Student's Manual: Beginner

Student’s Manual
Beginner
Module 5
National English for Work Program
El Salvador
Gerencia Técnica
Edificio INSAFORP, final Calle Siemens,
Parque Industrial Santa Elena
Antiguo Cuscatlán
La Libertad
National English for Work Program Series
Student's Manual El Salvador, Centro América
Beginner Level PBX: 25227300
Module 5 Página web: www.insaforp.org.sv
NATIONAL ENGLISH FOR WORK PROGRAM
EL SALVADOR
WELCOME!
To the learner:
Welcome to module five of the beginner level. This set of worksheets will accompany you throughout 56
hours of instruction. From day 1 you will acquire the competencies that are necessary to communicate
successfully in your workplace. All activities are oriented to develop listening comprehension, speaking,
reading, writing, pronunciation, grammar and vocabulary skills.
You will also see some suggested websites for extended practice on your own in your free time.
Congratulations for being a participant of this course and for giving your best to become competent in the
English language!
Contents
Map of the book 6
UNIT 1 Manufacturing 9
UNIT 2 Directions and instructions 19
UNIT 3 Troubleshooting 29
UNIT 4 Company procedures and policies 39

Map of the book
UNIT COMPETENCIES VOCABULARY
Manufacturing Mark steps in a process. Words to mark steps in a

Introduce important information about a product. process, e.g. first, second,
Tell someone how to do something by using third, then, etc.
imperatives.
Discuss and write about the equipment of my
company.
Directions and Tell companies locations using there is and there are. Vocabulary to talk about
Instructions Ask and tell information about places at a company. safety instructions, e.g. wear
Ask for and provide information on location of a helmet all the time, walk
facilities of the company. between the yellow lines,
Give basic safety instructions. don’t touch any machine,
wear the earplugs all the
time, etc.
Troubleshooting Describe issues about machinery. Expressions for describing

Express a problem regarding equipment. issues, e.g. I'll have a look
Make a phone call to report sickness at it..., I need to ..., it doesn't
Ask and answer questions to check that work properly, etc.
maintenance procedures are met.
Company procedures Describe policies in my workplace. Vocabulary related to

and policies Express possibility to request permission. policies and procedures,
Give and receive instructions on company e.g. request permission,
procedures. leave of absence, sick leave,
Write a paragraph about policies and procedures signature, etc.
joining clauses with when and if.
1
6
Map of the book
GRAMMAR LISTENING READING WRITING

What clauses Videos: Completing a chart Write a 6-line
Imperatives The manufacturing about description of paragraph about the
Modal verb: should process. chocolate products. equipment at your
(affirmative and negative Methods of production. company.
statements) Quality in manufacturing.
A guide to machinery and
company equipment.
There is/ there are in Videos: An article about giving Write a six-line
(affirmative statements A bank branches instructions to staff. paragraph about the
and questions) Healthy workplace rules. rules and prohibitions
It's not allowed to. Do's and Don'ts in the at your workplace.
work place.
Podcast about language
and sample conversations
to describe your company.
Present perfect Videos: An article about Write a short paragraph

Idioms Part I, e.g. all in Reporting a maintenance setting up a preventive about the common
sick, take it easy, as sick as problem. maintenance plan. issues with machinery
a dog, etc. People calling in sick. at your workplace.
Phrasal verbs, e.g. seize Tips on how to call in sick.
up, call up, tighten up,
stressed out, etc
Modal verb should Videos: Read an article Write a short paragraph

(affirmative and negative) Policies in two countries. about policies and about policies and
Modal verb could for People requesting procedures. procedures at your
possibility permission. workplace.
Individuals talking about
introducing employees.
Article about asking for
permission.
1
7
1
8
Unit 1 Manufacturing
I will be able to... Let’s star t
1
mark steps in a process. 1 What do you know about manufacturing?
How does your company manufacture?
1
2 Listen to your teacher read the conversation. Then, practice with a partner.
Anna: Mark, would you explain us what the

manufacturing process is?
Mark: Absolutely! This is how we make our
top seller: First, we add a thick layer of
chocolate. Second, we add a thin layer of
sliced almonds.
Anna: Sounds great! And then?
Mark: Finally, we add ginger.
Diana: But what about people who are diabetic?
Can they eat it?
Mark: I’m not going to lie. The amount of
sugar is too high. We considered those
costumers, and we have other products.
We have a candy bar and bubble gum
with zero sugar content.
Anna: Great! Let’s take a look!
1
3 Pair work
Get in pairs and discuss the following questions.
1. What are the words Mark used to indicate

the parts of the manufacturing process?
2. What are the negative sides of Mark's
product?
Watch this video about what the manufaturing process is.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hza16iMwGHo
Watch this video about methods of production.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CLPFG5QCx0g
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9
1
4 Words to mark steps in a process:
FIRST, SECOND, THIRD, THEN, LATER, AFTER, RIGHT AFTER, NEXT, FINALLY.
Examples:
1. First, combine margarine, sugar, two eggs and vanilla.
2. Second, separately, combine flour, baking powder, and salt.
3. Third, combine both mixtures with milk.
4. Later, chill for one hour.
5. After, roll the mixture to about a quart inch-thick.
6. Next, cut cookies.
7. Finally, bake for 10 minutes.
1 A. Read the description of the top selling product of a chocolate factory in El Salvador.
5
B. Below you will find the steps to produce this product.
C. Compare with a classmate.
Dark Chocolate Espresso
Made with our smooth dark chocolate and chunks of our organic espresso beans. Get your chocolate
and coffee fix all at once with this delicious treat!
$2.00
WE CONDENSE FRESH WHOLE MILK. WE COOK THESE INGREDIENTS TOGETHER
1 WE PROCESS TOP QUALITY COCOA BEANS TO PRODUCE THE MILK EVAPORATES TO MAKE MILK
THE COCOA MASS. CHOCOLATE CRUMBS.
WE PRODUCE A RICH CREAMY CHOCOLATE LIQUID. WE MIX THE CRUMBS WITH COCOA LIQUOR AND
COFFEE BEANS, AS WELL AS SPECIAL CHOCOLATE
FLAVORING.
WE ADD SUGAR TO THE CONDENSED MILK WITH SOME AT THE CHOCOLATE FACTORY, WE PASS THE
OF THE COCOA MASS. CRUMBS THROUGH A PIN MILL.
THE COCOA MASS GOES STRAIGHT TO THE FACTORIES CHOCOLATE UNDERGOES THE FINAL SPECIAL
IN LA UNION OR SANTA ANA. PRODUCTION STAGES-REFINING, CONCHING AND
TEMPERING.
Your turn Share

