COMMUNICATION MODELS

LINEAR MODEL (Transmission Model)

• This model describes how a sender, or speaker, transmits a message to a
receiver, or listener.
Characteristics:
1. Unidirectional
2. Simple
3. Persuasion not Mutual understanding
4. Values psychological over social effects
The Shannon-Weaver model (1949), also known as the transmission model
and the mother of all communication models is one best example of a one-
way or linear process of communication consisting of five elements which
have been criticized for missing one element in the communication process,
feedback.
INTERACTIVE MODEL (Convergence Model)
* emphasizes the encoding and decoding elements of the process which also
focuses on the message exchanges between the sender and receiver and vice
versa. Characteristics:
1. It has a never-ending process of communication and feedback
2. 2. Feedback is seen as an important part of this model.
3. The field of experience affects the messages being exchanged.
4. It encourages interaction.

Wilbur Schramm introduced the Schramm model where he emphasized the

need for the source to encode the message as well as for the receiver to
decode the message. These messages will always be affected by the "field of
experience" from various factors namely; social, cultural, psychological,
situational experiences or gained knowledge.
TRANSACTIONAL MODEL
Illustrates how the sender and receiver take turns in conveying and receiving
messages and are called as "communicators."

Characteristics
1. Communication evolves from the very first day(origin) until the existing.
2. Communication is largely dependent on its part
3. Concept of time
4.Communication process is the product of what we learned

• Frank Dance (1967) introduced the Helical model that best illustrates the
Transactional Model by showing how the development of communication is
based on previous experiences or behaviors as well as how the knowledge-
base of a person deepens and expands throughout life.