BASIC HUMAN NEEDS
 Nutrition is the study of nutrients and the Mechanical Digestion storage, mixing and
processes by which they are used by the
body.
 Primary role is to provide the building for
the efficient functioning and maintenance
of the body.
 To promote the health of the individual and
prevent the occurrence of illness, nurse
must assist the client in meeting the
nutritional needs.
Digestion is the process by which foods are broken
down for the body use.
Absorption process by which the digested CHON,
CHOO, CHO, minerals and water are actively and
passively transported through the intestinal mucosa
into the blood or lymphatic circulation.
Metabolism is the complex chemical process that
occurs in the cells to allow for energy use.
ANAPHYSIO AND DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
1. The Mouth (Oral & Buccal Cavity)
Digestion starts from the mouth
Mechanical digestion through mastication
Chemical digestion occurs through the action of
amylase (ptyaline).
Breaks starch=maltose.
Deglutition (swallowing) occurs, once the food is
broken down into small pcs and well mixed w/ saliva
(food bolus)
2. The Esophagus
Passage for food bolus from mouth to stomach
Distal end of the esophagus is guarded by LES, also
known as cardiac sphincter
3. The Stomach
Location= ULQ
Capacity= 1500 ml
Regions= cardiac region, fundus, body and antrum or
pyloric region. Lesser and greater curvature
FUNCTION OF THE STOMACH
liquefaction of bolus of food into a semisolid
mixture called chyme.
Secretion 1500-3000 ml gastric juice =
mucus+HCL
Chemical Digestion starts from stomach
through the action of pepsin w/c converts into
polypeptides.
Protection acid medium produced in the
stomach is responsible for reduction of harmful
bacteria’s activity.
Absorption minimal H2O, alcohol, glucose and
some drugs are absorbed through the gastric
mucosa.
Control passage of chyme into duodenum
through peristaltic waves, CHO are emptied
w/in 1-2 hrs. CHON 3-4 hrs. CHOO 4-6 hrs.
The Small Intestine
 Abt. 6 m long (20-22ft)
 Duodenum, jejunum and ileum
 Majority of digestive process takes
place in the duodenum
1. Mucus Secretion
Goblet Cells & Duodenal (Brunner’s) Gland =
mucus to protect the mucosa
2. Secretion of enzymes
 Brush Border Cells= sucrase, maltase,
enterokinase
 Peptidase acts on polypeptides
 Enterokinase activates trypsinogen
from pancreas
3. Secretion of Hormones
Endocrine cells secretes cholecystokenin,
secretin and enterogastrone that regulate the
secretion of the bile, pancreatic juice and gastric
juice.
4. Chemical Digestion

CARBOHYDRATES
SALIVARY &
PANCREATIC AMYLASE

DISACCHARIDES

(SUCROSE, MALTOSE, LACTOSE)

SUCRASE, MALTASE
& LACTASE

MONOSACCARIDES

(GLUCOSE+FRUCTOSE)

(GLUCOSE+GALACTOSE)

d
PROTEINS

d
PEPTIDES

d
AMINO ACIDS