1
1 Choose a product you know about and mark 7 Present your work to the rest of the class.
6
the steps of the manufacturing process.
Self-assessment
Now, I can mark steps in a process...
c Independently c With occasional help c Only with help
1
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10
1
introduce important information about a product. 1 What are 3 things you need to have to a
product manufactured?
What does your company create?
2
Job: Kirt, do you know what you need to have

a good product?
Kirt: Uh! That's a good question. I think that
what I would do is have quality in a
product.
Job: What do you mean?
Kirt: What I'm saying is that your product has
to be the best in the market...
Job: Because of the competence! I get it!
Kirt: Yes! You know, a friend of mine has a
honey factory. What my friend did was
to get fresh honey from local farmers.
Job: Sounds great! And at the same time he
contributes to these people.
1
3 Pair work Discuss the answers to the questions below.
1. What does Kirk's friend do to have better honey quality?

......................................................................................................................................................
2. Do you consider that quality is important? why?
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
Watch this video about quality in manufacturing.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LgiJmwLVDXw
Watch this video about a manufacturing engineer.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ypZiSguq4jM
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1 How to use what clauses...
4
What clauses are often the subject of the verb be, which can be followed by a word, phrase or a clause.
What you need... What you need is to have a great product.
What my friend did... What my friend did was get fresh ingredients.
What I would do... What I would do is sell my product in new markets.
What I'm saying is... What I'm saying is that it is not an easy task.
1
5 Select the best expression from the table in section 4 to complete the sentences.
1. My best friend just opened his own shop. ____________________________________ was open it in a good mall.
2. Many people want to start their own business._______________________________ is lots of information.
3. I don't know where she has to start._________________________________ is promote the products online.
4. People don't buy new products because they can't. ____________________________ is there is no demand.
1 Your turn
6
Prepare a 2-minute presentation about a
product from your company. Introduce
important information about this product
using what clauses.
1 Share
7
Take turns sharing your presentation with
two classmates or with the whole class.
Self-assessment
Now I can use what clauses to introduce important information about products...
1
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12
1 What is the first thing you pay attention to
tell someone how to do something by using 1
imperatives. when buying a product? What is the most
important thing for you?
1 Listen to your teacher read the conversation.
2
Then, practice with a partner.
Ms. Hello Mr. Roland. Today is your first day at
Nuñez: the plant. My name is Miss Nuñez and I’m
going to explain what you must do in the
production line.
Mr. Nice to meet you Ms. Nuñez. Where do we
Roland: start?
Ms. First, you are in charge of stopping the
Nuñez: conveyor belt: please push this red
button. Second, grab a pair of tongs and
pick every piece of chocolate. Read this
chart and check every piece. Make sure
each meets the specifications in this chart.
Third, place the defective chocolate in
this funnel. Finally, fill in a report at the
end of the day about the defective pieces.
1 Pair work
3
Get in pairs and discuss the answers to the questions below.
1. Who is responsible for stopping the conveyor belt?

............................................................................
2. What are some of Mr. Roland's responsibilities?
............................................................................
3. What kind of machinery is there in you work place?
.............................................................................
Expand your vocabulary with these manufacturing-related process flashcards.

http://quizlet.com/1887941/7-steps-of-the-manufacturing-process-flash-cards/
Watch this video about a guide to machining.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TecC9_nwpUw
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Unit 1 Unit 1 Manufacturing
1 How to use imperatives
4
Use imperatives to give an order, to give instructions, or to make invitations.

Imperatives do not have a subject.
Example:
1. Read this chart and check every piece. 2. Fill in a report about the defective pieces.
3. Unplug this cord and connect the blue one. 4. Verify the oil level.
1 Look at the diagram of how this chocolate product is made. Label each step in order using the
5
words in the diagram.
Separate the raw materials to get only the best coca beans
____________ all the ingredients to make the chocolate tablet
____________ the cocoa beans into powder
____________ the powder with milk
____________ the chocolate package to finish.
____________ a simple paste
____________ the package
____________ quality in quality control
1 Your turn 1 Share

6 7
Pair work. Get in pairs and create a conversation using Present the conversation in front of
imperatives to order or give instructions to manufacture the whole class.
a product.
Self-assessment
Now I can use imperatives...
1
14
discuss and write about the equipment of my 1
1 What type of equipment is there at your
company. company? Do you use it? Why?
2
Peter: Bertha, do you think that our company
should improve the manufacturing
process?
Bertha: I believe so! Why do you ask?
Peter: Because if we do so, we reduce costs.
Bertha : I see. I think that we should do what
other companies are doing...
Peter: And that is...?

Bertha: Getting new equipment. I mean, we
should not have the same machines with
the same programs. We should be in
the 21st century!
Peter: Right! Maybe we should talk about that
in the next meeting...
1 Pair work.
3
Say if the statements below are TRUE or FALSE
1. How is the manufacturing process in your company?

