An Effect Analysis of Industry 4.

0 to Higher
Education

Mehmet Baygin, Hasan Yetis, Mehmet Karakose and Erhan Akin

Department of Computer Engineering
Firat University
Elazig, Turkey
{h.yetis, mbaygin, mkarakose, eakin}@firat.edu.tr

Abstract— From history to the present day, especially in the purposes. Industry 4.0 term was first introduced in 2011, at
field of technology is provided a wide range of developments. The the Hannover Fair and this term is presented under the title
most important of these developments has achieved the of intelligent production.
realization of the industrial revolution, has led to play a leading
role in the production is done by human beings. The effects on To perform the Industry 4.0, there are basically six different
production of industry 4.0 emerging with this mind is very design principles. These are, respectively, interoperability,
important. The qualified employees should be trained to make transparency of information, technical support, real-time data
the necessary preparations for the company in this period, it is acquisition and processing, modularity and distributed
experiencing the fourth industrial revolution. Therefore, the decision. The most important feature of the industry 4.0;
impacts on higher education of industry 4.0 are examined in this machines, devices, sensors and people, especially via the
paper. The importance in education of industry 4.0 has revealed Internet (Internet of Things-IOT) to be in communication with
with statistical data presented in this study. each other and the ability to communicate. In this case, the
production is shifted to cyber-physical systems. Cyber physical
Keywords—Industry 4.0; higher education; curriculum; systems basically means that the whole process from
qualified employees production to consumption are in communication with each
other [3-6]. Thus, in addition to the current production
I. INTRODUCTION conditions, the consumer is included in the production process.
The industrial revolutions are cases that shed light on our In a study conducted on cyber physical systems it is referred to
daily life and these revolutions have led to significant the difficulty of the theory and applications of these systems.
improvements. Throughout history there have been four major First, the properties of the cyber physical systems are
industrial revolution as the basis [1, 2]. These revolutions are investigated from different perspectives such as energy control,
as given in Fig. 1 and below in order ingredients. security control, system resource allocation and model-based
software design. Then, the advantages of these systems and the
• Industry 1.0: The establishment of water and steam into difference from conventional systems is presented. Finally,
mechanical work based on the basis of the Industry 1.0. In some suggestions are given for future works [7].
the late 18th Century, it has emerged. Many communities
have been deeply affected.
Water and Mass Computer and Cyber Physical
• Industry 2.0: Establishment of electricity based on mass Steam Power, Production, Automation Systems, Internet
production lines for measuring the labor force and Mechanization Assembly Line (PLC etc.) of Things
promotion, is the basis of the industrial revolution. This
revolution began in the early 20th centuries, especially
Henry Ford's production line in parallel with the idea that
Industry Industry Industry Industry
was put forward in this process and has experienced the 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0
most significant development has been the basis of the
current production line.
• Industry 3.0: With this movement emerged in the early
1970s, mechanical and electrical-based production 1 2 3 4
machines are replaced by electronic devices can be
programmed. Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) has End of 18th Beginning of Early 1970s Today
emerged in this industrial revolution. Today, it is currently century 20th century
experiencing the industrial revolution.
• Industry 4.0: It is disclosed by the German government and Fig. 1. The steps of the industrial revolution
are responsible for the computerized manufacturing

