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 OFTEN BATTERED
NEVER BETTERED!
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Ruggedly built to take hard knocks and give long service. See for
yourself how points of stress are reinforced with double material or
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Make use of the "old hands'" experience

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AND SELECTED AGENTS IN EACH STATE

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No. 16- 1965

WALK
DEDICATED TO ALL WHO

APPRECIATE THE GREAT OUTDOORS ...

Distribution: I. Phillips, Club Room:

44 Wattle Valley Rd., Room llO, Victorian Railways
Canterbury. Institute,
Tel. 83 2665. Railway Building,
Flinders St., Melbourne, C.l.
Advertising: R. G. Bittner,
49 Elizabeth St.,
Melbourne, C.l. Friday evening from 8 to 10.30
Tel. 62 1716. o'clock.
Editor: Valerie Goldsmith.

WALK is a voluntary, non-profit venture published by the Melbourne

Bushwalkers in the interests of bushwalking as a healthy and enjoyable
recreation.
In this issue you will find
ARTICLES Page
An Ocean of Space . . . . . . 3
In the Shadow of Cobberas .. Hugh Brown 4
The Wild Warrumbungles . . . . Fred Halls . 9
Tasman Glacier . . . . . . . . . . Barbara Muir 15
Easter Adventure . . . . . . . . . . . . Fred Halls . 18
Compiling a Map . . . . . . . . . . . . P. Elder .. 22
Rock Climbing . . . . . . . . Stan Mizon .. 24
Moroka Journey . . . . . . . . . . B. H. Short . 31
Blackwood and Beyond G. Errey .. 36
Powelltown Tramway . . . . . . Robert Wilson .. 40
Crossing the Jordan . . . . . . . . . . • . J. Skurrie .. 46
V. Goldsmith .. 48

SERVICE SECTION
Books for the Bushwalker 28
New Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Mountain Muster . . . . 44
Some First Aid Hints . . . . . . . . . . Helen White 63

W.ALKS SECTION
Wandong-Sunday Creek-Whittlesea 2 days 51
Mt. Cole State Forest . . . . . . . . 3 days 53
Kallista-Olinda Forest-Falls-Olinda 1 day 55
Mt. Hickey-Strath Creek . . . . . . . . 1 day 57
Shelly Beach-Portsea-Koonya Beach .. 1 day 59
Kilmore E.-Dry Creek-Wallan . . . . 1 day 59

COVER PHOTO: by John Brownlie

PATRONISE OUR ADVERTISERS!

WALK can only be published with the assistance of our advertisers,
and we are grateful to them for their support. We urge all our readers
to support them whenever possible, and so help us to continue our efforts
in publishing this magazine.

Page Two WALK

 An Ocean of
SPACE

Thoughts inspired by the photograph on the cover

Steep sandstone cliffs ringed with reefs divide broad sandy beaches
along this section of ocean beach between Sorrento and Rye. It is part of
a walk described later in this book. The narrow Melbourne Ocean Park
reserve has stopped progress and the real estate agent from turning this
section of the coast into another "suburban" holiday home area.

The beaches of Portsea, Sorrento and Rye are well known to the
surfing public, and the rocks to keen fishermen. Walkers may still find
much wild life among the low coastal scrub cover and marine life on the
tide-flooded reefs. Several exposed middens-masses of broken shells-
testify to the popularity of the area with the hungry aboriginal in the
past. Rusting barbed-wire, stakes and deep gun pits remind us of the
importance of the area as a defence line during the last war. The bleached
limestone remains of the old cut-and-benched coastguard track to the Point
Nepean lighthouse are still visible in the Park, behind the sand dunes.

Various voluntary bodies exist for the purpose of trying to keep

areas such as this free from development so that those who prefer nature
unspoiled can enjoy it. With explosive population pressures now becoming
more evident in Australia we must face a greater and greater encroach-
ment upon the hitherto untouched open spaces. We must realize that
it is hopeless to expect to preserve everything, but we can adopt an
attitude of conservation and landscape preservation towards our land.
In order to handle this problem in a well-informed manner and to be
able to speak with authority at the right time, the walker should interest
himself in the aims and activities of conservation-minded bodies. They
would appreciate his support.

WALK Page Three

 In the Shadow
Articles appearing in walking club magazines have in recent years
shown an increasing awareness of what is, in my opinion, the most beauti-
ful and varied scenery in the mountain country of this State. I refer to
the Buchan watershed and that other scenic gem, the Suggan Buggan
country. How many of us have been fortunate enough to have journeyed
through this area and marvelled at the variety of its vegetation, ranging
from what is almost rain forest in the Nunnett Ridge and Mellick Munjie
country to the almost arid in that incomparable area called Suggan
Buggan.
Journey with me as I take you on an armchair walk through this
area. This is not intended to be a description of one particular trip but
rather an imaginary jaunt compounded from scores of trips both long
and short, made by foot and by Land Rover, while working and at
pleasure, although I must admit working was a pleasure in this area.
Cobberas dominates the area, views of it being obtained from most of
the high points throughout the trip.
Our trip is to take us from Mountain Hut Saddle on the Snowy
River Road seven miles beyond Suggan Buggan, via McFarlanes Flat,
the Playgrounds, Buchan Rock, Forlorn Hope Crossing, Reedy Creek
Chasm and Brumby Point to Nunniong Paddock. Apart from the visit
to Reedy Creek we will be travelling along jeep tracks. In the past three
or four years almost 150 miles of jeep track have penetrated this country,
opening it up not only for ease of access for fire fighting but also for
our own walking enjoyment.
We leave our conveyance at Mountain Hut Saddle and turn our
eager footsteps along the lngeegoodbee Track through an avenue of
native pines. As we commence to climb we soon leave these beautiful
trees behind and enter park-like country amid white box. As we climb on
on to a spur running up to the west we look to our right and see
below us the broad sweeping curves of Old Man Snowy with his broad
white sandy banks glistening in the sun.
Soon the spur leads us to the top of the Suggan Buggan Range
which we follow until, when we are about four miles from the road,
we catch our first glimpses of Cobberas and away to the right, Pilot.
Cobberas-a magnificent looking mountain, which in winter wears its
mantle of snow like a cape about its shoulders. Onward another mile
and we come to a parting of the way. Finger boards indicate that the
lngeegoodbee Track continues on to Christy O'Rourke's and Bill's Garden.
Beyond Bill's Garden this track would take us to the Tin Mine. Why
must we ignore this track? However ignore it we must as we are headed
towards the Playgrounds.
Our disappointment is soon forgotten as a few minutes' walk along
McFarlanes Flat Track brings us to a magnificent view across the Ingee-
goodbee and Suggan Buggan Rivers to Cobberas. It seems we are face
to face with the mountain. The country between is laid out almost at our
feet as the track dips sharply to descend 1,200 feet in a little over a
mile to the lngeegoodbee. Across the river we wade to immediately com-

Page Four WALK

of
COBBERAS

-Hugh Brown

Reedy Rivet" flowing

through main chasm

Courtesy of N. Wakefield,
F.N.C.V.

mence the climb out over the next ridge from which we fall just as
sharply into McFarlanes Creek where we strike a patch of blue gum.
Nobody knows how it came to be there as there is no other blue gum
for many miles.
From here we climb steadily until we reach McFarlanes Flat, a
delightful area with large expanses of soft green grass intermingled with
clumps of snow gum. Rabbits abound, lovely fat bunnies, no myxo or
1080 here. A mob of six or eight brumbies is seen galloping away from
us, their manes and tails streaming as the stallion drives his band away
from the danger which he thinks we present. A stream flows through
the flat and it is here we decide to camp as we have a long hard day
ahead of us.
We rise early and soon are under way heading down towards the
Berrima River and the flat country beyond. All this country was once
destined for selection as summer grazing for settlers, until a far-sighted
District Surveyor successfully objected and so this area remains unspoiled.
Soon we are faced with making another decision. Which track shall

WALK Page Five

we take? Shall we continue along the McFarlanes Flat Track to Quambat
Flat or shall we take the Cobberas Trail? Both are romantic names. We
choose the latter and commence to drop 1000 feet to the junction of the
Berrima and Towanga Creeks, which on uniting give birth to the Suggan
Buggan River. We halt here for lunch preparatory to the climb up-
wards to the Playgrounds. Five miles of steady climbing, during which
we pause often to muse on such things as the reason for our taking up
bushwalking and the difficulties of a bull-dozer in finding its way through
the rocks while constructing our trail.
The climb of 2,500 feet is well rewarded when, after woollybutt
gives way to snow gum, we step on to the Playgrounds. Playgrounds
they are too, as we see brumbies cavorting in the distance and a little
further on, father emu strutting importantly with his brood of half-
grown chicks. At the turn of the year this is a paradise of alpine wild-
flowers. This is the head of that magnificent stream-the Buchan. Cob-
beras towers above us to the north. As we follow the Playgrounds
westwards the Buchan, known here as the Native Dog, gathers force.
Open snow grass plains are all around, and soon we catch sight of
Buchan Rock, a huge rock several hundred feet high.
Once again we rise early, anxious to attain the summit of Buchan
Rock. Leaving the Playgrounds the track climbs to within four or five
chains of the top. Discarding our packs and armed only with cameras
we sprint to see who will be first to reach the summit. The view is
magnificent. Looking around us to the north we see the Playgrounds
and rocky precipices of Cobberas, to the west below us we see Native
Dog Flat and the low crest of the Dividing Range beyond which we can
distinguish Mount Leinster. Away in the distance we can see Hotham,
Bogong and Feathertop. To the south we pick out Seldom Seen and
Statham, and to the south-west, Nunniong.
Reluctantly we leave this sight and head downwards to join the
Black Mountain Track which we follow until a sign points the way
along the Forlorn Hope Track. We pause and wonder how many gold-
seekers had only a forlorn hope of finding the elusive metal. Walking is
now very easy, the track falling slightly along Fish Creek Top when
suddenly it nose-dives almost 2,000 feet in about a mile to reach our
next campsite on the Buchan at the Forlorn Hope Crossing. Here we
unpack our lengths of fishing line and hooks and frantically search for
worms, as trout and blackfish abound.
Next morning finds us plodding forlornly up on to Forlorn Hope
Spur, once again gaining the height we lost so quickly yesterday. The
track again divides and we find ourselves tramping steadily down the
Reedy Creek track through a stand of woollybutt, seeking the saddle at
which we are to desert our good friend, the jeep track, and strike off
through the scrub towards the highlight of our journey, the Reedy Chasm.
Hurried reference is made to our map. Is this it? Yes. We are within
one and a half miles of our goal. Into the scrub we plunge, taking the
easy path down an unnamed creek, over the end of a spur and finally
see the chasm ahead. Why hurry? We shall spend all tomorrow exploring
and photographing this almost unknown chasm. Two whole nights and
a day in its company! We soon find a campsite beside the Reedy and
once again the fishermen amongst us angle for the numerous but
elusive trout.

Page Six WALK

 ....... L""'
___ .~------- _,, /'

Plan of the area Courtesy of F.N.C.V.

Leaving our camp erected we scramble our way upstream until
our way is blocked by huge walls of rock on either side, the creek
between. A pause and we decide that rather than get wet wading
through, we will climb over the wall on the northern side. 300 feet above
we pause and take in the sight. Is this what we came to see? I thought
it would be more spectacular! Wait, what is that over there? It looks
like another gorge. Down we plunge, over the creek, across a point, and
there ahead of us is the chasm.
We gasp as we look at it. How did this small creek ever cut through
that wall of rock? As we advance we note that the resultant chasm
must be all of 700 feet deep, with its walls almost vertical-a rock
climber's paradise. This time, not being rock climbers, we take to the
stream and wade up through the chasm, cameras clicking. After almost
a quarter of a mile the creek opens out and soon we find grassy flats
and banks beside the stream. It is not hard to spend the day in these
surroundings.
The next morning we regretfully turn our feet downstream, looking
for a spur which will take us up to the Brumby Point. The hardest
climb of all sees us 2,000 feet above the Reedy and heading up towards
a jeep track. Looking across the Reedy we see the lofty Forlorn Hope
cliffs risings towards Forlorn Hope Plain.
Now we are at the end of the jeep track which we follow ever
upwards through strange bands of mallee, yes! - a true mallee, the
Gippsland variety. These bands run across the spur from north to south
and are interspersed with low sedge-like plants. Turning south we attain
Diggers Hole Spur and shortly afterwards cross Diggers Hole Creek
and note the old tent poles used by the men who gave us our jeep
track. A quick diversion and we are atop Mount Nunniong from which,
away to the south, we pick out Mount Nowa Nowa and beyond, the
sea. That could be Buller to the west!
Leaving Nunniong we now follow the well known Nunniong Track
over Blue Shirt Creek, past the Wheatllelds Track which, if we had time,
would take us through the Wheatllelds to Mundy's Plain or perhaps
even to Paddy's Plain. Casting temptation aside we continue until ahead
of us we spy the slip rails at Nunniong Paddock. A fence now surrounds
this lovely plain. Why the fence? There appear to be as many white-
faced cattle outside the fence as there are inside.
This is journey's end, our conveyance is waiting and as we drive off
across the plain we already start our recollections of a magnificent six-
day trip.