............................................................................................................................
2. What do you think about the equipment at your company?
Does it need to be upgraded? Why?
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
Video about a man talking about company equipment.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CH3sGWJwf8k
Exercises to practice should and shouldn't.
http://www.eclecticenglish.com/grammar/Should1A.html
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1
4 How to use should
Should is a modal verb to give advice or to talk about what we think is right or wrong.
Structure: subject + should (not) + verb + complement
We should upgrade our system. We should not continue with the same market.
They should bring new equipment. This company should broad its target.
1 A. Complete the statements using should or should not

5
B. Compare your answers with a partner.
1. Our products_______________ be fresh.
2. This company_______________ forget about quality.
3. We_______________ explore new markets.
4. The machinery_______________ be old.
5. All the employess_______________ use the machinery.
61 Your turn
Write a 6-line paragraph about the equipment at your company. Use should and should not.
Self-assessment
Now I can write a short paragraph about the equipment of my company...
1
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14
1 Vocabulary practice
1 Listen to your teacher read the conversation and practice in pairs.
John: We were very busy yesterday. We had a

lot of customers.
Ben: We did. I think we need to stock our
inventory.
John: Yes, we don’t have enough quantity of
chocolate caramel.
Ben: What was our inventory turnover for
chocolate caramel?
What about the cost?
John: Right now it’s 3 for this year. And the
cost is $30 per unit.
Ben: That's great!
21 Match the definitions with the words below.
1.______________ a particular amount of anything.
2.______________ a complete listing of merchandise or stock on hand.
3.______________ the price paid to get something.
4.______________ the number of times a company sells its inventory a year.
5.______________ to get more product in the inventory.
cost inventory turnover stock quantity inventory
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1 Reading
3
Read the description of the chocolate products below and complete the chart with products
specifications..
Name
Code
SIze
(Box with 6 units)
Ingredients
Weight
Price per unit

(Box with 6 units)
1
4 Share
Share your answers with 3 or 4 classmates.
1
18
Unit 2 Directions and instructions
1
tell companies locations using there is and there are. 1 What places are there in your work place?
How many meeting rooms do exist in your
company?
Tom: My name is Tom. Nice to meet you!
Orson: Nice to meet you, too. I’m Orson. I work

for HODGE.
Tom: Oh! I know that company! There is an
office in San Salvador downtown.
Orson: Yes! We're growing, so there are not
many branches in the country yet. There
are few. What company do you work for?
Tom: I work for ECO, the painting company.
There are 25 branches in the country.
That's great! I visited one of the stores the
Orson: other day...
Tom: Yeah... There are 6 in San Salvador.
Orson: We are planning on launching one in
Santa Ana these days. There isn't one yet.
3 Figure it out
Fill in the blanks to complete the following sentences.
1. There _____ three offices in San Salvador.

2. There _____ one store in Soyapango.
3. There _____ not any offices in this region yet.
Watch this video about a bank branches

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cA4etGLhIVs
Podcast about language and sample conversations to describe your company.
https://www.businessenglishpod.com/2010/05/09/bep-160-int-talking-about-your-company/
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1 How to use there is and there are
4
Use there is and there are to state that something exists.

We use there is for singular nouns. And there are for plural nouns.
Add "not" after be to create the negative form.
There is one office in San Salvador. There are three distribution centers in Ilopango.
There is not a store the city. There are not many places to have a meeting.
1
5 Read the sentences, find the mistake and correct it.
1. There is two branches in El Salvador._________________________________________________________________________
2. There are one facilities available._____________________________________________________________________________
3. There is a new offices. ______________________________________________________________________________________
4. There not are materials to work._____________________________________________________________________________
5. There is not three boxes in the lobby.________________________________________________________________________
1 Your turn
6
Get in pairs and prepare a 2-minute
conversation about your companies.
Tell the companies' location (offices/
branches) and in what cities they are present.
Use the model conversation in Ex. 2 as a
reference.
1
7 Share
Present your conversation to the class.
Self-assessment
Now I can use there is and there are to tell companies locations...
1
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20
1
ask and tell information about places at a company. 1 Do you usually receive business guests in
your workplace? Do you enjoy welcoming
guests? Why?
Listen to your teacher read the conversation. Then, practice with a partner.
1
2 Ms. Jenner is supervising a new branch, and she asks about the location of the places in the branch.
Ms. Good morning, ar you Michael Perez?

Jenner
Michael: Good morning. Yes, I am.
Ms. My name is Jane Jenner. I’m the
Jenner: supervisor on duty. Nice to meet you.
Michael : Nice to meet you, Ms. Jenner!
Ms. Let's get started! Is there a conference
Jenner: room in here? And if so, are there
enough seats for listeners?
Michael: Yes! Absolutely! The conference room
in next to the training room.
Ms. Got it! How about lounges or
Jenner: recreational places. Is there a lounge?
Ms. Yes! It is in front of the cafeteria. Inside
Jenner: the new building wing.
Pair work
31
Complete the questions about the
conversation . Then, write the answers.
1.________ there enough seats for listeners?
2.________ there a conference room?
Watch this video about two women talking about the places in a building.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Aq8bI-6zga4
Website with more information about is there and are there...
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/grammar/there_is_there_are.htm
1
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1 How to use there is and there are in questions
4
Look at the words in bolds and complete the statement in the box.
1. Is there a meeting room in your company?
2. Is there a treatment plant in your work place?
3. Are there enough representatives?
4. Are there many restrooms in your work?
To ask singular questions we use:_________________________________________

To ask plural questions we use:____________________________________________
1 A. Write the questions that correspond to the answers that follow. Use the words in parentheses.
5 B. Compare your answers with a partner.
1. Is there a conference room in your company? (conference room)

Yes, there is one. It is next to the Manager's office.
2. (training rooms)
No, there are not any. We have no training rooms.
3. (on site clicnic)
No, there is not one.
4. (restrooms)
Yes, there are five restrooms inside the building.
1 Your turn 1 Share