978-1-5090-0778-3/16/$31.00 ©2016 IEEE

 In another study performed on cyber-physical systems, the
challenges in the design of this system are presented. For this
purpose, it is investigated whether today's computing and
network technology is sufficient for cyber-physical systems in
this paper [8]. In another study conducted on this topic, the
cyber-physical systems modelling have been focused on. In
this context, a fuel management system which is a sub module
of the air tools management system has been used to illustrate
the challenges and some technologies are presented to
overcome these difficulties [9]. The virtualization of cyber-
physical systems process based on virtual machine and
physical components emulator is performed in a different
study. This proposed approach is used QEMU as virtual
machine and Matlab/Simulink as the physical component
emulator. The study also, a strategy for synchronizing the
virtual machine and the physical component emulator has been
developed to achieve the harmony between the real system and
virtualization. The application has been applied to real-world
control problems for evaluation of the proposed approach. A
block diagram outlining the proposed approach is provided in
Fig. 2 [10]. In another study conducted on the topic, the attack
detection and identification process is carried out in cyber-
physical systems. For this purpose, in the proposed approach,
three different target are carried out. First, a mathematical
framework is provided for cyber-physical systems, attacks, and
monitors. Secondly, the various imaging boundaries is
characterized in terms of system theory and graph theory.
Finally, centralized and distributed attack detection and the
identification monitor is designed. Also the results of the study
have been validated through compelling examples [11].
In this study, the details of industry 4.0 and the effects in
higher education are investigated. For this purpose, the features
of Industry 4.0 and the status in the world is presented in
section 2. In section 3, the position in higher education of
industry 4.0 are given in detail. Findings and conclusions are
given in the fourth and final section.
Application
Physical
Operating Model
System
Cyber/Phsical Virtual Physical
Interface Component Executable
Virtual
Device
Virtual
Machine
Fig. 2. An example study in the literature [10]
II. IMPORTANCE OF INDUSTRY 4.0
Industry 4.0, emerged under the leadership of Germany,
and is a term first used in 2011. The industry 4.0 mainly aims
to bring together information technology and industry. In other
words, the industry 4.0 can be defined as smart factories. The
viewpoint of industrial production targeted in the future are
presented in Fig. 3. As can be seen from Fig. 3, the nine
different technological fields in relation to each other in
industrial production process. This situation is the basis of
industry 4.0 [12].
The world's major production companies located in
countries such as especially Germany and America have
focused on the subject of intensive industry 4.0. Boston
Consulting Group (BCG) that performs a survey on this
subject, total 617 companies with revenues of more than 50
million in these countries has examined the status for industry
4.0 [13]. As a result of this study, has revealed that almost half
of German companies developed the initial concepts of
Industry 4.0. A chart that summarizes this survey which was
conducted in March 2016 is presented in Fig. 4. Also the other
question posed to these companies is “Which of these industry
4.0 topics are planned or already being applied in your
company?” The results of this question are given in Table 1. As
can be seen from this table that approximately 60% of German
companies have various plans for the next 1 or 2 years. This
case is emerged as nearly 40% for American manufacturers.
Considering the information presented in Table 1 and Figure 4,
the large companies has made or will made a substantial
investment to the industry 4.0. Industry 4.0 has brought the
most important advantages in a short period of, respectively,
resource utilization, worker productivity and operational cost
reduction. The advantages in the long term, respectively
constant demand sensing, end-to-end automation, resource
optimization and waste reduction [14].
Autonomous
Robots
Big Data and
Analytics
Simulation
Horizontal
and Vertical
System
Integration
Augmented Industry 4.0
Reality
Internet of
Things
Additive
Manufacturing
Cyber
Security
Cloud
Fig. 3. The industrial production process targeted in the future [12]
 % or education. The most basic feature of the Industry 4.0 is
47 aware of all devices that communicate with each other. These
Germany Companies
41
operations can be done via the internet and sensors. When
considered in this context, if the industry 4.0 can be integrated
US Companies
to higher education, it will increase the quality of education.
29 Because the internet and sensor technology allows users to be
18 able to establish an interactive system and students in the field
16
15 15 of education will be able to practice too. In addition, the
13 individuals have adopted the idea can design systems using
this idea for developing own projects.
4
3 III. STATISTICAL RESULTS
The most important disadvantage of Industry 4.0 is the
shortage of qualified personnel trained in this area. In the
Developed Clear
Implementation

