QUALITY DEPARTMENT

PIPING INSTRUCTION * SHIPBUILDING

CONTENTS:
1. INTRODUCTION
2. PIPING THEORY and INTRODUCTION TO P&IDs P &IDs Page
2.1 Piping basic Page 5
2.1.2. Materials
2.1.2. Standards
2.1.4. Pipe system classes by DNV
2.1.3. System Diagrams – P&IDs
2.1.4. Piping drawings
2.1.5. SFI System
2.2. System Diagram Introduction – P&ID Page 8
2.2.1. Going through one typical P&ID
2.2.2. Pipeline components
2.2.3. Introduction to main system diagrams - System by system
2.2.3.1. Cargo systems
2.2.3.2 Machinery Systems & Other Systems
2.2.4. S ecial e ui ment and Ex ressions
2.2.5. Corrosion rotection
3. PIPING ON BOARD
3.1. Fabrication of PT-pipes Page 30
3.1.1 Planning
3.1.2. Measuring of the pipes
3.1.3. Make an ISO drawing of your pipe (hand sketch)
3.1.4.
3.1.4. Bendi
Bendin n with
with the
the bendi
bendin
n mach
machin
ine
e
3.1.4.1. Installing of the sealing
3.1.5. Cleaning of the pipe
3.1.6. Installation of supports
3.1.
3.1.7.
7. Wor
Workikin
n on boar
boardd
3.2. Fabrication of Steel pipes Page 39
3.2.1. Planning
3.2.2. Building of ISO pipes
3.2.3. Pipe building on board
3.2.
3.2.4
4. Ma
Makeke an ISO
ISO draw
drawinin of our
our i e
3.2.5. Calculation
3.2.6. Buildin of i es
3.2.7. Preparing
3.2.8. Start the work
3.2.9. Tag welding of flanges
3.2.10
3.2.10.. Work
Workinin on board
board
3.2.11. Site run of last spool before equipment
 PIPING INSTRUCTION * SHIPBUILDING

CONTENTS:

3. PIPING ON BOARD
3.1. Fabrication of PT-pipes
3.2. Fabrication of Steel pipes
3.3. Some common routing problems to be aware of (for all pipe fitters)
3.4. Pipe erection by block Page 48
3.4.1. Pre-outfitting
3.4.2. Pipe erection by module
3.4.3. Pipe erection with isometric drawing (ISO) and P&ID drawing
3.4.4. Setting of supports
3.5. Cleaning,
Cleaning, testing
testing and
and coating
coating of piping systems Page 58
piping systems
3.5.1. Pipe cleaning inside
3.5.2. Pipe coating/preservation
3.5.3. Pressure testing
3.5.4. NDT testing (Non Destructive Testing)
3.5.5. Flow coding
3.6. Yard standard for i in com onents Pa e 60
3.6.1. Bulkhead and deck enetration
3.6.2. Overboard pipes
3.6.2.1. Overboard pipes and sleeves
3.6.3. Bended pipes and Elbows
3.6.4. Branch line connection with "saddle" or "T-pipe"
3.6.5. Reducers
3.6.6. Drains
3.6.6.1. External drains
3.6.6.2. Internal drains
3.6.7. Pipe supports / Clamps
3.6.
3.6.8.
8. Pi e oint
oint meth
method
odss
3.6.8.1. Pipe to flange with slip-on flange
3.6.8.2. Pipe to flange with welding neck flange
3.6.8.3. Pipe to flange with welding collar in combination
3.6.8.4. Pipe to pipe joint with Straub Grip coupling
3.7. Tank accessories Pa e 68
3.7.1. Tank sounding
3.7.2. Level alarm
3.7.3. Heating coils
3.7.4.
3.7.4. Steam
Steam inin ection
3.7.5. Temperature sensor
3.7.6. Sampling point
4. TYPICAL DRAWING SYMBOL Page 74
 PIPING INSTRUCTION * SHIPBUILDING