6 7
Write five questions asking about places at work. Share the answers you got with your
classmates.
Use Is there and are there. Write the answers you get.
Self-assessment
Now I can ask and tell information about places at a company...
1
22
1
ask for and provide information on location of 1 Do you know where the different rooms are
facilities of the company. in your workplace? Tell a partner.
1
Walter: Good morning, everyone. It’s a

pleasure to introduce the new floor
safety engineer.
Mary: Hello everybody. I am Mary and I am
providing some safety instructions
today.
Walter: Tell us about that Ms. Mary.
Mary: Wear a helmet all the time. Walk
between the yellow lines. And don't
forget to wear the earplugs all the time.
It is important not to get close to red
areas.
1
3 Pair work
See the diagram of the REX facilities and identify the different places.
A: Production Area
B: Reception
Area
C: Planning Area
D: Manager Office
E: Auditor Office.
F: Quality
Control
G: Restrooms
H: Exit
I: Parking
1 Pair work
4 Vocabulary:
You are at the parking and you have these questions: • Go straight
• Turn left / right
1.Where are the rest rooms?
• Walk 10 meters
2. Where is quality control?
• Walk through the production area
3. Where is the manager office?
4. Where is the exit?
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1
5 Pair work
You are at the parking and you are visiting REX facilities. Your questions are:
How can I get to the auditor office?
How can I get to the Quality Control Department? How can I get to the Planning Area?
How can I get to the rest rooms?
1
6 Pair work
Answer the following questions about REX facilities. Then, share your answers to your classmates.
How many areas are there in REX facilities?

Is there a financial office in these facilities?
How many quality control offices are there?
Is there an auditor office?
1 Your turn
7 A group of visitors is coming to REX facilities. Safety instructions:
Explain to them the set of basic rules and safety instructions
for visitors in a courteous way. -Wear a helmet all the time.
1. _________________________________________________________________ -Walk between the yellow lines.
2. _________________________________________________________________ -Don’t touch any machine.
-Wear the earplugs all the time.
3. _________________________________________________________________
-Wear industrials boots.
4. _________________________________________________________________
-Don’t get close to red areas.
5. _________________________________________________________________
1 Your turn 1. Locate an evacuation route.

8
Group work. Make groups of 4. 2. Stay calm
Memorize the safety instructions and take
3. Call the fire department
turns telling them.
4. Use the elevator
5. Get back if you forgot personal object
1 Check what to do in case of fire in your 6. Use any fire extinctor
9
workplace. 7. Follow instructions from the rescue team
8. Get close to the fire
9. Go to the meeting point
10. Lock the doors
Self-assessment
Now I can describe ask for and provide information on location of facilities of the company.
1
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24
I will be able to... 1 Let’s star t
1
mention rules and prohibitions at my work place. What are some rules in your company?
Do you think it is important to follow rules?
Why?
2
Sandra Good morning, Mr. Cea, I want to know

about the procedures with the new
employee.
Mr. Cea: Well, he cannot continue with us.
Sandra: I see. Is it because of what happened?
Mr. Cea: Yes! He was caught smoking inside the

company, and it is not allowed.
Sandra: I understand. He knew the values of
our company, so there is no excuse.
And also, it is not allowed to sleep in
work hours.
Mr. Cea: You are right. It is also not allowed to
use the cellphone in work hours.
1
3 Pair Work
Discuss the following questions:

1. What are some rules in Sandra's company?
2. What is the problem with the new employee?
3. Are these rules similar to your company's? How?
Watch this video about The Healthy Workplace Rules

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6ow210mT6_A
Podcast about the Do's and Don'ts in the work place
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zex9hKT2XZI
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1 'How to use it's not allowed...
4
Use it's not allowed to to talk about prohibitions that we have in a particular place.
It is not allowed to smoke inside the facilities. It is not allowed to use cell phones.
It is not allowed to take tools home. It is not allowed to sleep in working hours.
It is not allowed to drink alcoholic It is not allowed to run in any area of the company.
beverages.
51 Pair work
Get in pairs and discuss the rules you both have in your work place.
1 Your turn
6
Write a 6-line paragraph about the rules and
prohibitions at your workplace.
Use it is not allowed to.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Self-assessment
Now I can mention rules and prohibitions at my work place...
1
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1 Reading
1 Read the following article about giving instructions to staff. Check true or false for the items below.
1. Don't assume they know what you mean

You know what they say, that assumption is the mother of all mistakes! Don’t be the fool
that assumes people know what you mean. Whist most people in your office or business
will be intuitive and switched on, they are not mind readers. An imperative when delivering
clear instructions is to not assume the recipient knows what you mean, and this can
be for anything from industry acronyms to who to contact in different departments or
organizations. It will only take you a few seconds more to explain the details.
2. Be clear and specific

Everyone loves a waffle (dripping in maple syrup please) but no one likes waffle in
conversation and especially not in an email or when it is a set of instructions. Whilst you
don’t want to ramble on in your set of instructions (that would be a waste of your time and
to be honest, they’d switch off after a while) you do want to ensure that your instructions
are clear, specific and concise. Personally I prefer not to butter it up, and would rather get
straight to be the point on what needs to be actioned or delivered, rather than making the
instructions too flowery, which will only confuse.
3. Give time frames