WALK Page Seven

 VISIT

CENTRAL AUSTRALIA
IN 1965

CAMPING COACH TOURS

MAY to SEPTEMBER

Darwin-Alice Springs 0 0 0 £55

23 days, via Bourke, Mary Kathleen, Mt. (sa, Tennant's
Creek, Ayer's Rock, Coober Pedy, Woomera & Adelaide

Alice Springs-Ayers Rock

0 0 0 £40
16 days, via Broken Hill, Woomera, Coober Pedy, and
return through Adelaide.

Special group tours arranged on a concession

basis for groups of 25-35 penons

Centralian Tours
407 BAY ROAD, CHELTENHAM, VICTORIA - 93 6755
or
VICTORIAN TOURIST BUREAU, MELBOURNE-63 0202

Page Eight WALK

The Wild Warrumbungles
- Fred Halls.

Far left Belougery Spire - Far right BluH Mountain

F. Halls

Let me introduce you to the wild W arrurnbungles, surely one of

the best areas in the world for observing the results of the great natural
forces that once shaped the earth's surface.
Our introduction to these shaggy toothed mountain giants was from
the vicinity of Gilgandra and the Tooraweanah Plains. There bold and
clear on the skyline were the crooked outlines of spectacular spires and
monoliths. Dominant was the great Bluff Mountain flanked by the jagged
crest of Bluff Pyramid, while further away to the right were the blue
prong of Belougery Spire, the bulky lava plug of Crater Bluff like a
giant molar, and the ice cream spire of Tonduron.
As we approached more closely travelling east along the floor of
the Warnbelong Creek valley, terraced Mt. Exmouth (or Warnbelong
Mountain 4,028 feet), began to dominate the southern scene, while to
the north, on the other side of the river oaks lining the creek, a colour-
ful trachytic cone (Chalker's Mountain) carne into view. Three miles
further on the road skirted the base of Belougery Split Rock, the massive
tor of reddish lava whose split top was extruded 850 feet above the valley
floor at Canyon Camp.
The Warrurnbungles or Crooked Mountains are about 280 miles
north-west of Sydney; they consist of a maze of wild ridges and cirques

WALK Page Nine

radiating from a point near Crater Bluff, and several solitary plugs and
outcrops. Of this area the Warrumbungles National Park occupies about
thirteen square miles in what is known as the Central High Tops region.
This 8,300 acres has been augmented by 6,000 acres of range top reserves
along the Connector and Warrumbungle Ranges to preserve the water-
shed between the Castlereagh and Namoi Rivers. As the name suggests
the Connector Range, which runs north-south, provides the ridge link
between the Warrumbungle Range and the Warrumbungle High Tops.
The area probably provides the best example in Australia of past
volcanic activity which has created trachyte ramps and lava flows
(Exmouth and Siding Spring Mountain), fine craters (Naman Mountain,
Hell's Corner) and huge lava plugs (Tonduron Spire, Crater Bluff, Mopera
Rock). In fact results of the whole gamut of volcanic disturbances are
visible both here and in the Nandewars further to the north. The most
outstanding monuments are the lava plugs which were formed during
the latter part of the lava flows. These flows were highly viscous and
squeezed up from the vents in the earth's crust like paste from a tube.
When the volcanoes quietened the trachyte, which contains a high pro-
portion of silica, hardened quickly and blocked the vents from which it
was issuing. Later continuous erosion of the soft residues and ash sur-
rounding the plug eventually left it exposed as a hard mass. The presence
of iron oxide causes it to become reddish or red-gold.
Bluff Mountain (4,000 feet), the mountain that can be recognized
from any position in the "Bungles", might well have been named the
"Half Dome Bluff", for it is surely a grand half dome. A king-size dome
has been halved so that it presents great cliffs on the northern face which
fall away to scree slopes above Bluff Creek-the lava face with the
prismatic cooling columns-all can be easily seen from the shade of an
old man kurrajong at Kurrajong Corner. Probably the finest view in the
area is obtained from this mountain and the zig-zag track to it, centrally
situated as it is. How fortunate we were to see this great panorama just
after a spring storm when the air had been washed clean and the light
was soft, giving the ring of peaks a faint purple tinge.
Where e're he turned his wand'ring eyes
With wonder he did behold
The glories of this ancient land
And its unique mountains bold,
For he loved its spires and its forests
In the afternoon all aglow
As he watched the play of the waning light
On the purple domes below.
To the north-west along the valley of the Wambelong Creek our
picture was flanked on either side by a mighty bulk-Bullaway and
Exmouth, guardians of the great blacksoil plains stretching away to the
horizon. Nearer at hand were the three domed sisters-Danu, Etan, and
Airmid. There, far below to the north was an insignificant dome at the
end of the spur-could it be Belougery Split Rock which seemed to
tower so high above us at Canyon Camp?
As we swung our eyes further to the east we picked out the bulky
Siding Spring Mountain and south of it, on the Connector Range, the high
top of Mt. Castlereagh. Close by this the deep cleft of Mopera Gap
provides a chance for the walking trail to cross the range, and also frames

Page Ten WALK

 H

0 2
+
IHIU$
Warrumbungles National Park is area within the dotted ltne
the perfect volcanic cone of Mopera Rock, one and a half miles beyond.
Its shapely ash grey spire rises from a much darker basal cone. The
view in this direction is particularly good.
Now our eyes turned towards the south, following the line of the
Connector Range from Mt. Castlereagh. Bold walls and craggy cliffs of
dull purple fell away by scree slopes to the depths of the Wambelong
Cirque from the peaks that make up this range. When it reached a point
east of our lookout the range turned west and entered its most spectacular
section-the Central High Tops. All around us and close at hand were
such spires and monoliths as Crater Bluff, Bluff Pyramid, Belougery Spire
and The Breadknife. Prominent in the south and south-east were the
creamy spire of Tonduron and The Needle.
There are many ways of enjoying a holiday in this area - perhaps
the easiest is to stay in one of the camping areas and spend the days
walking the trails. Canyon Camp, the Ranger's headquarters, is the best
appointed of all the camps, with a few cabins (old Sydney tramcars) very
comfortably fitted out. A limited quantity of foodstuff is available here.
Belougery Split Rock overlooks this camp and allows for easy exploration.
In dull weather it is a sombre red-brown, but bright sunshine transforms
it to brilliant shades of orange, yellow and brown, especially near the
topmost eastern sides of the split. There are many large caverns and
blowholes-vents from the volcanic gases-hidden behind the creamy
wonga vines and the leafy screen of sturdy kurrajongs in the valley of
Swagman's Creek on the western slopes of this strange rock.
On these western slopes is Wambelong Camp on Wambelong Creek,
half to three-quarters of a mile from Canyon Camp. There are wide
grassy flats near the creek. Although there are at present no buildings
or facilities here, later there may be a Youth Hostel.

WALK Page Eleven

 Camp Pincham is situated two and a half miles south of Canyon Camp
on Spirey Creek at the start of Pincham's Trail to the High Tops. These
are named for the man who was mainly responsible for the creation of
the original National Park. Here there is good water and some buildings.
Bushwalkers could also camp at Burbie Spring (not far north of Mt.
Exmouth) and Hurley's Camp at Belougerie Spring - just below Spirey
Pit at the foot of the beautiful Belougery Spire.
If I ever visit these mountains again, which I would like to do,
I would commence my bushwalking trip from Timor Rock in the north,
near Coonabarabran, in mid-September. After visiting Mt. Bulleamble,
I'd follow Shawn's Creek upstream, then cross the divide between that
creek and the Castlereagh River before tackling Mopera Rock. From there
I'd descend to the Castlereagh head in Mopera Cirque prior to crossing
the Connector Range at Mopera Gap. Then I'd continue to Canyon Camp
via Wambelong Creek and Belougerie Station. I'd follow Pincham's Trial
to the Breadknife Pass and the Central High Tops where I'd certainly
visit Bluff Mountain the Needle and Mt. Exmouth before returning via
Burbie Spur and Belougery Split Rock to Canyon Camp. Return to Timor
Rock would be made by way of Siding Spring Mountain, the range above
Bugal-di-Wheoh Cirque and Bugal-di Gap.
To obtain the greatest benefit from the grand walking on the High
Tops it is essential to camp at least one night at each of the two main
huts - Danu and Dows (at Nuada Gap) - to watch the purple shades
descend on the spired monoliths, tall pines and graceful domes. These two
huts provide bunks and mattresses as well as fireplace and tank water.
There is also water at Lugh's Gap (near the top of Breadknife Pass) and
at Ogma Gap West.
There is some grand rock climbing - if you enjoy that sort of
caper - in the High Tops, with some awkward and dangerous climbs.
On Crater Bluff the height of the faces ranges from 400 to 800 feet, or if
the climb is commenced low down in Hell's Corner 1,500 feet of this
magnificent red lava plug can be scaled. Belougery Spire presents similar
heights to climb, totalling the best part of 1000 feet if climbed from the
Spirey Pit. Special permission must be obtained to climb The Breadknife
which varies in width from a knife edge to about ten feet. Its overhanging
eastern face is 200 to 400 feet high, whilst its western face is 300 to 500
feet. The smooth symmetrical Needle would present a tricky climb, as
must do the north face of Bluff Mountain with its spiral rock strata and
hexagonal prisms. What a challenge these must all be to the experienced
rock climber!
For he whose interest is in the flora this area is a spring-time feast.
By the streams along the valley bottoms are great river oaks, in the
cooler side valleys are the rough barked apple boxes and the silvery-white
box with the characteristic scribble markings on its bark. As we wandered
towards the High Tops near the start of Pincham's Trail, the dark green
of the river oaks with the deep indigo of the Connector Range behind
formed a perfect background for the September gold of spearwood,
smokey-leafed wattle, kangaroo thorn and many other acacia species.
The magnificent golden rods of the latter (hedge wattle in Victoria) were
so closely clustered that the murderous spines for which it is noted could
not show through the fluffy blossoms. This was just the one week in the
whole year when these plants wear a benign face. For we Victorians there
was the strange sight of small Burrawang palms growing in dry situations

Page Twelve WALK

by the trails. not far distant from such rain forest plants as blanket leaf
and rough tree ferns.
On the broken red-brown lava tops we saw sad rust-coloured oaks.
glossy green snow gums and heard the rustle of grass-skirted blackboys.
On most of the park-like upland slopes were groves of shapely blue-green
cypress pines and the large bright leaves, boat-like pods and rough sturdy
trunks of the kurrajongs stood out among the scree stones. This latter is
one of the most striking trees of the higher slopes.
On the dome of Belougery Split Rock there is an extensive rock
garden with a profusion of heaths and heath myrtles. It was another
strange sight to see fine specimens of the rusty fig (a real rain forest tree)
growing so high on this rock, and in such a dry situation. There are at
least three hundred and thirty varieties of plants in the "Bungles", many
of which are never seen in Victoria.
Before I conclude my verbal meanderings I must praise the excellent
management of this volcanic National Park. Tracks are well cut and graded
and adequately drained. I believe at holiday periods there are many
thousands of visitors, but this has not caused the area to lose its natural
freshness, nor is there any sign of man-made erosion as so often happens,
especially in such a dry region. Although on the way out I was bogged
to the axle at the first splash crossing and slithered all over the greasy
blacksoil track most of the 25 miles back to Tooraweanah, this was
because there had just been heavy rain. Normally there is no trouble with
access, apart from some bumpiness near the splash crossings (spoon drains)
and the roads are being progressively improved.
It seems to me that, in comparison with other states, Victoria is
badly provided with National Parks which are, amongst other things,
essential for proper conservation control. Most politicians do not seem
to be interested in conservation but rather in development, industry,
exploitation, and other bread and butter matters. In this they probably
reflect public opinion. But public opinion should realize that even from
a purely selfish point of view, conservation is important to everyone.
Australia is an essentially dry country where lack of proper conservation
measures will result, for example, in erosion and curtailment of water
supplies. These water shortages will undoubtedly show up during the
lifetime of many people now living and will affect the well-being of
even the most selfish individual.
The Warrumbungles National Park, by providing protection for the
water sources that feed the Castlereagh and Namoi Rivers, serves the
purposes of conservation as well as those of recreation and science. More
and better National Parks like it should be created as a conservation
measure that will pay practical dividends to all Australians.

*
EXTRA READING: "The Face of Australia", by C. F. Laseron. Chap. 9.
"The Challenging Mountains", by M. Terry. People, Apri1.24, 1963.
"The Bushwalker" 1961-N.S.W. Fed. Bushwalking Clubs.
"The Warrumbungles", Walkabout, May, 1959.
MAPS: "The Warrumbungle Mountains"-Myles Dunphy
Obtainable from Paddy Pallin.
"The Warrumbungle National Park"-Sketch map
Obtainable from Park Trust, Coonabarabran.

WALK Page Thirteen

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Page Fourteen WALK

 Tasman
Glacier

- Barbara Muir

Boarding Cessna for flight up glacier

B. Muir

A small thrill of achievement filled me as I clambered up the last

of the rocks and scree to the ridge which earlier had seemed so far off,
while my skin, hot from the long, steep climb, tingled in the crisp
mountain air. Tiredness fell away when I looked around and I was glad
that I had made the efl:ort to climb to the Mueller Hut and had not
stayed behind at the tarns where we had swum and lunched.

