooner or later , it overshoots the earths
capacity.”
 Interface is one of the largest makers and
sellers of carpets in the world. Interface
developed modular carpet tiles, which allow
customers to replace only the worn sections
while keeping the rest of the carpet in use
longer.

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 India’s position is that it has among the lowest per capita
emissions, is not responsible for the climate crisis, which the
science establishes is due to historical emissions by
developed countries and cannot compromise on ensuring
economic growth of its vast citizenry.

 Delivering the $100 billion a year is a matter of trust.

Germany and Canada will be setting out a delivery plan until
2025 and have it in place before COP 26. For the years
beyond 2025, that will certainly require trillions of dollars,
much is expected to come from the private sector

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How Nature Works How We Work

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 construction industry currently discards 20% of everything it

uses (the guardian.com)

 European Union produces more than 2.5 billion tonnes of waste

every year

 Of the 62 million tonnes of garbage generated in India annually,

45 million tonnes go untreated. (thehindubusinessline.com)

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 valuable materials buried.
 wasteful

 additional negative environmental effects (such as methane emissions

generated from organic waste rotting in landfill).

 more raw materials have to be extracted
 more energy and water use to make new products.

 increased pollution
 loss of ecosystems
 encourages a culture of consumption
 we are running out of landfills
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The circular economy looks at all the options across
the chain to use as few resources as possible in the
first place, keep resources in circulation for as long as
possible, extract the maximum value from them while
in use, then recover and regenerate products at the
end of service life.

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 Linear Circular
economy economy

process take-make-dispose reduce-reuse-recycle

short-term focus, from

long term focus, across
span of process buying raw material to
multiple life cycles
sales of product

focus product service

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Practice closed-loop
recycling

Rent instead of sell

Widen and lengthen the

use of products
 Caterpillar’s remanufacturing arm, Cat Reman
 Jaguar Land Rover is using 50% recycled
aluminium
 Xerox printer system

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 “cradle-to-cradle” vs “cradle-to-grave”
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 BMC covers four main aspects of business –
 Customers
 Offer
 Infrastructure
 Financial Viability
 BMC is a strategic management template/
tool for lean management

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 Includes the following –
 Current and future economic and legal challenges such as
compliances and its impact on product design, cost
structures and revenue
 Current and future environmental challenges including
availability of basic resources and costs for the same
 Current and future social challenges impacting labour force
and customer requirements

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Joyce, A., Paquin, R.L., The triple layered business model canvas: A tool to design more sustainable business models, Journal of Cleaner Production (2016),
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.06.067
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Joyce, A., Paquin, R.L., The triple layered business model canvas: A tool to design more sustainable business models, Journal of Cleaner Production (2016),
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.06.067
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Joyce, A., Paquin, R.L., The triple layered business model canvas: A tool to design more sustainable business models, Journal of Cleaner Production (2016),
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.06.067
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Joyce, A., Paquin, R.L., The triple layered business model canvas: A tool to design more sustainable business models, Journal of Cleaner Production (2016),
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.06.067
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  STAGE 1: Viewing Compliance as Opportunity

 STAGE 2: Making Value Chains Sustainable

 STAGE 3: Designing Sustainable Products and Services

 STAGE 4: Developing New Business Models

 STAGE 5: Creating Next- Practice Platforms

Nidumolu, R., Prahalad, C. K., & Rangaswami, M. R. (2009). Why sustainability is now the key driver of innovation. Harvard Business Review, 87(9), 56-64. 47
Hannah Ritchie and Max Roser (2020) - "CO₂ and Greenhouse Gas Emissions". Published online at
OurWorldInData.org. Retrieved from: 'https://ourworldindata.org/co2-and-other-greenhouse-gas-
emissions' [Online Resource]
https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/headlines/priorities/circular-
economy/20151201STO05603/circular-economy-definition-importance-and-benefits
https://reports.weforum.org/toward-the-circular-economy-accelerating-the-scale-up-across-global-supply-
chains/from-linear-to-circular-accelerating-a-proven-concept/
https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/specials/clean-tech/circular-economy-a-half-a-trillion-dollar-
opportunity-for-india/article30445607.ece
https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/19/business/energy-environment/closing-the-loop-on-recycled-
paper.html?searchResultPosition=1
www.theguardian.com

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