1. General introduction
 - This handbook is developed with the aim to be a support for the worker/pipe fitter, for the
foreman and also for the engineer. The handbook is on the whole fairly elementary, being a
reference guide with methods, solutions, key points and alternatives.
- It is the base handbook for a training program for pipe fitters and alternatively for the
engineers.
 - Not many standards, etc. are included in the manual, although there are some in the
appendix. To include all common standards for the pipe fitter the handbook would be quite
comprehensive. Please refer to the catalogue from Brodrene Dahl or other relevant
2. PIPING THEORY and INTRODUCTION TO P&IDs
2.1 Piping basic
2.1.2. Materials
• Piping material to be used is decided in the building specification for the ship.
• Piping material with information about standards and dimensions are given on the
different Pipe system diagrams.
• The common types are as follows:
- Steel, St. 37, Seamless. Galvanized or not galvanized.
+ Main cargo systems
+ Fresh water cooling
+ Bilge system
+ Fire system
+ Drain system
+ And others….
- Stainless steel, type Blucher
+ Sanitary discharge
- Copper Nickel, CuNi10Fe
+ For SW cooling
- Copper, plastic coated
+ Sanitary supply pipes (small dimensions)
- Stainless steel, AISI 316
+ For methanol system
+ For remote sounding inside tanks
+ For hydraulic system wet area SW exposed (=<ND25)
- Precision steel tubes, DIN 2391 (various materials)
+ Hydraulic piping (small diameters)
+ Compressed air (small diameters)
+ FO system (small diameters)
+ LO system (small diameters)
+ and other systems

Page 4
 PIPING INSTRUCTION * SHIPBUILDING

2. PIPING THEORY and INTRODUCTION TO P&IDs

2.1 Piping basic
2.1.2. Standards
 • A pipe standard is a fixed specification for pipes describing in detail diameter,
wall thickness, strength, material specification, fabrication method and so on.
• The normal standards used in VARD Group are as follows:
- NS Norwegian Standard
- DIN Deutsches Institut for Normung = German National Standard
- EN European Standard
- ISO International Organization for Standardization
- NS 2501 (DIN 17177) Normal steel pipes
- DIN 2391 Precision steel tubes
- Traditionally in VARD Norway Offshore the NS and DIN standards have been
dominating. It is a natural development to change more over to the international
ISO standard, specially for VARD Vietnam as an international yard. ISO and NS have
a lot of similarities but for some areas the NS standard is somewhat stricter.
- It has also been developed an International Shipbuilding Standard. For now
this is not a standard that we take into consideration when building a ship in VARD
Vietnam. It is possible that this will be a more important standard in the future.

2.1.3. Pipe system classes by DNV

• For the purpose of testing, type of joint to be adopted, heat treatment and
welding procedures, piping is subdivided into three classes by DNV, class I, class II
and class III. Criteria are pressure, temperature and flow media.
• Ref. DNV Pt. 4, Ch. 6, Sec. 1B, Table B1.
• Ref. chapter 3.5 and appendix 4.2, Drawings, "Pipe systems, Test, Cleaning and
Coating" for a closer description.
2.1.4. System Diagrams – P&IDs
• P&ID is short for "Piping and Instrumentation Diagram"
• A P&ID is designed for each system onboard the ship and is the central drawing
in the whole process from designing the piping system/routing, building the pipes
and testing, until delivery.
• P&ID is defined by the "Institute of Instrumentation and Control" as follows:
1. A diagram which shows the interconnection of process equipment and the
instrumentation used to control the process. In the process industry, a standard
set of symbols is used to prepare drawings of processes. The instrument symbols
used in these drawings are generally based on "Instrumentation, Systems, and
Automation Society" (ISA) Standard S5. 1.
2. The primary schematic drawing used for laying out a process control
installation.
 PIPING INSTRUCTION * SHIPBUILDING

2. PIPING THEORY and INTRODUCTION TO P&IDs

2.1 Piping basic
2.1.5. Piping drawings
• 3D model of ship including equipment and piping
- All steel pipes in the ship are drawn in 3D. The program used for 3D modelling in
VARD Vietnam for the first 6 vessels is Nupas Cad Matic
- To model the ship piping system in a 3D program gives the designer good
control and overview of the piping system. In the building process, easy to see and
modify, where necessary because of changes or conflicts.
- With a 3D picture it is easy to understand how the piping shall be conducted for
the pipe fitter.
- Also data as pipe length or pipe weight can easily be taken out from the 3D
program.
- 3D model is a tool for the designer.
• ISO drawings are generated directly from the 3D program. ISO drawings are
describing in detail how every pipe shall be built and where it shall be mounted.
Issued for use in the production.
• Piping arrangement drawing is a 2D drawing of a room or a section showing all
pipes in this area with notification of pipe reference (pipe number) for each pipe.
Issued for use in the production.
(Piping arrangement can also be a 3D drawing.)
• 3D view or isometric view of each system is a 3D drawing of all piping belonging to
one system. Issued for use in the production. (Optional)
2.1.6. SFI system

