FORMAT FOR PREPARATION OF B.

TECH MAJOR PROJECT REPORT

Project report should be prepared elaborately starting from abstract, introduction, relevant
chapters and conclusion etc.

1. NUMBER OF COPIES TO BE SUBMITTED FOR EVALUATION:

 Three hard copy and three soft copies to the department

(One for central library, one for department library and one for guide)
 One hard copy for each student in the batch

2. SIZE OF REPORT

The size of Project Report should not exceed 100 pages of typed matter reckoned
from the first page of Chapter 1 to the last page of the Appendix.

3. ARRANGEMENT OF CONTENTS OF PROJECT

The sequence in which the project material should be arranged and bound should be
as follows:
1. Cover Page & Title page
2. Bonafide Certificate
3. Abstract
4. Acknowledgement
5. Table of Contents
6. List of Tables
7. List of Figures
8. List of Symbols, Abbreviations and Nomenclature
9. Chapters
10. Appendices
11. References
The Tables and Figures shall be introduced in the appropriate places.

4. PAGE DIMENSIONS AND MARGIN:

Standard A4 size (297 mm × 210 mm) paper may be used for preparing the copies.

The report (at the time of submission) should have the following page margins :

Top edge : 35 mm
Bottom edge : 30 mm
Left side : 40 mm
Right side : 25 mm

The project should be prepared on good quality white paper preferably not lower than
80 gsm. Tables and figures should conform to the margin specifications. Large size
figures should be photographically or otherwise reduced to the appropriate size before
insertion.

Page 1 of 7
5. MANUSCRIPT PREPARATION:

 The headings of all items 2 to 11 listed in section 3 should be typed in capital

letters without punctuation and centered 50 mm below the top of the page.
 The text should commence 2 spaces below this heading.
 The page numbering for all items 1 to 8 should be done using lower case
Roman numerals and the pages thereafter should be numbered using Arabic
numerals.

5.1 Cover Page & Title Page - A specimen copy of the Cover page & Title page for
project report is enclosed.

5.2 Bonafide Certificate – The Bonafide Certificate shall be in double line spacing using
Font Style Times New Roman Font Size 14, as per the format enclosed.

5.3 Abstract - Abstract should be an essay type of narration not exceeding one page
outlining the project problem, the methodology used for tackling it and a summary
of the findings, when typed 1.5 line spacing, Font Style Times New Roman and Font
Size 14. Also indicate the realistic design constraints and how you have overcome
those constraints in the abstract also.

5.4 Acknowledgement – The acknowledgement shall be brief and should not exceed one
page when typed in 1.5 line spacing, Font Style Times New Roman and Font
Size 12.

5.5 Table of contents - the table of contents should list all material following it as well as
any material which precedes it. The title page, Bonafide Certificate and
Acknowledgment will not find a place among the items listed in the Table of
Contents but the page numbers in lower case Roman letters are to be accounted for
them. One and a half spacing should be adopted for typing the matter under this
head.

5.6 List of Table - The list should use exactly the same captions as they appear above
the tables in the text. One and a half spacing should be adopted for typing the
matter under this head. Table are to be given with number like 1.1, 2.1, 3.5 etc, where
first letter indicates chapter number and the second letter indicates table number
respectively. Example: The results are shown in Table 1.6.

5.7 List of Figures - The list should use exactly the same captions as they appear below
the figures in the text. One and a half spacing should be adopted for typing the
matter under this head. Figures are to be given with number like 1.1, 2.1, 3.5 etc,
where first letter indicates chapter number and the second letter indicates figure
number respectively. Example: Referring to Figure 2.8, (or) The details are shown in
Figure 2.8.

5.8 List of Symbols, Abbreviations and Nomenclature - One and a half spacing
should be adopted for typing the matter under this head. Standard symbols,
abbreviations etc. should be used.

Page 2 of 7
5.9 Chapters - The chapters may be broadly divided into 3 parts (i) Introductory chapter,
(ii) Chapters developing the main theme of the project, (iii) Analysis, designs and
Conclusion.

The main text will be divided into several chapters and each chapter may be further
divided into several divisions and sub-divisions.
* Each chapter should be given an appropriate title.
* Tables and figures in a chapter should be placed in the immediate vicinity of
the reference where they are cited.
5.10 How to use literature references in the texts: (examples)
 Gunasekaran et al (2012), studied about the long term performance of coconut shell
concrete under different curing conditions.
 Design co-efficient were considered as recommended by IS: 456: 2000

5.11 Appendices - Appendices are provided to give supplementary information, which if

included in the main text may serve as a distraction and cloud the central theme under
discussion.