Do not confuse matters by not being specific with your time frames and deadlines. What
you consider as “soon” might be very different from your colleagues. If you think “soon”
is the next couple of hours, yet your staff who you have instructed considered it to be in a
few days then this communication is going to have serious implications in any business or
project!
4. Give examples
Whenever possible, make sure you give examples. This will be especially beneficial if they
are new to the role, or if they haven’t carried out the task before. This will help to add
clarity to you instructions and help form a clearer picture of what it is you mean and want.
1. According to the article, it is fine to make assumptions. ______
2. It is important to go straight to the point to be clear. ______
3. People will get confused with the directions if we use too many words. ______
4. To avoid misunderstandings, one should be very clear in time frames. ______
5. It is fine if the employees make a mistake, later we can show examples. ______
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Extra grammar practice
1
1 Fill in the blanks using there is and there are.
1._______________ any paper in the printer?
2:_______________ any computers available?
3._______________ enough personnel at your company?
4._______________ many conference rooms in your workplace?
5._______________ much light in your workplace?
6._______________ many things to do every day?
7._______________ good places to have a break?
1
2 Unscramble the words to create sentences.
1.Infomal/allowed/ are/clothes/ to wear/ not/ you.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Smoke/not/employees/ allowed/ are / to.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Children/bring/ in/ allowed/ it/not/is.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. Lunch time/ we/ allowed/ to/ are / extend/ not/ our.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. not/ check in/ are/ people/ allowed/ late/ to.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Unit 3 Troubleshooting
1
describe issues about machinery. What are some common problems at a
plant? Make a list.
2
Ramon: Thank you for coming Dorian.

Dorian: No problem! Someone reported a fault
on one of your machines. I'll have a
look at it...
Ramon: You are right! You know, it does not
work properly, and it makes a strange
noise... This is a complex machine, so
maybe you will need some time.
Dorian: Yes. Complex machines have a lot of
components. I need to take the metal
casing off to very if it is a minor fault
or what...
Ramon: I understand...
Dorian: If that is the case, we need to speed
things up. I recommend check the
brushes once a fortnight to make sure
they're not down...
Ramon: And what happens if they are?
Dorian: We will have to extend the shut.
3
1 Pair work
Complete the questions about the conversation . Then, write the answers.
1. What seems to be the problem with the machine?
.................................................................................................................................................
2. What recommendation does Dorian give?
.................................................................................................................................................
Watch this video about reporting a maintenance problem

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HmeRa1LevPM
1
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1
4 Expressions for describing issues
I'll have a look at it... It doesn't work It makes a strange I need to...
properly... noise...
I need to speed Check the brushes I have to extend the A minor fault...
things up... once a fortnight... shut.
1
5 Match the expressions/words with the phrases in the left.
1. Small/unimportant problem. ____ a. Extend the shut.

2. Check it. ____ b. Speed things up.
3. A period of two weeks. ____ c. Have a look a it.
4. Do something faster. ____ d. A fortnight.
5. Make the shutdown longer.____ e. A minor fault.
1 Your turn
6 Pair work
Get in pairs and think of a problem that may occur with the machinery at your workplace.
Use the conversation in exercise 1 as model. Use expressions from part 4.
1 Share
7
Present the conversation in front of your
classmates and teacher.
Self-assessment
Now I can describe issues about machinery...
1
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1
express a problem regarding equipment. How often do you have problems with your
computer? Who is in charge of checking on
them when there is a problem?
1
Luke: What's wrong with the computer

George?
George: Hello Luke. Well, I don't know. I have
checked it everywhere, and it won't
turn on.
Luke: That's too bad. How about the
connection? Have you checked all the
cables are plugged?
George: Yes, I have! And Mario, the technician,
has checked it too. We have not
verified the rest of the computers. Ana
has had the same problem with her
equipment.
Luke: Yeah... I heard that. Has the
maintenance team replaced the
batteries?
George: No, they haven't. My boss sends them
a memo every week.
Luke: I see. By the way, the technician is
coming.
George: Great! I hope he can fix this problem...
1
3 Figure it out
Circle the correct words to complete the statements.

Compare with a partner.
1. Have / has they checked the system?

2. Mary have / has had the same problem with her computer.
3. Our boss has send / sent a letter to the IT department.
1
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1
4 How to use present perfect
Use present perfect to talk about unfinished actions or states or habits that started in the past and
continue to the present.
Use the verbs in the participle form and the auxiliary ______ for third person singular (he, she, it) and
we use _______ for the rest of the pronouns.
Structure: Subject + Auxiliary (have/has) + verb(participle) + complement.
I have checked the reports. She has explained her situation.
They have not replaced the battery. The team has not had that kind of problems.
In negative statements, add not after the auxiliary.
1
5 Write affirmative and negative sentences using the prompts.
1. Mario / change/ the fuse. _____________________________________________________________________

2. The production / not / stop. __________________________________________________________________
3. Our team / fix / the equipment. ______________________________________________________________
4. Jenny / not / plug / the cords. ________________________________________________________________
5. The secretary / make / enough copies. _______________________________________________________
6. The technician / check / the connector. ______________________________________________________
1 Your turn
6 Role-play. There are issues with some equipments in your workplace. Get in pairs and create
a conversation expressing what the problem is and what you have done about it. Use present
perfect.
1 Share
7 Present the conversation in front of your
classmates and teacher.
Self-assessment
Now I can express problems about equipment ...
1
32

1
make a phone call to report sickness... Do you often get sick? What are the
procedures to report a work absence?
1 Yanny is sick. She calls her boss to explain what the problem is.
Mr. Ruiz: Good morning, this is Mr. Ruiz.

Yanny: Hello Mr. Ruiz, this is Yanny. I have a
situation.
Mr. Ruiz: Hi Yanny, tell me. What's the matter?
Yanny: I'm not feeling well today, my stomach

is killing me. I'm as sick as a dog.
Mr. Ruiz: OK. I understand. Two days ago, I was
feeling under the weather too.
Yanny: Oh really? There's something going
around. I hope you are feeling better...
Mr. Ruiz: Oh yeah! I'm in tip-top shape. Take
it easy Yanny! I hope to see you on
Monday!
Yanny: Thanks a lot Mr. Ruiz. Have a nice rest
of the day.
1
3 Pair work
1. Why can't Yanny go to work?