• SFI System (SFI – Skipsteknisk Forsknings Institutt – Ship Research Institute of

Norway)
- SFI system is an international acknowledged code system for overview and filing
of information which is widely used in the maritime industry. Main activities often
organized according to SIF system are:
+ Procurement
+ Production plan
+ Drawings (drawing numbers)
+ Component identification
+ Documentation.
• Example of SFI use on drawings:
- Drawing number example:
+ 001-357-060 - Liquid Mud System (vessel no. 1 – VARD Vietnam)
• First number is vessel no. 001
• Second number is main SFI group. Main group 352 stands for
"Loading/discharging systems for liquid cargo".
 PIPING INSTRUCTION * SHIPBUILDING

2. PIPING THEORY and INTRODUCTION TO P&IDs

2.1 Piping basic
2.1.6. SFI system
• Example of SFI use on drawings:
 - Component number example (on this drawing):
+ 357.013.10 - Liquid mud pump no. 1
• The first number is the main SFI group for this component.
• The second number is component number 13 for this system
• The third number is used to identify for example:
o If there are identical components, 10, 20, 30, 40, etc.
o Can be used for identifying minor parts belonging to a bigger part,
such as 01, 02, 03, 04, etc, for throwing nozzles to FiFi system.
o Various use for these numbers on various shipyards. Can identify
starter cabinets belonging to the main components,
351.013.11 (ref. Liq. mud pump)
- Line number example (on this drawing):
+ 357-614-125
• First number is the main SFI group
• Second number is line number 614 for this system
• Third number is the nominal dimension of the pipe, ND125.
- Valve number example (on this drawing):
+ 357.6361
• First number is the main SFI group
• Second number is valve number within this system
• Component identification
- There is a huge number of components on board the ship. It is essential to have
a system for numbering and identifying of these.
- All components on board are identified and marked according to the SFI system.
• It is very important that the components are marked and labeled correctly on
board the ship. For example are all valves belonging to the SW cooling system
starting with 721.xxxx. When the crew is operating the ship they are operating
valves based on the SFI number marked on the valve, which shall of course
correspond to the P & ID system. If this is not correct, the system will not work
correctly.
• The correct marking of any part on board will immediately give information to
crew what system the component is belonging to.
• A piping system is not complete before the marking of all components are
complete and checked to be correct.
 PIPING INSTRUCTION * SHIPBUILDING

2. PIPING THEORY and INTRODUCTION TO P&IDs

2.2 System Diagram Introduction – P&ID
2.2.1 Going through one typical P&ID
• Ref. Liquid Mud System for STX Vietnam b. no. 1.
(see appendix 1 for drawing)
• It is very important that the system drawing is followed accurately. Although a
lot of effort is put into producing the system drawings and checking them at the
beginning of each project it is possible that a system drawing has some errors. If
there is reason to believe so a person in charge and/or the technical coordinator
has to be informed
2.2.2 Pi eline com onents
• Pumps
 - Electrical driven
 - Hydraulic driven
 - Centrifugal pumps
 - Screw pumps
+ 2-spindle or 3-spindle screw pump
+ Eccentric screw pump

 2-spindle or 3-spindle screw pump Centrifugal pump

Eccentric screw pump

• Ejectors
- Same function as a pump
+ Creates a vacuum pressure
+ Cheap and simple construction
+ Powered by waterflow or by airflow.
+ Used for emptying cofferdams for water
+ Used for emptying BHS tanks
 PIPING INSTRUCTION * SHIPBUILDING

2. PIPING THEORY and INTRODUCTION TO P&IDs

2.2 System Diagram Introduction – P&ID
2.2.2 Pipeline components
• See glass or control glass:
 - Control glass mounted on the pipeline so that a person can see visually if media is flowing
through the pipe.
 - Be aware of that the glass is not mounted face down because this makes it very difficult to see
if media is flowing through. Ok to mount horizontally as shown or with see-glass in
vertical position.
 - Normally used on FO supply system.