On the way up the track to the tarns the clouds had gradually
cleared and revealed part of Aorangi, the Cloud Piercer-Mt. Cook to
the Europeans of this country-but now the sky was clear and here on
this high ridge I could see valleys of glaciers, ice and snow, and mountain
after mountain, massively beautiful, with the splendour of Mt. Cook
rising above the rest, gleaming against blue sky.

With my three companions I lingered to rest and photograph and

just gaze at a scene so different from any I had seen before. It was a drier
year than usual; the exposed rocky outcrops and great sweeps of scree
showed dark against the snow, and occasionally our eyes sought and
found the spot where snow fell in a small but booming avalanche.

Inside the small, well-built hut, as I drank the tea our guide had
made I looked around at the bunks equipped with mattresses and
blankets, the stove and cooking gear, and thought that it would be good
to stay the night, but only a day-walk had been planned so we signed
the visitors' book and started downwards. On the way I had some in-
struction in how to go quickly and easily down the loose scree and,
instead of leaning into the slope, hugging the rocks and so slipping and
sliding unnecessarily, I was soon standing erect, shuffling down with the
moving rocks and using an ice axe for balance.

At the tarns we met the rest of our party and as we strolled

towards our hostel we were invited to go with them on a two-day walk
down the Tasman glacier. This was an opportunity not to be missed,

WALK Page Fifteen

although some indecision gripped us - standing high up on solid rocks
looking at those great rivers of ice was one thing, but walking on them
would be another. We were inexperienced; were we capable of it, we
wondered. On the Tasman, yes, was the answer, provided we had a
guide.
So we made our plans. The booking was made to fly in the local
tourist Cessna up to the head of the glacier and at the hotel we hired
ice axes, our only special equipment, and arranged to stay at the Malte
Brun hut four miles below our landing place and 12 miles from where
the tourist bus would meet us at the foot of the glacier. Down at the
airstrip we waited excitedly in the cold, strong wind for the Cessna.
It looked so small in that large field which had once been the bed of
a glacier. The packs and ice axes were loaded and in we went. We were
still a little nervous and wondered just how safe we were as the ground
fell away beneath us and a swift turn took us round into the Tasman
valley.
Three pounds for half an hour was the price-if it has seemed a
lot to pay before, we knew now that it was cheap for such an experience.
The meandering, milky-coloured streams below disappeared behind us
and gave way to patches of dark, lumpy rocks divided by streaky, dirty
snow, uneven and hummocky. On either side and above us the mountains
looked close enough to touch at times, challenging yet frightening, while
the plane was like a tiny insect among them. The pilot swung low
beside the hut where we were to stay-a red doll's house perched on
a small ridge 600 feet up Mt. Malte Brun.
The three peaks of Mt. Cook now showed plainly, while the glacier
below became more broken, then smoother, until towards its head the
snow covered it with soft whiteness. Then, all too soon we lost height
and landed gently in a fairyland of clear blue sky, gleaming, unspoiled
snow and air so pure that our eyes deceived us, making distances seem
short. To our astonishment there were seagulls flying about, sometimes
landing to leave their familiar tracks on this strange surface. Then we
were told that just over the alps and a little to the west was the sea.
A few yards down our guide pushed the handle of his ice axe easily
down into the snow where a faint grey line an inch or two wide crossed
from side to side in front of us. This was our first encounter with a
crevasse, which in time to come would open up as the ice moved down
towards the lake into which it eventually flowed. Soon we were picking
our way over small hummocks, still covered with crisp, white snow,
becoming larger and more broken and then exposing rocks embedded
in clear ice as we moved towards the side, or "lateral", moraine. At
first I thought that these were just rocks and earth, but after sitting for
a few seconds on them a cold, damp seat made it clear that this was
not so at all.
Before we could start climbing to the hut we had to find a way
steeply down into a small valley of rocks and ice. There, because it was
a long drop below and a little slippery underfoot, we were tied for the
first time on a rope attached on the other end to our guide who was,
thankfully, solid and strong looking. Climbing up that 600 feet of scree,
treading carefully so as not to send any rocks flying down and perhaps
cause a rock fall dangerous to those beneath, was tiring work and the
sight of the hut on the grassy ridge was good. Now we could rest and

Page Sineen WALK

eat and look back along the way we'd come and on to where we would
go next morning.
We could see now that the Malte Brun hut was really big, having
a big kitchen-living room and two bunk rooms able to accommodate more
than 20 people. It also was well equipped with stoves, lamps and
cooking utensils, mattresses and blankets, and there was also a supply
of emergency rations.
Twilight was long and, although there were no clouds to provide
the colour we had hoped for, sunset tinged two white peaks delicately
pink as cameras clicked away. At the time appointed for this particular
hut, contact was made with the hotel by means of a pedal radio - a
strict rule for any parties staying overnight in the National Park. We
received the weather forecast, which was fine and clear so we knew we
could move off according to plan, and confirmed that we were all safe
and well.
Going down the scree slope next morning was quicker than it had
been coming up, if a little more frightening, making more than one pair
of knees knock a little, and soon we were back on the white ice, moving
towards a corner where another glacier joined and the crevasses were
big. The going made my knees knock not just a little, but violently, which
was embarrassing, but no amount of lecturing them would make them
behave, so that treading delicately as instructed on the ice steps cut for
us occasionally in tricky places was nearly impossible.
But if this was more dangerous then it was also more beautiful. The
hummocks became larger, sometimes towering high above us, and cracks
and holes had a fascinating, dizzying effect as we looked down into
them from the slippery edges, or tried not to look down as we edged
along narrow ledges above them. The ice was beginning to melt, forming
little pools and streams of water that swirled and gurgled as it dis-
appeared down these seemingly bottomless holes or met with other
streams and flowed on deeper and swifter. The colours in the ice and
water were indescribably clear, ranging from palest to inkiest of blues and
greens. The sun shone through a bridge of ice above us, sparkling on
soft, crunchy white on the outsides and merging into clear, clear green
towards the centre edges of thin, melting ice.
Our rests became lengthier and we lay back, content to be there,
shaking knees forgotten, feasting our eyes not only on the glacier itself
but on the mountains on either side, snow capped, beckoning, with
smaller glaciers and ice falls dropping down from them to join the
broad flow we lay on, and we listened to stories of other trips made
in this area. The hummocks of white ice were becoming strips between
streams and sometimes we sloshed along the shallower of these, the
water cold and refreshing on hot feet as we moved towards the great,
twisted heaps of dark rocks of the terminal moraine.
Soon civilization was in sight, with buses and people around the
Ball Hut and tourists down on the glacier. As we passed them, scruffy
and sunburnt beside their tourist-type neatness, we felt a little smug
as we thought of the differences between our impression of the Tasman,
and theirs.
At the Ball Hut I had a last look up the Tasman Valley before
boarding the bus which took us back to the hotel and, my fears for-
gotten, I longed to return to a world of shining peaks, clear, cool
crevasses and enchanting colours.

WALK Page Seventeen

 Easter Adventure
- Fred Halls

Although by now it is many a

long day since all this happened,
the memory remains as green as
that of yesterday. It's a wonder
to me that none of our party led
by "Safari Bill" has since told the
tale of our chilly Easter adventure.
There was more than a score
and a half of bushwalkers on the
booking list for the Easter walk.
This was perhaps one of the
largest parties to climb over the
rocky and well timbered section
of the Great Divide known as the
"Dry Barries". The Barry Moun-
tains are the forty-mile section of
the Divide, situated between Mt.
Speculation (5,650 feet) and Mt.
St. Bernard (5,060 feet), the
highest point being at "The Twins" (5,800 feet); we were planning to cross
the eastern section between Mts. St. Bernard and Selwyn. The range is
rugged and well timbered with some very fine park-like stands of woolly-
butts and no scrub, only ferns and wild raspberries. There are also
extensive and distant views through the trees.
Although the weather prior of Easter had been good with only a
little rain during the previous two months, our trip to the Barries ushered
in a period of record rain and cold. We were fortunate at first as little
rain fell on the Thursday for the after-midnight "bedding down" among
the red gums at Wangaratta. Although there was an early start next
morning, it was almost midday before we reached the edge of Beveridge's
Flats. This was due mostly to a couple of bad patches on the narrow
road along the Buckland Valley. Following Selwyn Creek track along the
pleasant timbered valley, after a couple of miles we lunched at a grassy
flat near the creek. On rejoining the forest access road, there followed
the unrelenting climb sidling the north-west slopes of Selwyn Creek
Valley through good forest of narrow leaf peppermint, mountain grey
gum, blanketleaf, hazel and sassafras; past the greenest of fern gullies
on a Selwyn Creek head into the realm of the woollybutt. The wind was
freezing cold near the forestry camp, in the saddle north-west of Selwyn
North Peak, so we didn't tarry long but made straight for the shelter
of the timber stands in the saddle. That night camp was pitched among
these lovely trees and close by the fluting melody of many a lyrebird
call rang through, making this peaceful spot a most pleasant campsite.
Unfortunately now many of these beautiful woollybutt stands are
gone, bowed before the bulldozer and the axe; we can no more wander
through the tall open forest, with a lower story growth of only ferns and
wild raspberries. Today there is the shambles of fallen trunks and slash,
criss-crossed and littered over the ground.

Page Eighteen WALK

 Next morning, in a freezing wind the short steep ascent to Selwyn
and the famous all-round view from its graceful summit preceded the
switch-back ridge section to the east, where the track follows the
sharply-defined Divide, here only a few feet wide, through fine snow
gums on a steeply plunging and weaving course. A little less than four
miles east of Selwyn we mistakenly took a well-defined cattle pad which
sidled down to the right of the ridge through lovely woollybutts. When
we realised we were too far south-east we hastily returned to the ridge
crossing a sheltered gully where grew several good specimens of the
Waxberry (Gaultheria appressa) and many another fine mountain shrub,
such as the Royal Grevillea (Grevillea victoria) and Alpine Beard Heath
(Leucopogon Macrearii) a handsome shrub with colourful green, red and
black berries.
The lunch period was brief and was spent huddled at the base of a
sturdy snow gum, then followed the descent through thick wattles to the
Deep Saddle. Just after lunch we met a jeep track which joined the
ridge clambering steeply up from the Buckland, this track was followed
eastwards and north-easterly on the long climb up out of the Deep
Saddle. Here there were beautiful and extensive views over the Buckland
Valley, past the mile-long flats of Beveridge's nestling in the valley far
below; and away to Buffalo with its Hump and Horn and in the south,
the Wongungarra country, glorious stands of alpine ash could be seen
marching up the steep hill slopes. As the day was still cold and the
visibility rapidly worsening, there was little point in walking out to
Mt. Murray, so we decided to head for our next campsite near Murray
Hut. The old stockyard as shown on our maps was found not to exist,
apparently it had been bulldozed over to the south side of the track to
form a high dog-leg fence. Because of this, and the rapidly worsening
visibility we overshot the turn-off to the hut and it was only after some
difficulty and searching that we found it. Half a mile below the hut
there is a good stream of clear water in the steep sided valley, bubbling
down the right hand gully from Mt. Murray.
"There's some very dirty weather blowing up, we're not going to
camp down here in this confined valley and be washed out." So many
of us carried full water bags back up to the saddle and there among
the sturdy snow gums with the wind whistling over the ridge, we found
a sheltered comfortable camp in the lee of the dog-leg fence. Quite
evidently it was also a favourite bed of the bovines, judging by the
resentful stares and bellowed complaints of the red and white "cold
mountain cattle".
As might have been expected the weather next morning was perfectly
foul, a strong chilling wind, fog and rain with visibility worsening. But it
did not prevent us from realizing what a lovely spot this must be on
a fine sunny day, with its short springy grass and rich emerald moss
patches amid the lovely park-like snow gums. Here they were almost
perfect specimens, healthy and spreading, their writhing limbs a maze
of silver, orange, green and yellow stripes. In addition there would have
been good views in all directions, particularly across to the rugged cliff-
walled Blue Rag Range.
But we had to leave and from here on the task of finding our way
became increasingly difficult. Several times small groups of the party lost
the correct track in the fog, but after back-tracking to the ridge top
eventually regained the right track. Generally speaking this traversed

