ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND

PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES
Week 3 &4
Thesis Statement
 What is Thesis Statement?
• It presents or describes the point of an essay.
• Usually presented in the abstract or executive
summary or found at the last part of the
introduction.
• It is written in a declarative sentence.
 Paragraph 1

Paragraph 2
THESIS
STATEMENT
Paragraph 3
 STRATEGIES IN LOCATING THE
THESIS STATEMENT
• Read the title of the text and make inferences on its purpose,
• If the text has no abstract or executive summary; read the first few paragraphs
as
the thesis statement is usually located there.
• In other cases, you may also check the conclusion where authors sum up and
review their main points.
• The topic sentence presents or describes the point of the paragraph; in other
words, it is the main idea of a paragraph. It can be located in the beginning,
middle, or last part of a paragraph.
Thesis Statement:
Jogging has a lot of health benefits because
it can help prevent different illnesses.
Topic Sentence:
• Jogging prevents heart disease
• Jogging prevents some forms of cancer
• Jogging helps treat diabetes
Thesis Statement:
Korean Pop has been a trend now a days specially
in the industry of music, dance and fashion.
Topic Sentence:
• Korean pop uses wide-ranging audio-visual
elements
• It uses synchronized dance formation
• K-pop uses colorful fashion
Summarizing
 What is Summarizing?

• used to determine the essential ideas in a book, article, book

chapter, an article or parts of an article.
• These essential ideas include the gist or main idea, useful
information, or key words or phrases that help you meet your
reading purpose.
 Guidelines in Summarizing
• Clarify your purpose before your read.
• Read the text and understand the meaning.
• Select the underline or circle the key ideas and phrases while reading
another strategy is to annotate the text.
• Write all the key ideas and phrases you identified on the margins or
on your notebook in a bullet or outline form.
• Without looking at the text, identify the connections of these key ideas
and phrases using a concept map.
• List your ideas in sentence form in a concept map.
Guidelines in Summarizing
• Combine the sentences into a paragraph.
• Ensure that you do not copy a single sentence from the original text.
• Refrain from adding comments about the text.
• Edit the draft of your summary by eliminating redundant ideas.
• Compare your output with the original text to ensure accuracy.
• Record the details of the original source.
• Format your summary properly.
Three Formats that you may use in
Writing Summaries
IDEA HEADING FORMAT
• summarized idea comes before the citation.

Bench marking is a useful strategy that has the potential to help public
officials improve the performance of local services (Folz, 2004; Ammons,
2001). Once the practice of a particular city is benchmarked, it can be a
guidepost and the basis for the other counterparts to improve its own
 DATE HEADING FORMAT
• Summarizes idea which comes after the date when the
material was published.
The considerable number of users of FB has led educators to utilize FB for
communicating with their
students (Grant, 2008; as cited in Donmus, 2010). The study of Kabilan, Ahmad and
Abidin (2010)
shows that the students perceived FB as an online environment to expedite language
learning
specifically English. Donmus (2010) asserts that educational games on FB fecundate
learning
process and make students’ learning environment more engaging. As regards literacy,
this notion
reveals that FB could be used as a tool to aid individuals execute a range of
social acts through
social literacy implementation (ibid). Blackstone and Hardwood (2012) suggest the
facilitative
strength of FB as it either elicits greater engagement on collaboration among
students.
 AUTHOR HEADING FORMAT
• summarized idea comes after the citation, the author‘s name/s
is/are connected by an appropriate reporting verb.
On the other hand, active participation of the citizens in development contributes
to a
sound and reasonable government decisions. In their 2004 study on the impact of
participatory development approach, Irvin and Stansbury argue that participants can
be valuable to the participants and the government in terms of the process and
outcomes of decision making.
Characteristics of a Good Summary
• Can be understood without reference to the original.
• Is a faithful reproduction of, or contains only the ideas or
information of the original.
• Is brief with unnecessary details
• Is a readable unified whole
 Techniques in Writing a Summary
 1. Paraphrasing - completely and correctly express other people’s ideas in
one’s own words.

Steps in Paraphrasing
• Read the original carefully and comprehend its meaning wholly and
correctly.
• Consider the original article as a whole not in isolated sentences.
 
 
2. Grasping the central idea
3. Condensation- act of shortening or reducing
something to make it more concise
 Ways of Condensation
• Use synonyms or synonymous phrases
Example: Original (He had a good command of English)
Condensed (He knew English well.)
• Change the structure of simple sentences
Example: Original (My brother as an appreciation of modern art)
Condensed (My brother appreciates modern art)
• Turn complex sentences into simple sentences.
Example: Original (He received a welcome that was as cold as ice.)
Condensed (He received an icy welcome)
• Combine sentences
Example: Original (Hurry up. If you don’t, you’ll miss the bus)
Condensed (Hurry up or you’ll miss the bus.)
4.Finding the topic sentence and making an
outline
 Outline
• establishes the “shape” that essay will take.
• The outline should be a reflection of an essay’s thesis statement, and in
turn, will guide the writer as to what details are supposed to be included in
an essay.
• It may also help a writer establish unity and coherence in his or her
presentation of ideas.
• Outlines are used in determining the structure of an academic paper.
 Two Types of Outline
 
1. Topic Outline – makes use of key words and phrases

2. Sentence Outline – makes use of complete sentences

 
Sentence
Outline
I. Positive effects of uniform policy
A. Promotes school identity

B. Improves school security Topic

II. Negative effects of uniform policy
Outline
A. Inhibits learning
B. Curtails individuality