• Couplings:
- Very often a standard type of coupling is described to be mounted on the end of a pipe.
- All cargo systems have specified couplings prepared on pipe ends in cargorail/outside which
will fit directly to the hose coupling standard on platforms/rigs.
- There is a large variety of different couplings.

Non spill Quick

coupling, coupling,
MannTek Hammer
Lug Union

• Sockets / muffs:
- Equipment mounted to the pipeline such as pressure sensors, temperature
sensors, etc. need a socket/muff (f. ex. ½" with internal threads) on the main
line to be mounted to.
- It is important that the sockets are included in the ISO drawings from the beginning
so that it is ready for the outfitter onboard to mount the sensor. If not it will be
welding on the pipe after mounting onboard. Specially on galvanized pipes this shall
 PIPING INSTRUCTION * SHIPBUILDING

2. PIPING THEORY and INTRODUCTION TO P&IDs

2.2 System Diagram Introduction – P&ID
2.2.3 Introduction to main system diagrams - System by system
• The following introduction and key points for each system is not complete and
should only be used for reference. When designing a system the ships building
specification and rules and regulations are important guidelines to f ollow.
• There are different variations of the system diagrams (P&ID). The following
introduction is based on the first 6 newbuildings at VARD Vietnam, with some
extra systems and info.
• For the builder it is always advisable to read the building specification for ea ch
system before building.

2.2.3.1 Cargo system

• Bulk Handling System – BHS System (SFI: 326)
- The BHS system consists of BHS tanks, BHS compressors, coolers, air dryers and
an ejector.
- BHS is dry bulk like cement and barite.
- Barite is used as weighting material and a barite plug is placed at the bottom of
the wellbore which puts pressure on the drillbit. The alternative would be to apply
more pressure from top which would require stronger, bigger and mo re expensive
drilling equipment.
- Cement is used to seal the drillhole or to plug a well so that it may be abandoned
or similar.
- The BHS compressor is pressurizing the BHS tanks and forcing the cargo to flow
through the pipes. To empty the last part from the tanks the ejector is used.

• Fresh Water Cargo System (SFI: 352)

- The FW cargo system consists of FW cargo tanks and 2 pumps, arranged for
transfer between tanks and discharge to deck.
- The purpose of the system is to supply fresh water to oil rigs and platforms. Also
FW to ships internal FW system is taken from these tanks.

• Fuel Oil Cargo System (SFI: 351 )

- The FO cargo system consists of FO cargo tanks, pump and backup pump. Backup
pump can be combined with base oil pump. System also includes a FO flowmeter
to control how much fuel is received and delivered.
- The purpose of the system is to supply fuel oil to oil rigs and platforms. Also FO
for own consumpon is taken from these tanks.
 PIPING INSTRUCTION * SHIPBUILDING

2. PIPING THEORY and INTRODUCTION TO P&IDs

2.2 System Diagram Introduction – P&ID
2.2.3 Introduction to main system diagrams - System by system
2.2.3.1 Cargo system
• Base Oil System: (SFI: 359 )
 - The BO cargo system consists of BO cargo tanks, pump and backup pump. Backup
pump can be combined with FO cargo pump.
 - The purpose of the system is to supply base oil to oil rigs and platforms.
- Base oil is used as a component in oil-based drilling fluid consisting of an emulsion
of water and base oil. This is resulting in less environmental impact.
- Mineral base oil is a result of a long and complex distillation and refining process.

• Ballast/Drillwater System: (SFI: 801)

 - The main components of the ballast/drillwater system are pump, backup pump
and BW/DW tanks.
 - The purpose of the ballast water system is to trim the boat when cargo is
loaded/offloaded.
 - Ballast water is normally seawater.
 - Drillwater is used as lubrication water for the drilling process and is transported
from land facilities to offshore sites in the BW/DW tanks. No problem that SW and
DW is mixed.
- New rules are in the process of being implemented that requires a BW treatment
unit to be installed in the ship. Purpose of this is to hinder that microbes and
small living organisms are moved from their normal habitat to other
places in the world where they may disturb the normal microbiology, by means of
BW water exchange. BW treatment unit is killing nearly 100% of living organisms in
the BW water, f. ex. by means of UV radiation.