WALK Page Nineteen

the ridge top. On one occasion while following a cattle pad just down
from the range top, we found that the spur was dropping rapidly, turning
north-west then flattening out to a tiny knoll, below which it pitched
head-long into the swirling mists of Buckland Valley, "Oops! Wrong
spur". So we retraced our steps for a short distance and once more
rejoined the Divide track.
At lunch on Sunday a shivering group huddled around a fire and
waited for The Laird, Instant Ian, Hon. Secretary and several others to
rejoin the main group. Just as lunch was finished they straggled in,
having lost the correct track for a while, but it was so very cold waiting
around that the leader, against his better judgment reluctantly agreed to
split the party. Half the group were sent ahead with Felix to try to make
camp at the far side of "The Twins", the rest of the party waited until
the stragglers had lunched and warmed themselves. By then the outlook
was even more murky with the range of vision down to a few feet. It was
obvious that we would have to move carefully, keeping close together
and making doubly sure of each section of the track. As we climbed out
of the lunch saddle and contmued along the crest of the ridge through
the ghostly snow gums we found the spur track swinging south-east,
then south, so we agreed that we were again on the wrong spur.
Then followed the regrouping, backtracking and nosing about, until
what was thought to be the correct track was discovered; this diverged
left at a very small angle and sidled around the windward side of the
range. As we tramped towards the weather quarter the wind blew harder
and the rain fell more heavily. We were puzzled because no boot or
stud marks were seen along the track, it was obvious that the early group
was not ahead of us, which gave us the faint nagging doubt that we were
wrong although according to the compass bearing this was not so. Then,
after sidling the mountain, the rocky spine of The Twins loomed up dead
ahead in the scudding fog, we were at the saddle west of this mountain.
The track then swung away from the mountain backbone, and sidled
far to the north and north-west, which perturbed some of the group.
But as I pointed out, The Twins at 5,800 feet is a mighty big mountain
and we would probably have to go out a long way to sidle the northern
spurs of such a large knob, and so it turned out to be. When this track
had again turned east we noticed a road below. This was greeted with
a good deal of glee, it eventually brought us to a Forest Commission
road construction camp, at the northern foot of The Twins. We were
all so wet and cold that the sight of this haven sent our spirits soaring
high, and soon there was a lazy spiral of smoke ascending, the ring of
the axe, the crackle of flames and drying of wet clothes, the "all-in"
delicious hot stew and eventually a warm comfortable night's rest in
this sheltered camp.
In the meantime, what of the other group? Sad to relate they were
not nearly so fortunate. It seems quite likely that they went astray along
the same spur as we had, but they wandered well down before realising
their error. At about this stage Sam's legs started to give him trouble,
the freezing winds and downhill jolting over hard rock had caused them
to lock, resulting in a slow stiff-legged return up the spur. As day was
fast ebbing it was decided that the majority of the group should try
to reach a reasonable campsite off the rocky spur while long Mike, who
did the lion's share of helping Sam in his hour of need, would look for
as comfortable a bivouac as possible for the night. However, neither group

Page Twenty WALK

Along the Barry Range
J. Brownlie

was able to reach a good campsite but spent the night on the chilly
mountain ridge in fog with an icy wind blowing, and no drinking water-
a dry camp in one sense only.
Reverting to Safari Bill's mob, as the weather had improved some-
what on the Easter Monday it was easy for us to walk out the two
miles along the jeep track to journey's end at the junction of the Dargo-
Alpine Roads, and there we were joined by Felix's group, and later by
Sam and Co. Poor Sam, what a forlorn figure he looked hobbling stiffiy
down the mountain track and nibbling from a small bag of sunflower
seeds. When we met him he complained, "They wouldn't let me stop,
they made me keep going in case my legs seized again, and all they
gave me to eat was a packet of bird seed".
All this may sound rather grim, but in fact it was a most memorable
and interesting trip; long will I remember The Barries, the glorious
woollybutt groves, the graceful snow gums on the rocky spine, the
extensive views from the shapely crest of Selwyn and the comradeship
of Safari Bill's mob of "Busbies".
EDITOR'S NOTE: The track notes for this walk were published in WALK, 1961. In good
weather this is an easy and scenic tdp.

DRY CAMP DITTY *

Polly put the billy on to make a cup of tea.
Go easy on the water, it's very scarce you see.
When you've finished with it don't tip out the brew,
Just put some dehyd with it and then we'll call it stew.

WALK Page Twenty-one

 Compiling a Map
- P. Elder
Map compilation is the systematic setting in order of data used to
represent terrain. The name of the first organization to produce maps
according to a coherent scheme, was the Ordnance Survey of Great Britain
in 1745. The word "ordnance" in this particular sense means "setting
things in order".
There are two basic concepts in map compilation and these are:
(1) planimetry-which is the representation of all plane features such as
drainage systems, roads, railways, vegetation, hydrographic features, built-
up areas, etc.; and, (2) hypsometry-which is the representation of relief
defined by measurement such as contours or spot heights. Bearing in mind
these concepts, it will be seen that there are two kinds of maps-(1) plani-
metric maps which show all plane features but which can represent relief
in the form of hachUres, hill shading, rock-work or form lines, but does not
show height measurement; and (2) topographic maps which show plani-
metric features plus relief depicted by contours and spot heights, that
is to say, a measured representation of height.
The greatest aid to map compilation is aerial photography. In Aus-
tralia, aerial photography for mapping is planned according to one mile
military map areas, which are based on the standard format of 30 minutes
of longitude (E-W) by 15 minutes of latitude (N-S). It will be appreciated
that, because of the nature of the transverse mercator projection the
longitudinal measurement of the map will vary according to the 15
minute latitude band in which it is placed. This means that maps near
the north of Australia are much wider than maps of, say, Tasmania,
because of the convergence of the meridians as they approach the poles.
When a particular one mile map area is chosen to be compiled, it
must meet the requirement of survey control-this means that the National
Trigonometrical Survey must have established at least three major so-
called first order "trig" points within the map area. All features shown
in the map compilation have to be related to these control points.
Geodetic measurement-that is, the precise measurement of azimuth
(bearing relative to true north) and distance is a highly technical pro-
cedure which I do not propose to discuss here, except to demonstrate
that this is the only method of obtaining the accurate fixation of points
on the earth's surface (geoid). To show the complexity of this, recent
techniques employ satellites in fixed or eccentric orbits to assist the
geodesist in his work.
Having selected the map area to be photographed, the usual pro-
cedure is to use a camera with a focal length of 6 inches at an altitude
of 25,000 feet, which will result in a scale factor of 1/50,000. The area
is traversed by parallel east-west flight tracks and a continuous roll
of film in the camera, which is controlled by a clockwork mechanism,
is passed behind the lens so as to produce a series of sixty per cent.
laterally overlapping negatives each 9 inches by 9 inches. These tracks are
so spaced as to produce an overlap of about thirty per cent. between
each so-called "run" of exposure. In addition, "tie" runs are made
north-south at the west, east and centre portions of the area.

Page Twenty-two WALK

 After the area has been photographed it is usual to make several sets
of contact prints; a set of these is then laid down to produce a rectified
picture of the terrain. This method is called the slotted template or radial
plot method and is a way of compensating for the drift or departure
of the aircraft's track from a straight line.
Each pair of laterally overlapping photographs is called a "stereo-
graphic pair" and when viewed through a stereoscope a relief model of
the terrain can be seen. In this way it is possible to produce contours
drawn on each pair of stereographic photographs; when all the prints
covering the map are assembled a complete contour pattern can be
developed.
One method used for plotting contours is the multiplex stereo-
projector system using diapositives (positive black and white transparen-
cies) of each stereo-pair projected through a red and a green filter
respectively. When viewed by the observer wearing spectacles with one
red and one green lens a dramatic effect of relief is seen; this is called
the anaglyphic effect. A trained operator is then able to trace the
contours of the relief model using a point source of light to trace an
imaginary line of equal height-this is attached to a stylus which traces
a contour plot.
From the rectified photo·assembly on which contours have been
plotted all detail which has to appear on the map is traced on to a
transparent medium of high dimensional stability such as "astralon" or
"ultrafein" which has been "gridded" with a graticule of lines produced
at the same scale as the aerial photography. This tracing is called the
compilation sheet and is in fact a manuscript of the finished map.
The next step is to "fair draw" the compilation material, which
means that a separate drawing is prepared for each colour to be printed.
For example, the grid is printed in black so a separate drawing is made
of the grid and grid figures only; by the use of register marks at each
corner each separate drawing can be made to "register" accurately as,
for example, the red infill between the black lines of a road. Each
separate drawing is transferred to a printing plate and these are run on
a lithographic press in successive printings in the desired colours to
produce a multi-coloured printed map.
One of the important functions of the map compiler is the purely
editorial function of making sure of the completeness and accuracy of the
names to appear on the map. Each State maintains a nomenclature com-
mittee which determines the spelling and usage of names used in mapping
and all new names are examined by these bodies before maps are edited.
One of the conclusions which must be drawn from this is that the
map-maker can complete his task without setting foot upon the mapped
area. However, the task of road classification can be accomplished only
by inspection and this accounts for the frequent inaccuracy of track
information which appears, or does not appear, on maps. Map users are
encouraged to advise the map producer of any errors or omissions in his
work in order that this may be remedied in future editions.

*
Culled from a South African newspaper: "It is not true that walking
is a lost art. After all, one has to get to the garage somehow".

WALK Page Twenty-three

A BUSHWALKERS INTRO. TO

ROCK
CLIMBING
- Stan Mizon

Why do men climb mountains? No

satisfactory reply has yet been given
to this question - at least to those
people who prefer to keep both feet
firmly on ground which is as level as
possible. To a climber or a mountain-
eer, however, no answer is possible
or necessary - the rock face or peak
is there - he must climb it, if not
today, then most certainly tomorrow.

It is a little easier to suggest an

answer to the bushwalker. From time
to time he too endures the miseries
of cold and violent winds, together
with the discomfort of tent and hut
life, as the price for the enjoyment
he obtains from his outdoor activi-
ties. But for him a rock cliff is just
a natural feature which he must
avoid. However, I suggest that a rock
face can offer as many stimulating
challenges for his abilities as those
encountered in executing a prolonged
walk over difficult country.

Rock climbing technique has been

set down in a number of readily
available texts. Details of this craft
are therefore outside the scope of this
article. Practical instruction is also
readily available as the National
Fitness Council conducts a course
each year, with the assistance of in-
structors from the Victorian Climbing
Club. May I then, as both bushwalker
and climber, suggest that my fellow-

Beginner abseiling
D. Sullivan

Page Twenty-four WALK

bushwalker consider the rock faces he now passes by in a new light,
perhaps as an extension of his present walking experience.
Areas are available within 45 to 63 miles of Melbourne for the
practice of elementary rock climbing techniques - the same areas which
the walker visits. At Hanging Rock, Woodend, the pinnacles of the rock
outcrops vary in height to about 35 feet, with the faces of some walls
offering climbs of up to 200 feet. The Sugarloaf Face of the Cathedral
Range, Buxton, has been thoroughly examined since the advent of
organised climbing in Victoria in 1947. It is now covered in climbs and
their variations. The rock is round and most routes offer several hundreds
of feet of either vertical climbing or traverses.
Advanced climbing is available at the Jawbones, situated on the
east side of the Cathedral Range, about three miles north of the Sugar-
loaf Face. Walkers scramble along the top of the South Jawbones, thence
up to the top of the North Jawbones whenever following the standard
walking route along the Razorback to the Cathedral. Climbers can ascend
up to about 380 feet of rock on the east face of the North Jawbones,
combining both free and artificial climbing techniques to overcome the
problems offered by the rock. Some high standard climbs are available,
a number requiring pitons (steel pegs) to be hammered into suitable
cracks to protect the climbers. The purpose of a piton is to provide the
security of a rock ballard or jughandle where none exists, and thus to
enable the inactive climber to "tie on" before taking in or passing out
the rope lifeline between the active climber and himself. The piton also
provides a secure point for a snaplink through which the leader passes
the active rope as he climbs higher, or traverses. In this way the leader
limits the extent of the sudden descent, or swing across the face should
he fall.
The Grampians is a favourite walking area, especially during spring.
However, climbers visit this area throughout the year for the high-grade
climbing available on Mt. Rosea (in the Halls Gap area). The rock is
very steep but broken by ledges and overhangs. Holds generally are
sound, but some of the large blocks are unstable and so are treated with
great care. Some routes offer up to 500 feet of climbing which can
test a climber's stamina and skill to the full. Free climbing must often
be combined with the use of pitons to secure and protect the climbing
party. Most of the more obvious rock climbing problems have been
overcome, but some variations of these climbs still remain to be established.
Most walkers visit the National Park, Buffalo, sometime during their
walking days. A climbing problem which remained unsolved for some
years was the ascent of the 900-foot north wall of the Buffalo Gorge.
The rock is very hard granite, with ledges up to 50 feet apart separated
by smooth walls. Common repute has it that this problem has been
overcome and the 900-foot face conquered but recorded details are not
available. Recent attempts by climbers of the V.C.C. to ascend the face
with the use of expansion bolts as security points for artificial climbing
techniques have not been successful at this writing. Further climbing in
this National Park is offered by the Wall of China with several recorded
climbs of about 100 to 150 feet. The Cathedral, an obvious rock sentinel,
has several climbs, each requiring layback and foot and hand jamb
techniques to solve a number of chimney problems.
A climber names each first ascent he completes. This naming of
a new climb is usually done in a light-hearted way. Route names range

WALK Page Twenty-five

DRY FEET in mud, water and snow
when your boots are dry-sealed by Dri-Seal!
Waterproof, preserve and protect your
boots with Dri-Seal wax. Dri-Seal is
the wonder waterproofing wax for
leather and canvas. Seals out mois-
ture, prevents mildew. Dri-Seal was
invented to protect and preserve
equipment on polar expeditions.
Skiers use Dri-Seal to keep ski boots
free from moisture. Campers use
Dri-Seal on tents and awnings to
prevent leaks and mildew. Get Dri-Seal from Canvas Houses,
Dri-Seal wax is easy to apply. Quick Hardware Stores, or from Simpsons
to dry. Canvas and leather treated Manufacturing Pty. Ltd., 156 Barkly
with Dri-Seal stays flexible. Avenue, Burnley, Vic. Phone 42 3737

Page Twenty-six WALK

from the descriptive, such as Northern Ramble, Central Buttress, Long
Rib, Spider Walk, to the mock serious - Flypaper Wall, Desperation
Crack, Bridge of Sighs - and sometimes extends to those of a frankly
ribald nature. Each name attempts to capture some aspect, incident or
feature which distinguishes a particular climb from that of any other.
Quite often a name will mean little to anyone but those who overcame
the problems of the route, sometimes after a number of unsuccessful
attempts. By then the climb will have become a very personal affair to
the party matching its skills against the challenges provided by the rock.
Rock climbing, like bushwalking requires the right choice of party,
equipment and training. Be sure that you have all three before you
challenge a rock face - otherwise continue to pass it by.