....................................................................................................................
2. How does Mr. Ruiz' respond to the situation?
....................................................................................................................
Video lesson about calling in sick

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Sf90P6BcA0
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1 How to use Idioms. Part 1
4
Idioms are words or phrases which mean something different from their literal meaning.
For example: to be up in one's ears in work means to have a lot of work.
1. As sick as a dog 5. Take it easy
2. Under the weather too 6. Can't afford to
3. There's something going around 7. Call in sick
4. My stomach is killing me 8. Tip-top shape
Match the meanings with the idioms in part 4. Then, compare with a partner.
1
5 1. My (stomach) hurts badly._________________________________________________
2. To be very sick._____________________________________________________________
3. To relax, to rest. ____________________________________________________________
4. Not feeling well.____________________________________________________________
5. In great condition.__________________________________________________________
6. Don't have time to._________________________________________________________
7. Many people have the same thing._________________________________________
8. To phone the office to say you are sick._____________________________________
1 Your turn
6
Pair work. Student A: you are sick and call in to your workplace to explain
the situation.
Student B: you attend the call and ask your classmate what the matter is.
Then, change roles. Use 4-5 idioms in your conversations.
1
7 Share
Present the conversation in front of your classmates and teacher.
Self-assessment
Now I can make a phone call to report sickness ...
1
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1
ask and answer questions to check that maintenance Who is the person who fixes damaged
procedures are met. equipment? What are some pieces of
equipment you have trouble with?
1
Dave: Tom, I need your help. Can you pass me

that spanner, please? I need to tighten
up this screw.
Tom: Sure! Here you go!
Dave: Thanks a lot. Look, did Kit clean up the
room before he left?
Tom: Yes, he did. I know he did because I asked
him to switch off the power.
Dave: Great! By the way, did you call up the

electrician? The engine doesn't stop to
turn off, and now we have a problem.
Tom: Yeah. I think that if you don't oil it
regularly, it will seize up eventually.
Dave: That's correct!
1 Pair work
3
Discuss the questions below:
1. What seems to be the problem?
2. What kind of jobs do you think Dave and Tom
have?
3. Who is in charge of checking the machinery
and equipment at your workplace?
Article: Should You Call in Sick? Reasons to Stay Home From Work
https://www.thebalance.com/calling-in-sick-to-work-526246
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1 How to use two word phrasal verbs

4
Some verbs are two part verbs. They consist on a verb and a particle or small word like a
preposition.
The particle often gives a new meaning to the verb.
For example:
Take + after. He takes after his father. (He looks like his father, or he behaves like his father.)
Call + off. Mary called off the meeting. (Mary canceled the meeting.)
1
5 Match each verbs with its preposition and complete each sentence with one of them.
1. Tighten off 4. Seize off
2. Switch up 5. Turn up
3. Clean up 6. Call up
1. Can you pass me that spanner? I need to tighten up this bolt.

2. This workshop is very dirty! Let's________________ this place!
3. Remember to _________________the power before you remove the machine.
4. I hope the computer won't ________________ again!
5. If you don't lubricate this types of machines regularly, they will__________________.
6. The printer just stopped working; we need to_______________ a technician.
1 1
6 Your turn 7 Share
Role play. Present the conversation to your

Student A: You are a supervisor. classmates and teacher
Student B: You are a maintenance personnel.
You both have to check that a machine has received the necessary
maintenance. Ask and answer questions using phrasal verbs.
Self-assessment
Now I can ask and answer questions to check maintenance...
1
36
1 Reading
1 Read the following tips on how to organize a preventive maintenance plan.
Step 1. Get The Right People on Board
Before you begin to organize your preventive maintenance plan, you need to have
the right people on board with the plan. Include top management, maintenance
managers, maintenance technicians, and any other staff who understands the way
your system operates. This could include people from data processing, accounting,
craftsmen, and members of production and production control.
You may not need input from each of these people at every step of the process, but
it’s important to have them on board and kept up to date so you can get important
feedback as you go.
Step 2. Set Goals for Your Preventive Maintenance Plan
Using your task force’s input, set goals you hope to achieve using the system.
Begin training your task force on the computer skills they’ll need when your
preventive maintenance plan goes into full effect.
Step 3. Inventory the Equipment and Assets
Go through your facility and inventory all the equipment you’re considering
including in your preventive maintenance plan, tagging the equipment as you
go. Create a list of all the assets you have responsibility for. Record the following
details as you go, and keep in mind that this process is much easier to carry out
and organized with the assistance of a good preventive maintenance software
program.
1. Having the appropriate people on board is not relevant. ___________
2. It is important to include people who understand of maintenance. ___________
3. Setting goals is an option for the PMP. ___________
4. For better results, creating a list of the assets is important. ___________
5. According to the article, to carry out the PMP, a software is mandatory. ___________
1
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1
1 Idioms. Part 2
Read the definitions of these useful idioms.
Wiped out: very tired To keep one's head above water: to survive.
To have a lot on one's plate: to have a lot to do. To scale back one's hours: to reduce the number
of hours one works.
To settle down: to calm down. Stressed out: under severe strain; very anxious
Hang in there: be patient, Slip one's mind: be forgotten
1 Your Turn
2
Choose 3 idioms from the box above and write a sentence per each.
Go around the classroom and share your sentences with at least two classmates.
1 Writing
3
Write a short paragraph about the common issues with machinery at your workplace.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Self-assessment
Now I can write a short paragraph about common issues with machinery at my workplace...
1
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38
Unit 4 Company procedures and policies
1
tell about policies in my workplace. 1 Do you know the policies at your workplace?
What are some of them?
1
Bruno Hey Max, look, I want to know what

policies you have in your company.
Max: How are you Max? Well, there are many
policies in my company. For example,
employees should wear a uniform
always.
Bruno: Well, in my company you shouldn't
be late. If you do this, you receive a
warning.
Max: And should you notify your superiors if
you do something wrong?
Bruno: Yes, you should.
Max: I see. Another policy we have at my
work is the use of drugs. Nobody
should do drugs.
Bruno: We also have that policy in my work
too... You shouldn't do it.
Max: I think so too!
1
3 Pair work
Complete the questions about the conversation . Then, write the answers.
1. What are some policies at Max's company?

