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Foreword v
Preface to Third Edition vii
Preface to First Edition ix

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1.1 Graphic Language 1
1.1.1 General 1
1.1.2 Importance of Graphic Language 1
1.1.3 Need for Correct Drawings 1
1.2 Classification of Drawings 2
1.2.1 Machine Drawing 2
1.2.2 Production Drawing 2
1.2.3 Part Drawing 2
1.2.4 Assembly Drawing 3

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2.1 Introduction 10
2.2 Drawing Sheet 10
2.2.1 Sheet Sizes 10
2.2.2 Designation of Sizes 10
2.2.3 Title Block 11
2.2.4 Borders and Frames 11
2.2.5 Centring Marks 12
2.2.6 Metric Reference Graduation 12
2.2.7 Grid Reference System (Zoning) 13
2.2.8 Trimming Marks 13
2.3 Scales 13
2.3.1 Designation 13
2.3.2 Recommended Scales 13
2.3.3 Scale Specification 13
2.4 Lines 14
2.4.1 Thickness of Lines 15
2.4.2 Order of Priority of Coinciding Lines 16
2.4.3 Termination of Leader Lines 17
2.5 Lettering 18
2.5.1 Dimensions 18
xii Machine Drawing

2.6 Sections 19
2.6.1 Hatching of Sections 20
2.6.2 Cutting Planes 21
2.6.3 Revolved or Removed Section 23
2.6.4 Half Section 24
2.6.5 Local Section 24
2.6.6 Arrangement of Successive Sections 24
2.7 Conventional Representation 24
2.7.1 Materials 24
2.7.2 Machine Components 24
2.8 Dimensioning 25
2.8.1 General Principles 25
2.8.2 Method of Execution 28
2.8.3 Termination and Origin Indication 30
2.8.4 Methods of Indicating Dimensions 30
2.8.5 Arrangement of Dimensions 32
2.8.6 Special Indications 33
2.9 Standard Abbreviations 37
2.10 Examples 38

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3.1 Introduction 43
3.2 Principle of First Angle Projection 43
3.3 Methods of Obtaining Orthographic Views 44
3.3.1 View from the Front 44
3.3.2 View from Above 44
3.3.3 View from the Side 44
3.4 Presentation of Views 45
3.5 Designation and Relative Positions of Views 45
3.6 Position of the Object 46
3.6.1 Hidden Lines 47
3.6.2 Curved Surfaces 47
3.7 Selection of Views 47
3.7.1 One-view Drawings 48
3.7.2 Two-view Drawings 48
3.7.3 Three-view Drawings 49
3.8 Development of Missing Views 50
3.8.1 To Construct the View from the Left, from the Two Given Views 50
3.9 Spacing the Views 50
3.10 Examples 51

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4.1 Introduction 64
4.2 Full Section 64
4.3 Half Section 65
4.4 Auxiliary Sections 66
4.5 Examples 67