Melbourne
Bushwalkers
80 Walks a Yearl
... are listed on our Walks Programme

If YOU are interested in such activities write for details to the Hon.
Secretary, at our Clubroom, Room 110, Railway Building, Flinders St.,
Melbourne, or CALL AND SEE US any Friday (8 to 10.30 p.m.).

OFFICE BEARERS, 1964-65

President: Alan Bennett General Committee:
Vice-Presidents Ian Phillips Margaret Brooks
Valerie Goldsmith Rex Filson
Hon. Treasurer: Robert Steel Margaret Greenall
Hon. Secretary: Harold Peterson Fred Halls
Hon. Walks Secretary: John Siseman Kay Murphy
Hon. Social Secretary: Barbara Aldridge Athol Schafer
Wilkinson Lodge Manager: Darrell Sullivan Barry Short
Annual Subscription:
Seniors . . . . . 30/-
Juniors (under
21) . . . . . . lSI-
Married couples 40/-
VISITORS are always WELCOME on our walks.

WALK Page Twenty-seven

 BOOKS for the

HIS SHADY TREE

Bill Harney is known to all by way of his radio broadcasts, his
association with and knowledge of the aborigines, and his years as the
Ranger at Ayer's Rock. On retirement from this latter position he took
the advice of an old aboriginal friend and looked for his "shady tree"
to sit beneath and look back on his eventful life. He began this book
beneath it, but died before it was finished, leaving only notebooks written
in an almost indecipherable scrawl. His friend, Douglas Lockwood, has
finished the book for him, in almost-Harney style. The result is very
readable and offers a very human account of life in the north over
many years.
The Shady Tree, by W. E. Harney and Douglas Lockwood. Published
by Rigby Limited. Price 30/-.

FLINDERS RANGES *
There are many Victorian walkers who have already extended their
range of activities to the colourful Flinders Ranges, and many who will
do so in the future. A useful addition to the library to add interest to
the trip is this book which deals with the equally colourful history of the
area, of the efforts of the settlers who lost everything in the drought of
the 1860's, of the copper mines, and much earlier, of the aboriginal rock
carvings. The author has had a long association with the Ranges and
their natural history-in fact some fossils found in the area were named
after him. There are many good photographs throughout the book, in-
cluding some colour plates.
The Story of the Flinders Ranges, by Hans Mincham. Published by Rigby
Limited, Adelaide. Price 42/-.

GOLD! *
Many walking trips take us into the old gold diggings of the last
century, and many are the questions that these trips conjure up in our
minds. Here is a book which will answer those questions. Sub-titled
"A History of the Colony of Victoria, 1851-1861" it won a Moomba
award for Australian literature, and presents a colourful account of life
on the goldfields. As a preface there is an account of life before the
discovery of gold and from this it is possible to see how greatly this
discovery did help to shape Victoria, and to people her with vigorous
citizens.
The Golden Age, by Geoffrey Serle. Published by Melbourne University
Press. Price £3/10/-.

Page Twenty-eight WALK

BUSHWALKER
TREES
This is a very well produced book which aims at opening the eyes
of the reader to the extraordinary variety and nature of the trees around
him. It covers, as might be expected in Australia, the eucalypts and
acacias, but in addition pines, palms, tree ferns and protea, as well as
trees with special features. There is a great deal of material on identifica-
tion and the book is a handy size for carrying.
Tree Wonders of Australia, By A. E. Brooks. Published by Heinemann,
Melbourne-Sydney. Price 21/-.

THE INGENIOUS WORLD OF THE SPIDER *

This work on spiders which was first published in 1938 has now
been printed in a paperback edition. It still excites interest in the in-
genious world of the spider, a world which the bushwalker is in a good
position to observe.
Australian Spiders, by Keith C. McKeown. Published by Angus and
Robertson. Price 17/6.

RARE NORTHERN BIRDS *

The author writes very vividly of his quest for rare birds in the
Northern Territory. As an ornithologist and photographer of long standing
he is well qualified to do this, and his love for the bush and its in-
habitants has been shown by the fact that he was Superintendent of
Scenic Reserves in Tasmania from 1947 to 1961. However this book
does not concern itself only with birds but also tells very entertainingly
of the many people and places encountered in his trippings.
A Territory of Birds, by Michael Sharland. Published by Rigby Limited,
Adelaide. Price 39/6.

ROYAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY *

The Royal Historical Society now occupies large offices at 19 Queen
Street in the city where is housed its large library of Australiana. There
are facilities there for research, study, or just browsing. They also hold
public meetings.

ERRATA FOR WALK 1964 *

"Safety in the Bush" is now out of print.
"Snowy Mountains Walks"-the price of this should read 7/6 plus postage.

WALK Page Twenty-nine

 See VICTORIA First
This Holiday State has the best to offer
at any of its varied natural playgrounds.
For all information and Rail, Road, Sea and Air Bookings :

VIC TOUR
The Victorian Government Tourist Bureau,
272 Collins Street, Melbourne.
TELEPHONE: 63 0202
SPECIALISTS IN GROUP TRAVEL
Page Thirty WALK
Moroka Journey
-B. H. Short
This trip for the "toughies" will probably be somewhat different since
the fires which burnt out this area during Easter 1964.

I had long been intrigued by tales of the Moroka Gorge; it was

said to be really spectacular, very precipitious and hard to get at. On
casting about for more concrete information I could find nobody who
had actually been there, the nearest was a friend who was fairly sure
that someone he knew had been. The Busbies certainly hadn't visited
in the last decade, and other trips that had been routed through the
Gorge had left no track notes. So a route that appeared to be the most
logical was chosen from the maps of the area.
And so it was that Christmas Eve of 1963 found four of us bedded
down under the stars beside the Wellington River. The next day we
drove on up the Bennison Spur Road and one and a half hours later
parked the car beside an F.C.V. camp in the saddle between Trapyard
Hill and Cromwell's Knob. We shouldered our packs which were stuffed
with five days' rations and Christmas delicacies, and headed off in a
south-easterly direction along an obscure jeep track which sidled Crom-
well's Knob. From this we were treated to views of The Sentinels, Gable
End, Mt. Wellington, Trapyard Hill and Mt. Kent. The jeep track ran
down the crest of the spur in a north-westerly direction passing through
burnt out forest, now choked with regrowth which in many places almost
completely obliterated the track. Finally it dropped off the west side of
the spur and we continued on down the crest. We found a great outcrop
of rock affording us wonderful views into the Moroka River and here
we had lunch. The afternoon was a repetition of the morning - on down
this shattered razor-backed spur, a sheer drop of a thousand feet into
the Moroka on our right, and a not-too-gentle slope on our left. Overhead
rain squalls chased themselves across the sky but none quite dropped
their contents on us. About five hundred feet above the river the spur
flattened out and appeared to end in cliffs, so rather than take the
chance of encountering these we descended a "creek bed" on the
eastern side of the ridge. Down this we slipped and slithered, clawing at
the vegetation, until we arrived at the Moroka River which was many
times larger than we had expected. We crossed to the northern side and
walked along the scrubby banks, climbing around and over a small cliff.
All in all we had dropped 2,500 feet in three miles, but unbeknownst to
us it was an easy section compared with what was to come. The camp-
site had to be cleared of scrub before we could pitch the tents - we
could hardly wait for the Christmas dinner of chicken, plum pudding,
cream and tinned fruit. As we were washing down the last mouthful with
billy tea, the wind changed and a vicious gust swept down the valley.
There was a loud crack and a big dead gum tree crashed to the ground
not thirty yards from our tents. We were a bit wary of camping under
dead trees after that.
The next day was cloudless and hot as we set out to walk the five
miles upstream to explore the Moroka Gorge. Vain hope! We began by
rock hopping up the river as the scrub on the banks was rather thick.

WALK Page Thirty-one

WALKERS!
TASMANIA WAS MADE FOR YOU

Dove Lake and Cradle Mountain

For those who like to take it easy there are well-graded tracks and
comfortable huts; for those who like to pioneer there are Peaks and Gorges to
challenge the most intrepid mountaineers. You can enjoy solitude beside
burbling creeks or delightful comradeship around a blazing fire while the billy
boils and the chops sizzle.
It is easy to get to the starting points by road transport for the Cradle
Mountain/Lake St Clair Scenic Reserve, Frenchman's Gap, Freycinet and
Tasman Peninsulas, Ben Lomond, the Derwent Valley National Park, the
Hartz Mountains and hosts of other virgin areas. By 'plane to Lake Pedder
for the rugged South-West. Tasmania has a chain of Youth Hostels.

PLAN YOUR TRIP WITH THE

TASMANIAN GOVERNMENT
TOURIST BUREAU
254 COLLINS STREET, MELBOURNE. Phone 63 6351
Free literature-maps and booklets at low cost.

Page Thirty-two WALK

Very soon we were forced to wade across to the other side to avoid a
cliff which dropped straight into the river. As we moved upstream we
passed by many such cliff faces rising sheer up from deep pools, while
in other parts there were comparatively wide river flats. But always high
above us towered the hills. There were numerous spectacular waterfalls,
rapids and cascades, these sights alone made the trip worthwhile. At
one stage when we were moving along the base of some cliffs above a
deep pool there was the sound of studs skating on rock, a cry, a splash
and we turned to see Harold struggling in the water, way out of his
depth. Quickly we ran to his assistance for it would have been impossible
for him to have climbed back on to the bank by himself. Later, we
decided to climb to avoid a rock face but ended up some fifty feet above
the river on a treacherous cliff face. Here we had to resort to pack
hauling to negotiate it and it took us an hour before we were back
on the river, having travelled in all about a hundred yards. When we
set off after lunch we weren't even half way to the Gorge. Further
hazard involved a crawl along the sheer sides of a small gorge about a
hundred yards long and at the end of this a waist-deep wade through a
small cascade. It was after five by the time we arrived at our campsite at
Fitzpatrick's Creek. Here we left packs to go on to the Gorge, a mile
away, but we were much more tired than we had thought and reluctantly
had to give up with only half a mile to go. Sleep came very easily that
night!
The next day's programme was not to be an easy one either; a
climb of 2,800 feet straight up to the summit of Mt. Kent, then a walk
of five miles to camp on the Little Round Plain. So it was an early
rising next morning. As I was about to pick up my groundsheet what
should run out from underneath but a scorpion. "Hmm," I thought, "a
charming bedfellow!" At about eight we began to climb, starting
immediately behind our camp. We found that our stamina suited a
twenty minutes climb followed by a five minutes rest, and this we tried
to keep up, but as we climbed higher the rests became longer. On and
on we went, and up and up, the sweat rolling off. At 12.30 we reached
the summit, almost exhausted. Before us stretched a fantastic view of
range upon range of mountains stretching in unbroken lines to the horizon,
and, standing there on the summit, although dog-tired, sweating and
thirsty, I knew why I went bushwalking.
After lunch we thought our troubles were over and blithely headed
down hill to Little Kent. We didn't know that a track ran along the
edge of the cliffs on the northern fall and soon became entangled in a
mess of scrub on the Moroka fall so that it took us two hours to reach
Little Kent. After travelling some along the jeep track which starts at
Little Kent we came across two fine specimens of brumby. One came
quite close before shying away and disappearing into the scrub. By now
at every hill we felt as if the stuffing had been knocked out of us, we
had no energy at all. There were only two or three mouthfuls of water
left in the water bottles and these were jealously hoarded, and all the
time a merciless sun beat down from a cloudless sky. Finally we did
reach the turn-off to Little Round Plain and started down it, but it was
not till 7.30 that the cry "Water!" went up and there on our right amongst
the trees was the light glinting on a creek. Boy, did that water taste
good! After this experience we decided that three hard days were quite
enough, so we changed the programme and eased up. Unfortunately
this meant cutting out the Pinnacles and Jump Up.