.......................................................................................................................................................
2. What should a worker do if he/she makes a mistake?
.......................................................................................................................................................
Watch this video about policies in two countries

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c48X8rDfqbw
1
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1 How to use should
4
Use the modal verb should for strong advice and recommendation.
Structure: Subject + should + verb + complement.
Affirmative statements: Negative statements:
You should wear a helmet inside the factory. Employees shouldn't smoke in the facilities.
She should be on time everyday. We should not forget to wear the uniform.
Use should to write sentences about the policies in your work place using the words in
parentheses.
1._____________________________________________________________________(my schedule)
2._____________________________________________________________________(my dresscode)
3._____________________________________________________________________(attend trainings)
4._____________________________________________________________________(sleep in work hours)
1
5 Your Turn
Pair work
Get in pairs and discuss about the policies that you
have in your company
6 Share
Record your conversation and share it with the

facilitator.
Self-assessment
Now I can describe policies in my workplace...
1
40
1
1
express possibility to request permission. How often do you ask for permission?
What is the procedure to request one?
2
Hank: Good morning ladies. How are you

doing today?
Julie: Hello Hank. I am OK. But Betty is not.
Hank: Really? What's wrong Betty?
Betty: Well, my mother is sick, and my sister
can't go see her tomorrow.
Hank: I am sorry to hear that. You could ask
for permission.
Julie: He is right! You could go to HR
department and request a form.
Julie: Could I mention the reason for the
permission?
Hank: Yes! Absolutely!
1
3 Pair work
1. What is the problem with Betty?

....................................................................................................................................
2. Do you know someone who had a similar situation?
....................................................................................................................................
Watch this video about people requesting permission

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yy73uJT0KtQ
1
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41
How to use could
Use the modal verb could to express possibility.
Structure: Subject + should + verb + complement.
You could request a day off. She could explain her situation.
You could talk to your supervisor or the
We could take the company's transportation.
manager.
1 A. Read the situations and write a sentence expressing possibility with could.
4 B. Share the sentences with your classmates.
1. You don't have 2. Someone of your 3. You need to 4. You feel tired/ 5.________________
a car. family is sick. request a legal sick. __________________.
document.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Your turn
5 Role-play. Choose one of the situations in exercise 4 and create a conversation.
Student A has the situation.
Student B provides possibilities. Change roles.
Share
Present the conversation in front of your classmates
6 and teacher.
Self-assessment
Now I can express possibility to request permission...
1
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42
1
1
Give and receive instructions on company Where do you usually request a permission
procedures. form? Who is the last person who signs
them?
2
Mr. Ray: Good afternoon Ashley, and welcome

to our company.
Ashley: Thank you Mr. Hank.
Mr. Ray: Do you know the procedures and rules

of our company?
Ashley: No. Not yet sir.
Mr. Ray: OK. Where do you want to start?
Ashley: What about how to request a
permission?
Mr. Ray: Sounds good! I will explain them to
you... First...
1
3 Pair work
1. Who is Ashley?
..........................................................................................................................................
2. Who is the person in charge of introducing new employees to the
company?
..........................................................................................................................................
Watch this video about people talking about introducing employees

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=edK8Em1aLfE
Ariticle about asking for permission
http://workingoutloud.com/blog//asking-for-permission
1
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43
Read the procedure to request permission at the DAC company.
Procedure to request permission
1. First, print the request form that is available on the intranet.

2. Fill out the form.
3. Write the reason for the permission.
4. Write the time and day you will be absent.
5. Specify if it is due to medical or personal reasons.
6.Ask for the department manager’s signature.
7. Present the form at the Human Resources office.
8. The Human Resources Assistant will receive the form and sign it if it is accepted.
9. If the Human Resources Assistant does not accept the form, the permission is denied.
1 A. Make a list of situations in which you could request permission.

4 B. Share and compare them with three classmates.
1 Your turn
5 PERMISSION FORM
A colleague needs permission to be absent
from work. Explain to him the procedures in Name: Date:
your company and help him/her fill in the

form. Reasons:
Manager's signature HR Assistant's signature
Self-assessment
Now I can give and receive instructions on company procedures...
1
44
1
1 What happens if an employee in your
write a paragraph about policies and procedures
joining clauses with when and if. company shows up late? What do you do
when you are sick and can't work?
1
Brad: Hi Annie, how is it going?

Annie: Hello Brad, I am fine and you?
Brad: I am OK, thanks. Look, I want to ask
you, what does your boss do when a
worker doesn't come to work?
Annie: Well, if someone doesn't come, my
boss call him or her. And when the
person returns, he or she receives a
notification or warning. Why Brad?
Brad: Well, because I didn't show up to work
today.
Annie: I understand. If you see your boss
tomorrow, explain him the situation.
Brad: Yeah.. I think I will do that. Thanks
Annie.
1
3 Figure it out
Unscramble the statements below.
1. receives / notification/ she/ arrives/ the employee/ when/ a
................................................................................................................................................................
2. your boss/ does/ work/ what/ do/ to/ go/ doesn't/ a worker/ ?
................................................................................................................................................................
3. call/ I/ my boss/ don't/ work/ if/ to/I/ show up/
................................................................................................................................................................
Watch this video about people talking about introducing employees