• Brine System: (SFI: 358 )

- The main components of the brine system are brine tanks, pump and backup
pump.
- The purpose of the brine system is to supply brine to oil rigs and platforms.
- Brine is saline water containing more dissolved inorganic salt than typical
seawater.
- Brine is used as a well control fluid in completion and workover phases of well
operations. It is used because it has higher density than fresh water and it has no
solid particles that might damage producible formations.
- Brine is very corrosive and it must be avoided to spill brine in the ship.
 PIPING INSTRUCTION * SHIPBUILDING

2. PIPING THEORY and INTRODUCTION TO P&IDs

2.2 System Diagram Introduction – P&ID
2.2.3 Introduction to main system diagrams - System by system
2.2.3.1 Cargo system
• Liquid Mud System: (SFI: 357 )
 - Main components are pump and backup pump together with liquid mud tanks and
mud agitators.
 - Liquid mud is a water/mud solution used for lubricating the drill bit, stabilize and
cooling the well bore, carry the cuttings to the surface and to control subsurface
pressures.
• ORO System: (SFI: 489 )
 - Oil Recovery Operation (ORO) is the class nomination for a vessel that is outfitted
to collect oil spill from the surface of the sea. This is in case of an oil
pollution incident.
 - If boat is assigned to go in ORO operation it will be outfitted with oil skimmer and
transrec and prepared by the crew within 48 hours to be ready.
+ Oil skimmer is equipment for pumping oil from the sea surface.
+ Transrec is handling equipment for hose and skimmer.
 - The regulations for this system are quite comprehensive such as:
+ Extended gas zones and stricter regulations for ventilating of tanks and rooms.
+ All areas where equipment for pumping oil are located and deck above tanks,
are defined as EX area – Explosion hazardous area. All electrical
components and sensors in this area must be EX proof.
+ Heating of ORO tanks with steam which makes it necessary to install a steam
generator/steam system.
+ Reg. for crane, MOB, radar, tanks, blindflange valves, steam outlet, etc.
• Methanol System: (SFI: 355 )
 - Methanol System consists of 1 pump for each methanol tank, methanol tanks,
cofferdam around methanol tanks and inert gas system for safety/purging.
 - Pipes and tanks are to be produced in acidproof steel, AISI316.
 - Methanol is extremely flammable and is defined as LFL – Low Flashpoint Liquid by
DNV.
- LFL is a class notation by DNV. LFL has flashpoint 60°C and LFL* has flashpoint 43°C.
 - Pumps are normally hydraulically operated and seal and lubricating tanks for the
pumps will be needed on main deck.
 - Special P/V valves (pressure/vacuum valves) are needed for ventilation.
 • Tank Washing System: (SFI: 382 )
 - System consists of pump, tankwashing machines for each tank, duplex filter, small
tank for soap/chemicals, chemical dosing pump and hot water tank.
 - Purpose is to clean typ. mud and brine tanks.
 PIPING INSTRUCTION * SHIPBUILDING

2. PIPING THEORY and INTRODUCTION TO P&IDs

2.2 System Diagram Introduction – P&ID
2.2.3 Introduction to main system diagrams - System by system
2.2.3.2 Machinery Systems & Other Systems
• AHT Winch Servo System: ( SFI: 437 )
 - Anchor Handling / Towing Winch Servo System.
- High pressure servo system (up to above 300 bar) for having control with AHT
Winches.
 - Including lever controls for winches, brake controls, tension controls and
couplings.

• LP Hydraulic System for AHT Winches: (SFI: 438 )

 - Low Pressure Hydraulic System for AHT Winches.
- Low pressure (up to about 60 bar) hydraulic system for operating the AHT
winches.
 - Including AHT winches, windlass/mooring winches, tugger winches, hydr. oil
storage tanks, hydr. oil expansion tanks and pumps.

• Sanitary Water Supply & Hydrophore System: ( SFI: 581 )

 - Fresh water supply system used for sanitary purposes and other.