WALK Page Thirty-three

 M oroka River
H. B. Short

So, next morning we were not on our way till nine, when we
followed the creek downstream making a short packless side trip to
Stonehenge Saddle. As we were climbing up the long hill from Little
River we agreed that we had done the right thing in easing up-we were
still very tired. A long downhill run brought us, after five miles for
the morning, to the Old Horse Yards on the Moroka River. This time
we were upstream of the Gorge, but not nearly close enough to make
another attempt to reach it. However, I decided that the next time I
tried I would enter from this end as access seemed quicker and easier.
The Old Horse Yards consisted of large grassy open river flat and, of
course, the old horse yards. It was a very pleasant spot except for one
thing - the flies. We had never seen flies in such numbers before and
those without veils soon improvised them as we sat and fought the
flies for possession of our lunches. The afternoon was spent exploring and
fishing, the fishermen actually caught two which they had for breakfast
next morning.
We covered the nine miles for the next morning in about four hours.
We all four agreed that it would not be long before we again tackled
the Moroka Gorge and that next time we would succeed.

Page Thirty-four WALK

 WALKABOUT NZ STYLE

It's
cheaper
by
the
group!
ON TEAL's GROUP
TRAVEL PLAN ...
Take your club on a New
Zealand walkabout. A fantastic
10% saving can be made on
air fares for groups of 10 or
more. Even bigger saving for
bigger groups. Check your TEAL
Travel Agent for detai Is on
TEAL's GROUP TRAVEL PLAN
TO NEW ZEALAND.

NEW ZEALAND'S International Airline

in association with Qantas and BOAC

AP25.75.100Sc
WALK Page Thirty-five
 BLACKWOOD and BEYOND
-G. Errey

Bushwalking is a winter sport, someone had remarked as we travelled

in the van along the Western Highway on that August morning. However,
on alighting, I began to have second thoughts as the grey nimbus clouds
warned of threatening rain and the cold wind gusts whistled around our
bare legs. Seventeen of us had decided to "give it a go" for the week-end
and after a quick introductory circle we set off towards Mt. Blackwood.
On entering a eucalypt belt we disturbed several wallabies. Being pro-
tected in Victoria they breed undisturbed and inhabit large areas of the
Blackwood Range. Later we were fortunate to see two sugar gliders or
flying phalangers in the trees which reminded us of a similar incident
two years before on the Fryerstown historical ramble. Flying phalangers
look like small squirrels and possess folds of skin between their front
and back legs which extended provide natural parachutes, while their
tails act as effective rudders.

Skirting M t. Blackwood the track led north among pleasant box

gums, everywhere the colourful pink heath, purple sarsaparilla and golden
wattle made us realize spring was just around the corner. A screetch
above and a flutter of white wings made us turn our heads skywards as
a flock of cockatoos flew out of sight. With the weather still threatening,
we decended from the main track through thick hakea and although the
flowers filled the air with perfume, in no way did it compensate for the
scratches on our arms and legs caused by the prickly foliage. Soon the
workings of the old Britannia mine were seen and here beside the creek
we made our lunch stop. Retracing our steps after lunch we again followed
the track north to the Blackwood Road. By taking a side road we avoided
the town and passed several old houses until we descended into the
camping ground. The spa water here was not everybody's cup of tea.
The non-drinkers could not be encouraged to indulge even when told of
its curative properties and that the mineral waters here and throughout
the Daylesford area are considered by some to be equal to any in the
world. We crossed the Lerderberg River over the old suspension bridge
which creaked as seventeen pairs of boots trod the planks and made
camp a little way upstream.

When we awoke next morning it was the first of September, the

first day of spring we were told, but this thought was far from our
minds as we emerged groaning from frosty tents. The water in the water-
bags had frozen, evidence enough of the low temperature. After breakfast
we were ready to tackle the next part of the walk. The sun shone between
dripping gum leaves as we returned to the Swing Bridge where we left
the packs and took the road to Golden Point. The Golden Point Hotel,
long since disused, its windows boarded up, caused us to stop and
ponder on the days in the 1860's when this was one of over thirty hotels
which served the gold miners in the area. Crossing the river we climbed
the hill to the lookout where we were afforded a bird's eye view of
Golden Point and the Lerderderg far below. We then followed a relic of
the gold days in the form of an old water race. How many men and
how much time were spent on building this and other water races which
were used to wash gold from the soil will never be known.

Page Thirty-six WALK

 Sugar gliders
Courtesy of N. Wakefield, F.N.C.V.
Soon we returned to our packs and shouldering them headed up
the road to Blackwood itself. Blackwood was originally named Red Hill
and after gold was discovered in 1854 at Golden Point the population
in and around the area quickly rose to well over 20,000. We turned left
at the Blackwood Hotel, the only hotel still in business, and a relic of
Cobb and Co. days. Simmons Reef to the west was our new destination
and after crossing the footbridge over the Back Creek we passed several
large diggings and a few remaining miners' huts, now used as holiday
shacks. Taking the road to Fosters Lookout we ascended until a road
junction was reached. Then turning south we followed the road to its
end. Here the shaft of an old gold mine which had been dug into the
hill-side could be seen. Water and mud prevented all but the very
curious from entering.
Without a track we were now forced to descend steeply into a
shady creek where beautiful tree ferns and pittosporums almost hid the
sun but soon we were again on higher ground walking beside box gums.
After lunch, owing to the thick bush, we decided to follow the road
south so that the afternoon became a long ramble on a hard road past
Green Hills, ending with a short cut through open country to Greendale.
While waiting for the van we attended to our blistered and weary feet,
the price of a week-end ramble around Blackwood and beyond.

WAlK Page Thirty-seven

 •
Holiday 1n New Zealand
See sandy beaches, cliffs, caves, picturesque townships, thermal wonders,
unique glow worm caves, beautiful lakes and glaciers . . . all in wonder-
ful New Zealand.
For details, see your local Travel Agent or the
NEW ZEALAND Government Tourist Bureau
93 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne-67 6621

JOHN DONNE & SON

CHART HOUSE
372 POST OFFICE PLACE, MELBOURNE
for

MAPS, COMPASSES AND BOOKS

For the Walker

Included in our Ronge are :

• TRANSPARENT PLASTIC FOLDERS, suitable for Mop Cases, 10/-

• PEDOMETERS, 87/3

Page Thirty-eight WALK

 NEW MAPS
1. MACALLISTER RIVER WATERSHED
Dept. of Mines. 2 miles to 1 inch.
This is the streamflow map of a large area of the mountain region
of Victoria, from Matlock in the west to Mt. Kent in the east, and Mt.
Cobbler in the north to Mt. Useful in the south. This has been over-
printed in red with the latest (to the time of publication) roads and jeep
tracks and should prove a very useful addition to the library for planning
walking trips. It is also available from the Forests Commission.
Date revised: June, 1963.

2. BARMAH FOREST
Forests Commission. 1 mile to 1 inch.
This map covers the forest reserve east of Echuca and is essentially
a feature map, with tracks, roads, streams and swamps marked. The Murray
River is the northern boundary. The area is a pleasant one for an easy
three-day week-end.
Date compiled: 1963.

3. MALLACOOTA 4. CANN-EVERARD 5. MURRANGOWAR

1 mile to 2 inches.
Forests Commission. 1 mile to 1 inch.
2 miles to 1 inch.
All are available in all three scales but must be ordered in advance.
They are feature maps but are only in one colour and are called map-
sheets. For 3. there are three sheets required to make up the area in
the first-mentioned scale, for 4.-flve, and for 5.-four.
Date compiled: 1963-64.

WHERE TO PURCHASE:
Forests Commission: 453 Latrobe St., Melbourne.
Military Maps: John Donne, 372 Post Office Place, Melbourne.
Auski, Hardware St., Melbourne.
Dept. of Lands and Survey: Central Plans Office, Treasury Place, Mel-
bourne.

MAP FILE - MELBOURNE BUSHWALKERS

The file of maps which is kept in the Clubroom in the Victorian
Railways Institute building (Room 110) has recently been made fairly
comprehensive. Any reader is invited to make use of this as a reference
medium at the Clubroom any Friday night.

WALK Page Thirty-nine

 POWELLTOWN TRAMWAY
- Robert Wilson.

There have been various

methods of transporting timber
in Victoria. In the early days
it was hauled by teams of
bullocks, but, in later years, it
was mainly carried by rail.
These railways ranged from
rough, wooden-railed horse
tramways to the larger steel-

III r a i I e d locomotive-operated
tramways.
One of the most interesting
of them known as the Powell-
town Tramway, was operated
by the Victorian Hardwood
and Sawmilling Company be-
tween Yarra Junction and
Powell town.
I undertook to make this
study because I had seen a
few photographs of the tram-
way and had heard that this
was a rather interesting line.
My parents, who had travelled
on it in the past, gave me
much information about its
operation. I obtained further
details from a member of the
Australian Railway Historical
Society. The Victorian Hard-
wood and Sawmilling Co.
kindly gave me some photo-
graphs of the locomotives and
facts about the later years of
its operation. I have not ex-
plored the route of the line
completely but the remnants of
sections are still visible from
the Yarra Junction-Powelltown
road.
In 1902 the Victorian Hard-
wood and Sawmilling Company
established a mill and season-
ing works at Powelltown, some
40 miles from Melbourne, in
the heart of some of the State's
finest forest country.

Page Forty WALK

The Shay at work

The Company, which was operating on State Forest land, obtained

authority to construct a steel-railed 3 ft. gauge tramway for freight and pas-
senger traffic from Powelltown to Yarra Junction. There were numerous exten-
sions into the forest for bringing in logs for milling, and after reaching
Powelltown the sawn timber was conveyed to Yarra Junction and then
to market over the Government line.
The first section, from Yarra Junction to the township of Powelltown,
was 10~ miles in length, passing through a number of small halts, stations
and sidings: Barrier, Gladysdale, Black Sands, Three Bridges, and
Guilderoy. It followed the Little Yarra River, a very suitable route, as
the river gravel was used for track ballast. The gradients were very
steep, at times being 1 in 30, and the line rose from 377 feet above
sea level at Yarra Junction to approximately 700 feet at Powelltown.
Leaving Yarra Junction, the line turned south and followed the
Powelltown road for about half a mile. From then on it was fenced
as it followed the river, making its way through thick scrub and then
past second growth timber on neighbouring hills. At several points old
horse tramways with hardwood rails could be seen going off to old mill
sites. Having crossed swampy country, which possibly gave Black Sands
its name, the line came to a series of timber bridges after which Three
Bridges was called. From Guilderoy, the next township, to Powelltown,
the country was thickly timbered.
The line actually continued beyond Powelltown, but for the haulage
of timber only, and the quality of the track deteriorated somewhat. The
route continued along the valley of the Little Yarra River, climbing to
1,000 feet and crossing two or three high-curved trestles before entering

WALK Page Forty-one

Clear a space
of ten feet
around
the fire.

Keep the fire

small.

Be sure it is ex·
tinguished be-
fore you leave.
and smokers • • • make
sure your cigareHe or
match is OUT before
throwing it away.

FORESTS COMMISSION OF VICTORIA

Page Forty-two WALK

Gap Tunnel, which pierced the watershed to the Latrobe River Valley.
About 1,000 feet long, the tunnel was timber-lined throughout. This
section of line from Powelltown had sharp curves and steep grades.
Immediately at the eastern portal of the tunnel was the town of
Nayook West. The line then descended the Latrobe Valley for three
miles. Two and a half miles further on the line turned northwards towards
the junction of Big Creek, where Knott's Mill, served by a 3 ft. 6 ins.
gauge tramway was situated. The line then followed Big Creek west for
a mile to the foot of the High Lead incline, which was worked by steam
winches, and finally crossed over in the Ada River Valley and came to
Ada No. 2 Mill.
There was no system of safe working on the line. The Company
generally relied on the "one engine in steam" method; this meant that
only one engine was used on the line at one time. No serious accidents
were recorded, so the system seems to have been quite satisfactory.
Passenger traffic was normally handled by the single composite car,
which had been built of hardwood at the Company's workshops at
Powelltown. It was painted red-brown, had seats for twenty people, and
was the only bogie vehicle on the line. The guard, who carried out all
the duties connected with running the train, collected the fares; only
single tickets were issued, the through fare being 1/ld. and the inter-
mediate fares proportionately less.
The normal rolling stock did not usually work beyond Powelltown,
as carriage of logs or sawn timber over the extension was done by timber
bogies working in pairs; their wheels had specially wide treads and
deep flanges for running on hardwood rails. When hauled to Yarra Junc-
tion these bogies were, as a precaution, marshalled behind the regular
vehicles as they sometimes became detached en route.
Nearly all the locomotives on the line had names such as Little Yarra,
Powellite and Coffee Pot. Perhaps the most interesting were two identical
geared engines which were built in 1912 at Lima, Ohio, U.S.A., by the
Lima Locomotive Company to the Shay patent. These locomotives were
fitted with huge diamond smokestacks which muffied their sharp exhaust
and made them sound more like washing machines than railway engines.
Painted green with brass fittings, they were logically called Shay. They
were suitable for rough logging tramways and, like all locomotives on
the line, burned wood in four feet lengths.
Powe11ite and Little Yarra took turn about on Yarra Junction-Powell-
town section, while the "Shays" worked the heavily graded section be-
tween Powelltown and the mill inclines. Coffee Pot was used in the bush
between the mill inclines. It is interesting to note that when the Yarra
Junction doctor was wanted anywhere between Powelltown and Yarra
Junction, a locomotive was sent out from Powelltown. When it reached
the top of the hill near Yarra Junction, the driver blew the whistle and
the doctor knew he was wanted, and would go to the railway yard to
travel back to where he was needed.
Towards the end of the war, business decreased and passenger
patronage slackened. Accordingly the passenger service was withdrawn,
and the last passenger train ran on September 2, 1942. The line ceased
operating altogether in August 1944.