* Appendices should be numbered using Arabic numerals, e.g. Appendix 1,

Appendix 2, etc.
5.12 List of References - Any works of other researchers, if used either directly or
indirectly, the origin of the material thus referred to at appropriate places in the report
should be indicated. A paper, a monograph or a book may be referred by the
numbers, placed inside brackets at the appropriate places in the project should be in
ascending order indicated like (Ref.1) or (Ref.4-8).

The listing should be typed 2 spaces below the heading "REFERENCES" in order in
which they cited in the text in 1.5 line spacing justified. The name of the
author/authors should be immediately followed by the year and other details. A
typical illustrative list given below relates to the citation example.

1. Mehta, PK. and Monteiro, PJM. (1997), Concrete: Microstructure, Properties and
Materials, Indian edition, Indian Concrete Institute, Chennai.
2. Unnikrishna Pillai, S. and Devdas Menon.(2003), Reinforced Concrete Design,
Second edition, Tata McGraw-Hill publishing company limited, New Delhi.
3. Johnson Alengaram, U., Mohd Zamin Jumaat. and Hilmi Mahmud, (2008), Ductility
Behaviour of Reinforced Palm Kernel Shell Concrete Beams, European Journal of
Scientific Research, Vol.23 No.3, page.406-420.
4. Frydman S. and Shaham I. (1989), Pullout Capacity of Slab Anchors in Sand,
Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 26, page. 385-400.
5. Andreadis A., Harvey RC. and Burley E. (1981), Embedded Anchor Response to
Uplift Loading, Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 107, (GT1), page.
59-78.
6. Ravichandran PT. and K.Ilamparuthi. (2008), Uplift Behavior of Strip Anchors in
Sand and Reinforced Sand Beds, Indian Geotechnical Journal, Vol.38, page. 156-170.
7. IS: 4091 (1979), Code of Practice for Design and Construction of Foundations for
Transmission Line Towers and Poles. Bureau of Indian Standard, New Delhi –
110002.

Page 3 of 7
 8. Khadilkar BS., Paradkar AK. and Golait YS. (1971), Study of Rupture Surface and
Ultimate Resistance of Anchor Foundations, Proc. 4th Asian Regional Conference,
Bangkok, Thailand, page. 121-127.
9. S.C.Sharma. (2007), Construction Equipment and its Management, Khanna Publisher,
Delhi.

5.13 Tables and Figures – All the tables (use single line spacing) and figures should be
mentioned in the text. By the word Table, is meant tabulated numerical data in the
body of the project as well as in the appendices. All other non-verbal material used in
the body of the project and appendices such as charts, graphs, maps, photographs and
diagrams may be designated as figures.

* A table or figure including caption (caption for table: above the table &
caption for figure: below the figure) should be accommodated within the
prescribed margin limits and appear on the page following the page where
their first reference is made.
* Tables and figures on half page or less in length may appear on the same page
along with the text. However, they should be separated from the text both
above and below by single line spacing.
* All tables and figures should be prepared on the same paper or material used
for the preparation of the rest of the project.
* Two or more small tables or figures may be grouped if necessary in a single
page.
* Wherever possible, the entire photograph(s) may be reproduced on a full sheet
of photographic paper.
* Photographs if any should be included in the colour Xerox form only. More
than one photograph can be included in a page.

Examples:
Table 3.1 Trial mix proportions
Cement Crusher 20 mm 10 mm Water Super
Trials (kg /m3) sand (kg /m ) (kg /m3)
3 (kg /m3) plasticizers
3
(kg /m ) (kg /m3)
Trial –I 400 700 725 475 165 4.00
Trial –II 425 650 700 450 160 4.10

Figure 4.2 Deval’s Attrition test equipment

Page 4 of 7
6. TYPING INSTRUCTIONS
6.1 General
Some information given earlier under clause 5, 'Manuscript preparation' shall also be
referred. The impressions on the typed/duplicated/printed copies should be black in
colour.
A sub-heading at the bottom of a page must have at least two full lines below it
or else it should be carried over to the next page.
The last word of any page should not be split using a hyphen.
One and a half spacing should be used for typing the general text. The general text
shall be typed in Font Style Times New Roman and Font Size 12.
Single spacing should be used for typing:
(i) Long Tables
(ii) Long quotations
(iii) Foot notes
(iv) Multilane captions
(v) References
6.2 Chapters
The format for typing Chapter headings, Divisions headings and Sub-division
headings are explained through the following illustrative examples.