• Hot Water Boiler System: ( SFI: 648 )

 - Provides hot water for the ship. For sanitary purposes, for AC units (heating), for
high pressure washer, etc.
 - Including hot water boiler, circulation pump and expansion tank.
 - Most often the main heating source for hot water boiler is fuel oil burning. In
addition there are electrical heating coils.
 - If there is a steam generator on the ship, then steam is normally used as heating
source for the hot water boiler. In addition there are electrical heating coils.

• Steam System: (SFI: 641 )

 - For offshore supply ships with ORO system according to NOFO (national
authorities) it is required to have steam heating of ORO tanks. This is to keep
the collected oil hot and liquefied so it can be pumped out to land facility quite
easily.
 - Steam system consists of steam generator, hotwell tank, boosterpumps,
waterpump, steam collector, condensate cooler, etc.
 - When dividing the steam system in main parts the system consists of a steam
art a condensate art and a feedwater art.
 PIPING INSTRUCTION * SHIPBUILDING

3. PIPING ON BOARD
3.1 Fabrication of PT-pipes
3.1.5 Cleaning of the pipe.

• Every pipe must be cleaned by air and oily pipes additional by a sponge (see 000-

blow air in 10s and do not forget to wear safety glasses

• n ng every p pe w a ape a er
• Tighten so much fitting you can in the
cleaning and remove it only on
workshop and mark them with a
board before you connect the
cross
 PIPING INSTRUCTION * SHIPBUILDING

3. PIPING ON BOARD
3.1 Fabrication of PT-pipes
3.1.6 Installation of supports.
• Support always together if possible
• Small pipes can be supported on big pipes (not reverse)

DO NOT GOOD

Too many double supports and pipes

The pipes have a clean design
are not in a straight block
3.1.6 Workin on board.

• Never leave a pipe open !!!

• Tightening always every fitting/support immediately after installation
• Mark the tightened fitting with a cross
• Stainless steel and copper pipes have to be covered with fire blanket after
and during installation and welding
• Check your work one more time
• Clean always your working space after you are finished and keep it clean!!
 PIPING INSTRUCTION * SHIPBUILDING

3. PIPING ON BOARD
3.2 Fabrication of steel pipes
3.2.1 Planning
• Check the drawings and plan the erecting of the pipes
• Check what is recommended for this system (size, material, routing, pressure)

EXAMPLE:

a) Planning:
- check the drawings and plan the erecting of the pipes
- Check what is recommended for this system (size, material, routing,
pressure)

EXAMPLE:

Fire System (example from 003-813-001)

PIPES SPECIFICATION.
PIPING SYSTEM CLASS: |||
PIPE PRESSURE CLASS: PN16.
DESIGN WORKING PRESSURE: 7 BAR
TEST PRESSURE: 10, 5 BAR.
PIPE TYPE ACC. PIPE DIM.: ND < 40:
DIN 2391 PRECISION STEEL TUBES. St. 37.4 (On weather deck to be of
stainless steel).
ND =<150:`` DIN 2501 SEAMLESS STEEL PIPES St. 37.0/St. 35.8.1 (w/3.1 B.
cert,)
ND =>200: DIN 2501 SEAMLESS STEEL PIPES St. 37.0/St. 35.8.1 (w/3.1 B.
cert,)

DNV product certificate for all overboard valves and valves on collision
bulkhead according to
DNV Pt.4 Ch.6 Sec 2 and Pt.4 Ch.6 Sec. 6 C300.

FLANGES/THREADS SPECIFICATION.
FLANGE CONNECTIONS TO BE USED FOR PIPE DIMENSION DN >= 40 AND
UPWARDS,
FITTINGS WITH THREADS, PRESS OR CUT RING TO BE USED FOR PIPES LESS
 PIPING INSTRUCTION * SHIPBUILDING