(This article and the map have been reprinted from the Victorian Railways
Newsletter, by permission of the author.)

WALK Page Forty-three

 MOUNTAIN MUSTER
Of course everyone read of the terrible FIRES that occurred in the
vicinity of Tarli Karng just before Easter this year. Something which
upset us a little was the report that said that not much damage had
been done. Presumably this referred specifically to rnillable timber! We
shudder a little to think of the choking undergrowth that will now
result in popular walking areas.

We were very pleased to read a newspaper report that something

has at last been done to preserve the MALLEE FOWL from extinction.
Approval has been given for the establishment of a 15,000-acre wildlife
reserve in the parish of Wathe, near Gama. While this has been reserved
primarily for the benefit of the Mallee Fowl other species of wildlife
will also benefit.
THOSE LITTLE WHITE GRUBS that have been floating in the
water at Macallister Springs have been identified as Nematodes. These
are intestinal worms and have been provided by the cattle around the
area. It is wise to boil your water because even if you think you have
not got any of the grubs, you may have collected some of the eggs.

Hundreds of snow poles have been erected on THE BOGONG

HIGH PLAINS lately which should considerably help those who have
taken to ski touring as an extension of walking. The Plains are noted
for the swiftness with which a mist can descend, so this move is one
that will be much appreciated-both winter and summer.
We hope that the P.M.G. will think again before they install a row
of hideous pylons on WILSON'S PROMONTORY. The aim is to take
power to their relay station which now uses diesel oil. In England they
wanted to do a similar thing in the Lakes District but there was such
a public outcry that they were obliged to put the channels underground,
even though it was at greater cost.
The University Mountaineering Club reports Ropers Hut in the
BOGONG AREA to be in bad condition. Bivouac and Summit Huts,
however, are in fair shape. The latter is reckoned as emergency shelter
only, and for both these water is a problem.

We are also indebted to the M.U.M.C. for the information that

WINTER VISITORS TO MT. FAINTER need the written permission
of the S.E.C. to stay overnight. Vehicles can be left at Big Hill lookout
and from there it is an easy walk by jeep track to Spring Saddle. Care
must be taken to locate the cattle track leading off the jeep track,
200 yards beyond the stockyard before climbing over Bald Hill to
Bogong Jacks.

Page Forty-four WALK

 It came as a surprise to many to find that a new Chalet had been
built on the MT. BUFFALO PLATEAU. This alienation of National Park
land was done with the minimum of fuss and was a fact almost before
it could be challenged. Now we hear that there will be a lake con-
structed, Hooding a delightful little valley, and this not four miles from
the already existing Lake Catani. Our National Parks are limited enough
in area without further reducing them!

According to talk in Mt. Beauty in January, plans are being made

to run a CHAIR LIFT UP MT. BOGONG to a Chalet on the top.

During the year the Federation welcomed a new club to its ranks,
the MONASH BUSHWALKING CLUB. We hope they will bring as
enthusiastic approach to walking as their University has to the life of
Melbourne. We also heard of a new club in a country town and are
pleased to welcome the Moe Youth Club Bushwalkers to the fraternity.

The ALPINE CLUB OF NEW ZEALAND is again running its

instruction course for Australians when all aspects of alpine climbing are
taught. This time it will be in the December-January holiday period
and held in Crow Valley, near Christchurch. These are held every year
and are a good idea for those who are planning to do some climbing on
an N.Z. holiday.

Visitors to SOUTH-WEST TASMANIA should note the existence of

a new track which by-passes Mt. Picton. A report from the Hobart Walk-
ing Club indicates that walkers are not entirely happy with the new
track but do consider that it provides a means of entry and exit to the
South-West in all weather - provided that the Cracroft River can be
crossed-and is much safer than going over Mt. Picton. More information
can be obtained from that club.

There is a rumour abroad that there will be a road (or jeep track)
over MT. SPECULATION into the Wonnanngatta Valley in the very
near future. We are thinking of staking a claim in one of the mountains
of the moon. What are you going to do?

More news for South-West Tasmanian walkers, this time for

FEDERATION PEAK CLIMBERS. The Hobart Club report that the
climbing gully is dangerous in the upper section because of loose rubble.
The top chockstone has gone and it is now necessary to traverse to the
left instead of going straight up and over where the chockstone used to
be. Great care should be taken not to dislodge rocks.

The Royalauto of May this year reported the HATTAH LAKES

as being completely dried up. The only way the Lakes can be replenished
is for the Murray River to Hood its banks which only happens every
six or seven years. So those proposing to visit the National Park should
delay their visit until there is a report that they have filled again. All
the bird life has departed and will not return until that happens.

WALK Page Forty-five

 CROSSING THE JORDAN
IN SEARCH OF THE THOMSON
- J. Skurrie
Someone suggested to the Walks sub-committee - "How about
crossing the Jordan River?" and that was how we found ourselves miles
away from civilization one long week-end in February.
During a long van journey through the night we passed through
Noojee, took the Loch Valley Road for several miles then turned off
this at the Upper Thomson Road. In about two miles there was a road
fork, one branch let to Stronach's Mill-we took the other. After leaving
the van we walked along this road for about an hour and a half, looking
for the "elusive" good supply of water, and finally camping in small
groups on the side of the road. In the morning we discovered that frogs
do not croak in dry country and proceeded to relieve them of their
water supply in order to assist our thirsty bushwalkers.
At about nine we started along the road. There were many forks but
we kept along the ridge in a north-east direction as we were heading
for Basalt Hill. All went well until we made a fatal mistake and found
ourselves heading drastically downhill in a south-easterly direction. After
some distance conditions were such that we decided not to return
although when the road finally petered out above the Whitelaws Creek
West Branch we could see over to Basalt Hill. Although the scrub
around this area was very thick, we regrettably decided to head down
to the creek and continue along this in the general direction of the
Thomson River. Then the Rot started - near the creek we struck some
really dense and practically impenetrable scrub, so we temporarily gave
up and stopped for a well-earned, much-needed lunch hour.
During the afternoon progress was very slow - we travelled approxi-
mately one mile every two hours. The undergrowth was so thick that at
times it was doubtful what was ground and what was undergrowth.
Several members of the party had rather unnerving experiences when
the seemingly secure ground that they were walking on suddenly
collapsed and they found themselves dropping two to three feet to the
ground below. Several tributaries were crossed by means of trees which
had conveniently fallen across, making negotiable bridges - we were
glad that they were dry as wet logs can be very slippery. After a few
hours of this some of us decided to take to the creek bed, whilst others
took to the higher ground. By this time we reckoned our branch had
joined the main Whitelaws Creek.
The creek party found progress slightly quicker, although several
members became rather wet when they lost their footing and took an
unscheduled bath. This was a doubtful pleasure as at this time of the
year the water in the creeks in the higher mountain regions is rather
on the chilly side. The ridge partly reported rapid progress in the
slightly clearer areas but this was hampered somewhat by their having
to negotiate the numerous watercourses. By six when light was fading
there were three parties - two in the creek and one on the ridge and
despite the lack of walkie-talkie sets, everyone got the message to bivouac
for the night.

Page Forty-six WALK

 I was in the first creek party when the message came through for
us to halt. We climbed up to the western bank to look for a campsite
and rather to our dismay we found that the area was of the same
type as we had been negotiating with such difficulty earlier in the
afternoon. By stamping around we were able to trample out sufficient
space for a groundsheet and sleeping bag. Bracken made the bed a
little softer and the proximity of tree ferns allowed us to drape the
tents over us in a somewhat unusual fashion. Due to the density of
the foliage we were unable to light cooking fires at our campsite. The
primus-stoves-owners were lucky, the others had to scramble back down
to the river and light their fires on the rocks in mid-stream or on the
opposite bank. My fire was lit on the rocks in such a position that a
small trickle from the creek came directly under the centre piece of
wood - the first campsite I have experienced with running water laid
on, but nevertheless the cooking was rather hampered by the restricted
area. By this time it was pitch black so finding the route back to the
bedding was quite an effort as we climbed under, over and through the
undergrowth with a pack and full waterbag. After a mosquito-infested
night we awoke in the morning to see bodies floating around everywhere
and equipment scattered through the undergrowth, but things were
remarkably snug on the whole and it had fortunately been a fine night.
Soon after breakfast the third party joined us reporting a com-
fortable night and we headed off to find the remainder. In about a
quarter of an hour we came upon the rest who had spent their night
in clearer terrain, but on a very steep slope, so that they had to dig
out a flat space to stop slipping down the side of the hill. They had been
unable to light fires due to the dry (some people have all the luck)
timber in their area. Their water supply was two hundred yards down
the slope. Only Athol had been unhappy. As an exponent of the art of
dividing the burden, he and his brother had shared the food carrying
and, of course, brother was in another party! Each apparently preferred
to eat what the other had. Also, Athol had the stove, Geoff had the
spirit!
After a short rest the whole party continued along the eastern side
of the creek, but up on the ridge. The going was rather better and by
10.30 a.m. we had arrived at the junction of Whitelaws Creek and the
Thomson River. There was great rejoicing - we estimated it had taken
us about 10 hours to cover four miles. The spirits of the party rose upon
the sight of a semblance of a track, which was followed along the
river in an east-north-easterly direction. In parts it was overgrown and
difficult to follow, but at least it was fairly Hat. For lunch there was a
small clearing where the bank flattened out and the river widened, then
we continued on to Swinglers, which is a beautiful, cleared grassy area
with the relics of some old forsaken shanty, evidently belonging to a
long-gone pioneer family and signs of civilization in the presence of
one or two fruit trees. From Swinglers we continued along the track
in the direction of the junction of the Jordan and Thomson Rivers. Here
at the junction a consultation took place and due to the fact that we
were so far behind schedule it was decided to forsake our original plan
of following up the Jordan. Instead, we continued south down the
Thomson, past slag heaps and washed faces until we were forced most
heartlessly by the cruel leader to walk across the river, getting ankles
as well as feet wet. Camp was in a clear area just at the crossing and
the start of the marked track to Aberfeldy.

WALK Page Forty-seven

 Three or four of the party were despatched early the next morning
before the main party were unbagged, to bring the van to a more con-
venient pick-up point. The rest of the party followed up the 2,000 foot climb
to Aberfeldy. The track was very well marked in most places and kept
on the spur and by 10.30 o'clock all had arrived at the top of the track.
The weather had been very clear for the whole trip and Monday was no
exception, so from the township of Aberfeldy we could see a spectacular
panorama of the Mt. Useful Range to the south-east. After a short break
for a much appreciated glass of fresh milk from a nearby farm, we
headed north in the direction of Matlock. In about half a mile a slight
detour took us to Mt. Lookout. This is indicated by a cairn of stones
built on top of the hill and from here are excellent all-round views with
the Baw Baw Plateau and Mt. Erica to the west.
Back on the Matlock road the party in its varying "speed groups"
walked six hot and dusty miles to the van pick-up point. From there it
was van bumping through Matlock on to Marysville with a diversion in
the form of a brief halt to watch a pair of frightened snakes climbing a
steep roadside bank; it was hard to tell who was the more scared -
the walking party or the snakes!

THE mOMSON REVISITED

*
- V. Goldsmith
As we had been thwarted in our first attempt to visit the Jordan and
Jericho, a small party returned for another try the next summer. This
time we made straight for Aberfeldy, having left one vehicle at Matlock
to facilitate return transport.
We were surprised to find that the once-pleasant track down to the
Thomson River had now become a rather unpleasant jeep track, steep
and full of large stones. It certainly required care - one of the girls
fell heavily. This track led straight to the river and continued on the
other side. When it began to climb, we continued along the contour,
parallel to the river. Somehow like this we successfully avoided the
mine workings which had caused us some puddling around last year.
Our destination was Swinglers for an early camp - this was delightful.
Next morning we retraced our steps but closer to the river this time,
found the junction of the Jordan River with the Thomson and waded
across to the west bank of the Jordan. In the undergrowth nearby there
is an old hut, and nearer the river an old boiler in a stone building.
Many vague tracks lead in all directions but try as we did we could
not hit on the one which would have led us easily along the Jordan
River. Later we learnt that our fault had been to stick too closely to
the river - we should have climbed up the slopes behind the hut.
Our progress was slow along the side of the river, fortunately the
undergrowth was not nearly so thick as had been met last year. Some-
times we followed animal tracks, sometimes old mining watercourses.
At last we decided to take to the river which was low with many sandy
and pebbly beaches. It was beautiful weather and nobody minded this
change of plan. Also there was plenty of time to cope with the number
of extra miles entailed in this winding route. It was good fun trying

Page Forty-eight WALK

 Jordan River
A. Whyte

to line up with the map the particular curve of the river that had been
reached and pleasing when one's guesses appeared to be correct, as
proven by the correct siting of Violet Town. Shortly after this, while
sitting waiting for the slow coaches to catch up, Clive noticed what
appeared to be a cutting in the steep west bank. On further investigation
it proved to be a broad, clear coach track stretching both fore and aft!
We wondered how long we had been walking with that for company.
It was a lucky find - that was about the only place where it was
visible from the river.
Progress now was much faster; the track was well contoured. It
passed through some diggings and was joined by a track from the east,
probably the one which leaves the Matlock Road two miles north of
Aberfeldy. Soon we could see a clearing on the other side of the river
with a few of chimneys but there was a sea of blackberries between.
These served to modify our ideas of finding a suitable camp spot at
Red Jacket. As it was getting rather late by this we settled for the first
reasonably flat spot which did not seem to be covered by blackberries,
and made camp there. We were then about a mile from Jericho.
When we did reach Jericho next morning we were rather glad we
had stopped short of it the previous night. The delightful spot we had
read about proved to be devoid of grass and surrounded by notices of
the "Do Not" variety. The climb back to the Matlock Road was long
but well graded, and each took it at his own pace, pleased that he had
at least "crossed the Jordan", but feeling rather that he had left behind
his "Promised Land".