analysis, the most important difficulty encountered in the

Prepared
Full Concept in

First Concepts
First Measures

Business Case

Not Yet
Implemented

Developed

implementation of Industry 4.0 is this subject. Conducted by

BCG again, this situation is clearly demonstrated. The results
of this research are presented in Table 2 [13]. As a result of this
research, the lack of qualified personnel is one of the biggest 3
challenges for companies in both countries. In another study
Fig. 4. The status of companies in Germany and US for industry 4.0 [13] also made, the types of education planned by the companies
were examined. In this review made under three headings, the
opinions of the companies on subjects such as continuing
education, occupational training, and new hiring were
TABLE I. WHICH OF THESE INDUSTRY 4.0 TOPICS ARE PLANNED OR
ALREADY BEING APPLIED IN YOUR COMPANY [13] investigated. The results of this investigation are presented
graphically in Fig. 4.
Germany US
Items Planned for Already Planned for Already
the next 1 or 2 applied the next 1 or 2 applied TABLE II. THE CHALLENGES IN INDUSTRY 4.0 [13]
years (%) (%) years (%) (%)
Digital Factory Germany USA
45 19 26 10 Items
Logistic a b c a b c
Predictive
40 17 24 17 Very Big Challenge 9 11 10 7 10 11
Maintenance
Electronic Big Challenge 31 30 21 28 22 23
43 11 22 14
Performance
Mobile and Intermediate Challenge 35 28 37 26 29 35
43 11 28 14
Real Time
Smart Shop, Small Challenge 19 26 24 23 26 22
40 14 26 10
Digital factory
No Challenge 7 5 8 16 14 10
Augmented
40 14 21 13
Reality a.
Lack of qualified employees (%)
Autonomous b.
Concerns regarding data security (%)
39 14 20 8
Robots c.
Excessive investment needs (%)
Social Business %
34 13 20 14
Media 64
Germany Companies

As mentioned at the beginning, the Industry 4.0 is an 48 US Companies

industrial revolution that will affect the production process
and change process using in todays. Therefore, all countries
should give importance to this issue and people, factories, 27
investors need to redirect according to this perspective. 25

Undoubtedly, in order to achieve Industry 4.0 it is inevitable 20

15
to explain the idea to higher education [15, 16]. Currently,
computer-based training technology is used frequently today.
Almost, computer technology is utilized in all areas of higher
Continuing

New Hires
Education

education and trainings are supported by this technology [17-

Occupational
Retraining

19]. Moreover, important developments are taking place on

the internet and sensor technology, and this technology should
also actively being used frequently in our daily life experience Fig. 4. The status of companies in Germany and US for industry 4.0 [13]
 Considering all these cases, the using of industry 4.0 in the
higher education is very important in terms of training qualified
personnel. Giving the concept of principles of the Industry 4.0
in the course for students will contribute to the formation of the
background. Therefore, it is necessary to establish the
curriculum taking into consideration Industry 4.0 design
principles. Thus, this concept will have to learn theoretically
and students will be adopted Industrial 4.0 design principles. In
addition, laboratory practices should be supported with this
issue. It is necessary to practically provide the principles that
gathering and processing real-time data with sensor
applications in the laboratory. Also, along with changes to the
course content to be processed using the concept of
information technology and supported by visual elements will
improve the effectiveness of teaching.
As is known, the most important point of view of the
Industry 4.0, are intelligent production techniques. Through
laboratory practices will apply to students it is inevitable to
make the entrance to the automated control of the world and
these students are individuals prepared to become the industry.
Students in certain periods of time to prepare projects to meet
the Industry 4.0 concept should be requested. Therefore,
educators need to ensure give and follow the project to this
issue. Thus, students who perform theoretical and practical
application of the concept of Industry 4.0 will recognize better.
In addition, the students should be required to investigate
surrounding the production facilities and prepare reports for
these facilities. Students' opinions and ideas must be declared
to be prepared in this report. In this way, students will have to
practice and improve yourself every day. With this application,
the facilities that not recognize Industry 4.0 will necessary
research and development activities.
IV. CONCLUSIONS
The concept of Industry 4.0, is very convenient especially
for the basic engineering sciences such as computer, electronics
and machine engineering. This should be implemented as a
pilot in science curriculum. Later, the scope of this section
should be extended and moved into different sections. As a
result, the concept of Industry 4.0, brings quite significant
innovation in terms of both the industry and the university. To
produce appropriate and qualified students to the industry, the
basic principles of this concept should be vaccinated and the
necessary arrangements should be made. Given that Internet
technology is actively used in higher education, the changes
will be very easy and the effect of these changes will be very
large. The present production is quite significant considering
the issue of qualified personnel, made a significant reform in
education will be an important step in raising the standard of
education in higher education.
In this study, Industry 4.0 design principles, implementing
and conceptual approaches as lectures in higher education and
training and / or dissemination and industry 4.0 concept of
course take place as part of the course content of the proposals
in terms of the way inserted into and analysis are given. Today,
the industry is largely in collaboration with universities. The
most important reason is to train more skilled workers and to
contribute actively to the industry. For this reason, the
involvement of higher education in the syllabus of Industry 4.0
concept is very important in terms of being able to adapt to
future technologies.
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