3. PIPING ON BOARD
3.2 Fabrication of steel pipes
3.2.1 Planning
• Check the drawings and plan the erecting of the pipes
• Check what is recommended for this system (size, material, routing, pressure)
EXAMPLE:
NOTES.
1. RECIRCULATION LINE TO BE POSITIONED AS CLOSE AS POSSIBLE TO THE
TOP OF THE TANK AND TO END AGAINST THE BULKHEAD.
2. FILLING/DISCHARGE STATIONS TO BE EQUIPPED WITH 5" COUPLINGS,
WECO / BEST.
3. HORIZONTAL PUMP SUCTION LINE.
4. THE GALVANIZING OF THE PIPING ARE TO BE EXECUTED AFTER ALL
FABRICATION (WORKING UP
AND WELDING) ARE FINISHED.
 5.TANKS ABOVE SHELL TO BE FITTED WITH SUCTION BILGE WELLS (see
"SUCTION IN WELLS" detail). SUCTION PIPE IN SHELL TANKS TO BE ENDED
WITH SUCTION BELLMOUTH.
6. ALL VALVES, COCKS AND CONNECTIONS SHALL BE READILY ACCESSIBLE
FOR MAINTENANCE AND
OPERATION. PIPES RUNS SHALL BE DESIGNED FOR EASY REMOVAL.
7. CARGO PIPELINES ABOVE MAIN DECK TO BE ARRANGED IN A WAY TO
ACHIEVE AS GOOD DRAINAGE
AS PRACTICABLE BACK TO TANK. THE HOSE CONNECTION END SHALL NOT
HAVE ITS FACING
DOWNWARDS.
8. PIPELINES GENERALLY TO HAVE SUFFICIENT DRAIN PLUGS.
9. PUMPS TO HAVE LIQUID FILLED PRESSURE GAUGES ON SUCTION AND
DISCHARGE.
10. THE CARGO SYSTEMS TO BE REMOTE OPERATED AND CONTROLLED
FROM BRIDGE AND CONTROL
ROOM.
In case you have a DN 50 pipe to build:
-pipe is 60.3mm x 4.5mm
-pressure rating is PN 16
-the pipe must be send to galvanizing
-when the pipe have a water trap on weather deck, a drain socket have
to be installed 
 PIPING INSTRUCTION * SHIPBUILDING

3. PIPING ON BOARD
3.2 Fabrication of steel pipes
3.2.2 Building of ISO pipes
How to calculate the correct cutting length of pipe from spool length on the ISO
• You will find all information in the drawing

Example: Pipe Nr. 3001_8131_125004

In the right upper corner are the part and quantity

In the lower right corner are information about vessel no., coating, galvanizing and
the pipe no.

Spool No.1

The Spool is 3135mm long from middle of the gasket to middle of the gasket

3135mm – 3mm = 3132mm

pipe = 3125 – 3mm = 3122mm

So, you have to cut a pipe of 3122mm

Spool No. 3

The first length is 400mm from the middle of gasket to middle of elbow

Elbow = 18*
the pipe is 383mm – 1.5mm for the half gasket and 2mm for the welding gap
= 379,5mm

You have to cut a pipe of 380mm

- Do not forget to subtract the welding gap and the gasket

A normal gasket at STX Vietnam Offshore is 3mm!!!

………….(please calculate the rest by your own)

 PIPING INSTRUCTION * SHIPBUILDING

3. PIPING ON BOARD
3.2 Fabrication of steel pipes
3.2.3 Pipe biulding on board
Some times you have to reroute pipes because of pipe touching or to erect the
last spool before equipment (pump).
• Measure the pipe on board
• Take a good measuring
• Use a minimum of elbows
• Do not block valve handles
• Be aware for pipe touching

3.2.4 Make an ISO drawing of your pipe

3.2.5 Calculation
• The first pipe is 100mm from end of the
flange on board to the 90* elbow

100mm
 – 5mm (flange)
 – 3mm (gasket)
 – 76mm (elbow), Check relevant table to
find the building length of an elbow DN 50

= 76mm
 – 2mm (welding)
= 14mm 60.3mm pipe

• The second length is 1000mm from the middle of flange to middle of the elbow

You calculate the elbow radius for a 60mm (see appendix 4.4 "bending pipe chart" )
= 36*

The building length you must measure by your self = 81mm

1000mm
-106mm (building length of elbow +36* elbow
-2mm (welding gap)
-2mm (welding gap)
-76mm (elbow) 814mm
 PIPING INSTRUCTION * SHIPBUILDING

3. PIPING ON BOARD
3.2 Fabrication of steel pipes
3.2.5 Calculation
• The third length is 600mm from middle of the bend, to end of the offset

The offset can be calculated (see appendix 4.5 "Bends offset chart" ).
= 48* so you need 2 elbows of 48*
The building length must be measured and is = 113mm
600mm
- 113mm
- 2mm (welding gap)
- 2mm (welding gap)
- 76mm (elbow) = 407mm

