discussion: COVID-19 will not only have an effect during the pandemic, but may also have some

effects
on travel behaviour and people's mobility. Due to the restrictions imposed by authorities and fear of
infection by individuals, this study presented the outcomes of an online questionnaire survey .The
findings presented in this paper provide some first evidence for this hypothesis. We show that there are
major immediate changes in outdoor activities, work and travel behaviour due to COVID-19 .

It was observed that not that much significant changes major trip purpose not significantly different
before and during COVID-19 but in case of choosing transport mode, significantly changes have been
seen there. Increased use of rent cars transport modes and decreased use of public transport and
private cars during COVID-19 . Such observations indicate that people tend to use safer (in terms of
infection) transport modes during pandemics . Context and emergency service worker had significantly
different with travel distance . Context and emergency service worker have effect on travel distances
and trips tend to become less frequent during pandemics.

On average, the individual number of trips had significantly different before and during COVID-was
reduced by 17% compared to before . The reductions were much more differentiated across different
occupations. People who did not change their job-related behaviours (e.g. did not switch to working
from home or lose employment) reported least total travel time reductions . Also gender and
motorcycle ownership had a significant effect on number of trips .Female were frequent users of public
transport and move on foot more often than men before pandemics but during pandemics , they were
more conscious about COVID-19 .

The findings of this study further explained that gender, car ownership, employment status, travel
distance, primary purpose of traveling pandemic-and related factor (Factor 1) were found to not be
significant predictors of mode choice before the COVID-19 pandemic.

Our findings contribute to the literature on life- events, indicating that certain events in someone's life
could have both immediate and structural behavioural effects .The early out- comes of several research
projects on the effects of COVID-19 epidemic suggest that there is a significant reduction of human
mobility and significant change in travel patterns (Atchison et al., 2020; Bounie et al., 2020; Engle et al.,
2020b; Klein et al., 2020; Meier et al., 2020). A recent report by Lime Micro-mobility also explained that
people might shift to more flexible, short-distance, greener, and community-focused modes, such as
bicycles, and e-bikes (Thigpen, 2020) . We can also observe that gender is the reason of increasing
number of trips specially female but during COVID-19 , there is no significant differences . The tendency
of female to go out has decreased compared to before COVID-19 .The studies on previous epidemic
outbreaks suggest that female gender, higher educational level, size of municipality of the residence
resulted in higher adoption of preventive measures (Agüero et al., 2011).Our research, however, did not
confirm any significant difference between age and gender groups in terms of travel reduction . On the
other hand, the fear of getting infected with coronavirus proved to affect the change in mobility, which
stays in line with other research (Chan et al., 2020).
however, people should be more concern about their travel . Given these uncertainties, it is important
for governments to actively follow the changes in mobility behaviour and the impacts of governmental
actions . Our results might not be comparable to countries . This requires further investigation. mask
using , awareness Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, governments have to deploy severe measures to
contain the virus spread.

conclusion : . This study provides some insights for policymakers of possible restrictions and their
impact on human everyday mobility reduction, which in turn may help to prevent the spread of viral
diseases. The findings of this study could have implications for transport planning during the post-COVID
or new-normal era. Yet we can presume that the situation we described might be useful for other
societies with similar societal structure and wherever similar mobility behaviors . It might be an
interesting scenario for researchers . It would be especially valuable to collect related evidence during
subsequent waves of the epidemic .

It should be noted that there are some limitations associated with this study. Firstly, the answers
obtained in such an exceptional period may be highly conditioned by traumatic experiences during the
lockdown and the high degree of socioeconomic uncertainty about the evolution of the pandemic and
its consequences when it ceases. It was difficult for the respondents to predict the magnitude of the
pandemic effects on day-to-day life, then the obtained responses were partially fulfilled. Secondly , Our
study is based on one district so not fully identified all sorts of socioeconomic people .thirdly , the
people, who had access to the internet and who could understand, responded to this questionnaire.
Thus, generalizing outcomes for an average population in a given society might not be practical. Further,
social, economic, and health inequalities also play a vital role and the behaviors and responses depend
on such factors as well (van Dorn et al., 2020). In addition, it is likely that the reported behavior might
not be a true representative of their actual travel behavior, particularly before the pandemic.

Future research could follow-up on this study in several ways. Firstly, , more in-depth qualitative studies
can be applied to better understand how and why people's travel behavior is changing because of the
coronavirus crisis. Second ,an increase in the sample size and diversity of the sample is recommended
for future studies to tackle this issue. Finally, there is a need for international comparison. The
coronavirus will have different effects for different countries, based on the amount of cases,
governmental policies, and previous behavioral trends. Given the international nature of the coronavirus
crisis and the interconnectivity of the globalized world, international studies are needed to further
research .

Abstract :
The COVID-19 crisis has meant a significant change in the lifestyle of millions of people
worldwide. With a lockdown that lasted almost 1.5 year and an impulse to new normality,
transport demand has suffered a considerable impact in Bangladesh . It is mandatory to explore
the effect of the pandemic on changes in travel behaviour in post-COVID-19 times. This study
examines the changes that occurred in travel behavior due to the COVID-19 pandemic to control
the spread of COVID-19.
Data were collected through an online questionnaire survey using Google forms and used
snowball sampling to collect 30 responses for a district .This online survey duration for a week
and that included questions on some demographic data and some characteristics and factors of travel
before and during the COVID-19 pandemic such trip purpose, mode choice, distance traveled, and
frequency of trips before and during COVID-19. Different type of tests were conducted to collect
required data and the analysis techniques, are presented .

However , we can presume that the situation we described might be useful for governments and
other societies with similar societal structure and wherever similar mobility behaviors although
some limitations associated with this study . So, future longitudinal analyses are needed to
observe these possible structural effects.

Keywords
Travel pattern dynamic , COVID -19 , Passenger travel behavior
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