Chapter heading CHAPTER 1 (Times New Roman, font size 14, Bold)
OVERVIEW (Times New Roman, font size 14, Bold)
First Division heading; 1.1 OBJECTIVE (Times New Roman, font size 12, Bold)

Second Sub-division heading: 2.1.1 Analysis and design (Times New Roman, font size 12,
Bold)
Third Sub-division heading : 2.1.1.1 Mathematical Modeling (Times New Roman, font
size 12, Italic , Bold)
 The word CHAPTER without punctuation should be centred 50 mm down
from the top.
 Two spaces below, the title of the chapter should be typed centrally in capital
letters.
 The text should commence 2 spaces below this title, the first word of the
starting paragraph line should have 20 mm tab. (inside from the left hand
margin (indentation).
 The division and sub-division captions along with their numberings should be
left-justified.
 The typed material directly below division or sub-division heading should
commence single space below it and should be offset 20 mm from the left
hand margin (indentation).
 Within a division or sub-division paragraphs are permitted. Even paragraph
should commence single space below the last line of the preceding paragraph,
the first letter in the paragraph being offset from the left hand margin by 20
mm (indentation).
 All paragraphs should be justified.

Page 5 of 7
7. NUMBERING INSTRUCTIONS
7.1 Page Numbering

 All pages numbers (whether it is in Roman or Arabic numbers) should be

typed without punctuation on the bottom at the centre.
 The preliminary pages of the project (such as Title page, Acknowledgement,
Table of Contents etc.) should be numbered in lower case Roman numerals.
 The title page will be numbered as (i) but this should not be typed. The page
immediately following the title page shall be numbered (ii) and it should
appear at the bottom at the centre as already specified.
 Pages of main text, starting with Chapter 1 should be consecutively numbered
using Arabic numerals.

7.2 Numbering of Tables and Figures

Tables and Figures appearing anywhere in the project should bear appropriate
numbers. The rule for assigning such numbers is illustrated through an example. Thus, if a
figure in Chapter 3, happens to be the fourth then assign 3.4 to that figure. Identical rules
apply for tables except that the word Figure is replaced by the word Table. If a table to be
continued into the next page this may be done, but no line should be drawn underneath an
unfinished table. The top line of the table continued into the next page should, for example
read Table 2.1 (continued) placed centrally and underlined.

7.3 Numbering of Equations

Equations appearing in each Chapter or Appendix should be numbered serially, the

numbering commencing a fresh for each Chapter or Appendix. Thus for example, an
equation appearing in Chapter 4, if it happens to be the eighth equation in that Chapter should
be numbered (4.8) thus:

Ppu H 
 1  sin  sin  (4.8)
BH B 2

Where,
Ppu - the ultimate uplift resistance per unit length of plate
 - unit weight of soil bed
B - breadth of anchor plate
H - depth of embedment
 - angle made by the force, to the normal of the failure plane

While referring to this equation in the body of the project it should be referred to as
Equation (4.8).

Page 6 of 7
8. GENERAL IMPORTANT INSTRUCTIONS

 Over view contents should be justified wherever applicable (in abstract, inside the
chapters and conclusion as well)
 Realistic Design Constraints should be elaborated and justified in abstract, introduction,
in the relevant chapters and in the conclusion as well.
 Codes and standards are to be justified in the relevant places along with reference
numbers.
 Earlier courses studied are to be properly placed and mentioned wherever possible and
multi disciplinary team work as well (application of knowledge gained in the earlier
course subjects implementing in the possible places)
 I, we, you, us, they, their, etc are to be avoided while writing the report.
 Abbreviations are to be defined at first place and can be used consistently thereafter.
 For units: only SI units systems are to be used in a standard manner
 Magnitudes and the units and are separated with a space.
Example: 20 mm and not as 20mm
 Multiplication symbol should be used as × as available in MS word symbol and not as
*, x, and X
 Software names are used as per its original name
Example: STAAD.Pro and not as Staad.PRO
 More emphasis should not be given to the software like marketing in the chapter title
and writing the contents
 Placing screen from software outputs directly are to be avoided and those details are to
be made and prepared manually in the form of word Tables only.
 All sentences to be justified (Ctrl+J)
 Table Title should be placed over the Table (Do not use “t” and use “T” to write the word
Table even if the word comes in the middle of the sentence.
 Figure Title should be placed below the Figure (Do not use “f” and use “F” to write the word
Figure even if the word comes in the middle of the sentence.
 Use the standard format given for list of references.

********************************

Page 7 of 7