• The last length is 500mm

500mm
- 2mm(welding gap)
- 5mm(flange)
- 3mm (gasket) =490mm

To build this pipe we will need:

2 flanges DN 50 PN 16

1 elbow 36*
2 elbow 48*
2 elbow 90*
1 pipe = 14mm 60.3mmx4,5mm
1 pipe =814mm 60.3mmx4,5mm
1 pipe =407mm 60.3mmx4,5mm
1 pipe =490mm 60.3mmx4,5mm

Note:
By building a pipe to connect equipment, the flanges must be point welded on
board.
 PIPING INSTRUCTION * SHIPBUILDING

3. PIPING ON BOARD
3.2 Fabrication of steel pipes
3.2.6 Building of pipes
• Build all pipes in the workshop
• All hot work should be done in the workshop
• Work clean and safety
 All fitting must be cut before you start to built the pipe

3.2.7 Preparing

A parts must e cut exact y E ows ave to e cut wit t e e ow

3.2.8 Start the work

Prepare a clean working

condition
 PIPING INSTRUCTION * SHIPBUILDING

4.TYPICAL DRAWING SYMBOL

Centrifugal pump Screw pump Gear pump W/EL. Propeller pump Diaphragm
Diaphragm pump
W/EL. Pump W/EL. Pump Pump W/EL. Pump air driven

Flow meter Heat exchanger Bucket Box cooler Ejector

2-cell, double valve chest, remote 2-cell, NR. Bilge

operation w/Pneumatic actuator chest

Butterfly valve
Butterfly valve Butterfly valve w/Pneum.
Butterfly valve w/Pneum.
w/EL actuator Actuator&spring
Actuator

Butterfly valve
Globe valve NR check valve NR Globe valve Solenoid valve
 PIPING INSTRUCTION * SHIPBUILDING

4.TYPICAL DRAWING SYMBOL

Relief valve angle

Stor
Storm
m Fla
Flap valv
valve
e NR reli
relief
ef valv
alve Relie
elieff valve
lve Self closing valve
type

Spectacle blind - Spectacle blind - Blind flange valve Blind flange valve 3-way motor
open (Blind flange) close (Blind flange)  NC NO operated valve

3-way thermostat
Temp. reg. valve 3-way thermostat
mixing valve 3-way valve Ball valve
pilot operated valve, WAX type

Ball valve Ball valve W/Hydr.

Solenoi
Solenoid
d ball
ball valve
valve 3-way
3-way valve
valve L-type
L-type 3-way
3-way valve
valve T-type
T-type
W/Pneu. Actuator Actuator

3-way solenoid Quick openning Flow regulating

Regu
Regula
lati
ting
ng valv
valve
e Quic
Quick
k clos
closing
ing valv
valve
e
 PIPING INSTRUCTION * SHIPBUILDING

4.TYPICAL DRAWING SYMBOL

Pressure reduction Self-regulating Fire valve

Diaphragm valve Gate valve
valve valve (Hydrant)

Rubber
Orifice Orifice ad justable Flexible coupling Filter
compensator

Mud box Sight glass Liquid seperator Steam trap Hose coupling

Cargo hose Break away

Amature number Hand pump Deaerator
coupling coupling

Suction piece
Funnel Reducer Blind cover Agitator
 PIPING INSTRUCTION * SHIPBUILDING

4.TYPICAL DRAWING SYMBOL

Low level Alarm

1/4" socket for
tag
Tank washing Pressure indicator Temp. Indicator DPI-
( Test by pin down)
instrumentation

Ball valve for

Pipe up Orifice adjustable Flexible coupling Insulation for pipe
instrument

Flow direction
Corrosion piece Hose Bilge well Scupper
arrow

High level Alarm

tag
Exhaust fan Spark arrestor Flue gas damper Expansion joint
( Test by pin up)

Air vent valve

Air vent valve
Air vent valve venting through Blind cover Agitator
 PIPING INSTRUCTION * SHIPBUILDING

4.TYPICAL DRAWING SYMBOL

Air vent valve

Air vent valve
Air vent valve W/Flame screen
Air vent valve venting through Air vent for Mud
W/flame screen venting through
ship side
ship side

Water trap Goose neck PV vavle