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=edK8Em1aLfE
Ariticle about asking for permission
http://workingoutloud.com/blog//asking-for-permission
1
45
How to use if and when to join clauses
When and if have similar meaning. We use when for usual situations and if for unusual situations.
Both clauses have to be in simple present. Use a comma when if or when come at the beginning.
What do you do when you forget your tools for What do you do if you miss the company
work? transportation?
I ask for a backup set when I forget my tools. I call a taxi if I miss the company transportartion.
When I forget my tools, I ask for a backup set. If I miss the company transportartion, I call a taxi.
1 Writing
4 Write a short paragraph about policies and procedures at your workplace.
Use if and when to join clauses.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Self-assessment
Now I can write a paragraph about policies and procedures joining clauses with when and if...
1
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46
1
1 Reading
Read the following article about policy and procedure and write "policy" or "procedure" in the
blanks.
What is a Policy?
A ‘Policy’ is a predetermined course of action, which is established to provide a

guide toward accepted business strategies and objectives. In other words, it is
a direct link between an organization’s ‘Vision’ and their day-to-day operations.
Policies identify the key activities and provide a general strategy to decision-
makers on how to handle issues as they arise. This is accomplished by providing
the reader with limits and a choice of alternatives that can be used to ‘guide’
their decision making process as they attempt to overcome problems. I like
to think of ‘policies’ as a globe where national boundaries, oceans, mountain
ranges and other major features are easily identified.
What is a Procedure?
The ultimate goal of every ‘Procedure’ is to provide the reader with a clear and
easily understood plan of action required to carry out or implement a policy.
A well-written procedure will also help eliminate common misunderstandings
by identifying job responsibilities and establishing boundaries for the
employees. Good procedures actually permit managers to control events in
advance and prevent the organization (and employees) from making costly
mistakes. You can think of a procedure as a road map where the trip details are
highlighted in order to prevent a person from getting lost or ‘wandering’ off an
acceptable path identified by the company’s management team.
1. It's a connection between a company's vision. ___________________
2. It permits managers to control events in advance. ___________________
3. It can be compared to a trip map. ___________________
4. It can be compared to a globe where you find many things. __________________
5. When people write this well, there are not misunderstandings. __________________
1
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45
Extra Grammar practice
1 Fill in the space in each sentence using either could I or could you.
1
1. _______________ close your window please? It's very cold in here.
2. _______________ open the door for me please? I am carrying all these books.
3. I didn't understand what you said to me. _______________ repeat it please?
4. Excuse me! Your music is on very loud. _______________ turn it down a little?
5. Mary, I don't get my money till next week, _______________ lend me $20 till then?
6. Please, _______________ borrow your car until tomorrow as mine is being repaired?
7. The secretary isn't here, __________ leave a message for her please?
1
2 Fill in the space in each sentence using either should or shouldn't.
1.You _______________ call your boss if you are coming late to work.
2. You_______________ spend too much time on the internet.
3. You_______________ work over time if there is too much to do at the workplace.
4. You _______________ make use of narcotics in any facility of your workplace.
5. You________________ wear casual clothes when there is a supervision in your company.
6. You________________ report computer problems at the Tech Support department.
7. You________________ take someone else's calls.

1
3 Join the clauses using if or when. Use the correct punctuation.
1. get late to work / call my boss.
...........................................................................................................................................................................................
2. need a day off / request it with HR.
...........................................................................................................................................................................................
3. there's too much work to do / work extra hours.
...........................................................................................................................................................................................
1
48

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Student’s Manual

Map of the book 6

UNIT 2 Directions and instructions 19

UNIT 4 Company procedures and policies 39

UNIT COMPETENCIES VOCABULARY

Manufacturing Mark steps in a process. Words to mark steps in a

Troubleshooting Describe issues about machinery. Expressions for describing

Company procedures Describe policies in my workplace. Vocabulary related to

GRAMMAR LISTENING READING WRITING

Present perfect Videos: An article about Write a short paragraph

Modal verb should Videos: Read an article Write a short paragraph

Anna: Mark, would you explain us what the

1. What are the words Mark used to indicate

Watch this video about what the manufaturing process is.

WE CONDENSE FRESH WHOLE MILK. WE COOK THESE INGREDIENTS TOGETHER

Your turn Share

Now, I can mark steps in a process...

c Independently c With occasional help c Only with help

Job: Kirt, do you know what you need to have

1. What does Kirk's friend do to have better honey quality?

Watch this video about quality in manufacturing.

2. Many people want to start their own business._______________________________ is lots of information.

c Independently c With occasional help c Only with help

1. Who is responsible for stopping the conveyor belt?

Expand your vocabulary with these manufacturing-related process flashcards.

Use imperatives to give an order, to give instructions, or to make invitations.

1 Your turn 1 Share

Now I can use imperatives...

c Independently c With occasional help c Only with help

Peter: And that is...?

1. How is the manufacturing process in your company?

Video about a man talking about company equipment.

1 A. Complete the statements using should or should not

1. Our products_______________ be fresh.

2. This company_______________ forget about quality.

3. We_______________ explore new markets.

4. The machinery_______________ be old.

5. All the employess_______________ use the machinery.

Now I can write a short paragraph about the equipment of my company...

c Independently c With occasional help c Only with help

John: We were very busy yesterday. We had a

21 Match the definitions with the words below.

1.______________ a particular amount of anything.

2.______________ a complete listing of merchandise or stock on hand.

3.______________ the price paid to get something.

4.______________ the number of times a company sells its inventory a year.

5.______________ to get more product in the inventory.

cost inventory turnover stock quantity inventory

Price per unit

Tom: My name is Tom. Nice to meet you!

Orson: Nice to meet you, too. I’m Orson. I work

1. There _____ three offices in San Salvador.

Watch this video about a bank branches

Use there is and there are to state that something exists.

1. There is two branches in El Salvador._________________________________________________________________________

2. There are one facilities available._____________________________________________________________________________

3. There is a new offices. ______________________________________________________________________________________

4. There not are materials to work._____________________________________________________________________________

5. There is not three boxes in the lobby.________________________________________________________________________

c Independently c With occasional help c Only with help

Ms. Good morning, ar you Michael Perez?

1.________ there enough seats for listeners?