WALK Page Forty-nine

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Page Fifty W A LK
 WALKS

SECTION

TWO DAYS
WANDONG-SUNDAY CREEK-MT. DISAPPOINTMENT-
SUGARLOAF HILL-WHITTLESEA
Distance: 24 miles.
Transport: Train to Wandong; bus from Whittlesea to Regent, train to
the city. N.B.-The last bus from Whittlesea leaves at 5.20 p.m.
on Sundays.
Features: Much of this walk is along little-used forestry roads in open
forest country.
First day: Wandong-Sunday Creek-Hazel Creek 12 miles.
From Wandong railway station cross the line and follow the road
beside it south to the second turn to the left past it. Follow this past
some cross-roads until it turns south to cross a creek by a ford. Turn left
into the road that meets it here and continue in an east to south-east
direction along Dry Creek Rd. Where the road forks go left and in
4 miles from the station come to White Elephant Gap (map reference
115900). At the fork here again take the left and shortly afterwards the
right track and continue along Drag Hill Rd. (N.N.E.). In 2 miles from
White Elephant Gap it meets another road a very short distance from
Sunday Creek where there is a good flow of water and good camp spots
(135927). Turn right into this road for a short distance, then left (E.)
into the next road and cross Sunday Creek by a bridge. Continue east
to the next fork (141925) then take the right branch (S. to S.E.) for
li miles to the point 163916, where there is a track to the right heading
down the spur (S.W.). Continue down this to a junction of a tributary
with Westcott Creek. This is a good campsite. Cross the creek and join

WALK Page Fifty-one

the road at a fork (151908). Take the right track up Escreets Spur (S.)
and follow along this, ignoring right branches of the road, for 2 miles
to a reservoir at the junction of four tracks (145872), passing a well at
the point 148889. Turn left along the eastern road for about 200 yards
then turn right into a track which leads south to south-east in the
general direction of the Mt. Disappointment Road until it meets this road
at approximately 152863 after making a distinct right turn. Continue
along this road to about 154855, where a good track will be met which
leads to Hazel Creek. This is an excellent camp spot.
Second day: Mt. Disappointment-Sugarloaf Hill-Whittle sea. 12 miles.
Cross the creek and head in an easterly direction up to the ridge
then follow it south to Mt. Disappointment trig point. Take a westerly
course from the top to meet the road from Blairs Hut which now
extends further than shown on the map. At the end take another track
which heads west. When this begins to turn towards the south leave it
and continue generally west through thick scrub to meet a road at
about 144834. Follow this road down to Sugarloaf Hill which can be
climbed by a detour from the road. Continue to follow this road to
a junction, tum right and continue for about l mile to another junction.
Turn left and follow this for about 1 mile to a T junction with Bruces
Creek Road. Turn left into this and follow this, a well-formed road,
for 4! miles into Whittlesea.
MAP REFERENCE:
Xinglake Military, 1:50,000.
NOTES COMPILED:
February, 1964.
J.S.

*
(Continued from opposite page)

Camp Rd. From this turn right into Camp Rd., cross a creek to meet
Sandersons Rd. Turn right into this and in ! mile cross another creek.
~ mile beyond this pick up a spur leading south to Mt. Cole, crossing
Mt. Cole Rd. on its way. At first the spur is flat and broad but in l mile
it becomes steeper and rocky and the route leads up along steep rocky
knobs to the summit. Unfortunately there is no view from here due to
timber. Retrace steps down the same spur for about ! mile then take
a course due west to Dairy Maid Rd. Follow this to Creek Rd., tum
left into this and follow it to Tree Waterfalls Rd. Turn north into this
and in 2 miles arrive back at the Fern Tree Waterfalls Reserve and
the transport.
MAP REFERENCES:
Mt. Cole Forest, F.C.V., 2 inches to 1 mile.
NOTES COMPILED:
March, 1964.
P.v.d.D.

Page Fifty-two WALK

THREE EASY DAYS
MT. COLE STATE FOREST
Distance: 21 miles.
Transport: Private, this is a round trip.
Suitable season: Spring, summer and autumn.
Water: Water is abundant off the main ridges.
Features: Magnificent timber and fern gullies. Plenty of wildflowers even
in March. Wildlife also plentiful-kangaroos, echidnas, birds and
deer were sighted. Good views.
To reach starting point:
Proceed to the Fern Tree Waterfalls Reserve in the south of the
area by way of Beaufort and a signposted turn-off from the Western
Highway some 7 miles beyond. Camp can be made in the reserve about
! mile from the Falls, water is 30 yards east under the bridge.
First day: Fern Tree-Mt. Buangor-Victoria Mill Reserve. 6 miles.
Follow the road to the first Falls and cross these. Sidle up the
steep side of a spur running north-east until reaching an old bullock
track in about 10 to 15 minutes. Follow this (north and then north-west)
until it crosses back over Middle Creek, then leave it and continue north
to Freeman's Rd. which should be reached in a few minutes. (N.B.-The
map is inaccurate in this section as it shows a track linking the Falls
with Freeman's Rd.). Follow Freeman's Rd. west, south then north to
Mugwamp Rd. then turn left into this. About ! mile after this point
take a track to the west and climb Mt. Buangor by the main ridge. Leave
the summit by a spur in the west-north-west direction and head towards
the Ararat Reservoir. There is a good view of Langi Chiran from part
way down this spur. Pick up a jeep track in the north-west direction
and follow this to Reservoir Rd. and the reservoir (this was dry in March
1964 but full in January 1964). Follow Reservoir Rd. back to Sapling
Bridge then on through to the Victoria Mill Reserve to camp.
Second day: Lookout Hill-Long Gully 6 miles.
Follow the road out of the reserve to meet Mt. Cole Road which is
followed south-east for a short distance to an easterly turn-off. Follow
this east then south-east to Harvey's Flat Rd. At about this junction
take a spur to the south and climb Lookout Hill. From the hill follow
the power lines north-east, then along Divide Rd. to Glut Rd. Turn right
into Glut Rd. and continue south-west along it until it crosses a gully
and swings south-east. A short distance along this a jeep track climbs
steeply west and leads to Long Gully. Follow this across Long Gully
and as it turns south-east. Do not turn right into Long Gully Rd. but keep
on until this track crosses a creek and comes to a track junction (four
tracks). Turn to the left to reach a good campsite near the end of
the track.
Third day: Mt. Cole-Fern Tree Reserve. 9 miles.
Return to the track junction and continue on south-east down
Sugarloaf Rd. to Mt. Cole Rd. Just before this there is a jeep track
which runs parallel with Mt. Cole Rd. so follow this to the Link to

WALK Page Fifty-three

 COME

OUTDOORS

WITH THE

YOUTH

HOSTELS

Association

161 Flinders Lane

63 3754

* *
HOSTELLING

BUSHWALKING

CANOEING

WATERSKI -ING

SURFING

SKI-ING

HORSE RIDING

Page Fifty-fou r WALK

DAY WALKS
KALLISTA-OLINDA FOREST-FALLS-OLINDA
Distance: 10 miles.
Transport: Train to Belgrave, bus to Kallista; bus from Olinda, train from
Upper Ferntree Gully.
Suitable season: Any, but in winter and spring there is likely to be a
good flow over the Falls.
Water: Plenty of water in all creeks seen, although some side creeks
marked on the map are not evident.
Features: This is a pleasant walk with only a few steep climbs. A large
part of the forest has been damaged by fire but there are still
plenty of trees, especially in the northern part around the Falls.
At the beginning and end of the walk good views of the Silvan
Res. and surrounding hills. Lovely azaleas and rhododendrons seen
at both ends of the walk, mainly in nurseries.
Description of the route:
Walk l mile north from Kallista P.O. to road junction and take
left fork to Sassafras and Olinda. Follow short cut on left through picnic
ground at Beagleys Bridge, and cross Sassafras Creek by footbridge.
Leave main road and follow Perrins Creek Road north for 1i miles
parallel to Perrins Creek. Leave the road where it turns sharply left and
crosses the creek (just past Williams Nurseries on the left). Track running
east to Coonara Road (shown on Broadbents map) is hard to find as
trees have been cleared for logging. Keeping east, climb to the top of the
hill and follow track along a fence on the south side of a nursery to
Coonara Road (about ! mile from Perrins Creek Road). Almost opposite
but slightly to the north, follow a second road to the east, ending in a
nursery car park. Continue east along the nursery fence to Chalet Road
(!- mile from Coonara Road). The school plantation marked on the F.C.V.
map at this corner no longer exists, probably due to the fires of some
years ago. For the same reason firebreaks in the area are hardly re-
cognizable as such, and several huts have disappeared.
Now following the F.C.V. map, enter the Olinda State Forest at this
point, marked by two sheds (four shown on the map). Follow the track
to the north through bracken and steeply down hill for nearly !- mile to
a cross track. Take the left track which soon swings right and divides.
Take the less-used right fork leading down towards a creek in Lyre Bird
Gully and continue north. In i mile from the fork cross a small creek
(also bridge over the main creek here and a track leading east). Continue
!- mile parallel to the creek to the junction of four tracks where there is
an overgrown burnt chimney. Take the fork leading north-east for !- mile
to where the track crosses the creek. Do not cross this but turn north-west
and climb an overgrown track cut out of the hillside for about 400 yards
to the junction of tracks to the north and the west. Follow the track to
the west past a track leading to the north-east then one leading to the
south. Continue on as the track swings sharply to the right (N.) and
reaches a fork. Take the left-hand track across the creek and follow this
until it is met by another from the south-west. Continue in a north to
north-east direction for about a mile ignoring other side tracks until
reaching Olinda Creek Road.

WALK Page Fifty.five

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• You buy quality and service at Wagners every time.

• Wagner's camera repair service excels all others.

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43 ELIZABETH STREET, CITY - 62 3114
Also at Chadstone

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Page Fifty-six WALK

 Follow this road west for i mile past a bridge and a road heading
north-west to Kalorarna. Continue for about 400 yards to where the road
crosses the creek and follow a steep track on the north side of the creek
to the Olinda Falls. Continue along the track for l mile to Falls Road.
Turn south along this and in 1! miles reach Coonara Road. Turn right
into this to reach Olinda.
MAP REFERENCES:
Dandenong-Broadbents, No. 192.
Olinda-Parishes of Mooroolbark and Monbulk
243A, F.C.V., 10 chains to 1 inch.
Monbulk Military, 1:50,000.
NOTES COMPILED:
October, 1963.
S.J.E.

*
MT. HICKEY-STRATH CREEK
Distance: 11 miles.
Transport: Private.
Features: A very pleasant walk which gives a good contrast between
bush with fine timber and open ridges with distant views.
Description of the route:
Take transport up Hurne Highway through Broadford to turn-off to
the right (E.) at map reference 115197. Continue along this road to the
sawmill at 154160. There is a good view over Broadford and towards
Mt. Piper from this point. Leave the transport here and pick up a track
on the north side of the road which more-or-less runs parallel with the
road. Cross "Burton's Bridge" just past the darn at 165147, swing north
to 170149, then east to cut the road at 175148. From this point climb
Mt. Hickey up a southern spur, firstly through a narrow belt of bracken,
then through fairly open timber. Water for lunch is available from the
tank associated with the fire watch tower.
Walk down the road to 189140 where a somewhat overgrown track
leads off to the right (E.) and follow this in a general south-east direc-
tion until it joins an unfenced fourth-class road (Horan's Track) at about
203131. Turn south into this for about 100 yards, then turn into a track
leading west. This joins a track leading south which stops abruptly at
a creek, so from this point go west through timber (open after the first
50 yards) to another south-running track on the next ridge which leads
to Stony Creek at the point 185119. In November there was water in
the creek.
From this point cross the creek and follow the open ridge which
runs in a south-east direction. It crosses Horan's Track at about 200097
and joins McNalley's Road to the east of the farm (222076). From here
follow the roads to Strath Creek and pick up the transport.
MAP REFERENCES:
Tallarook, Military, 1 inch to 1 mile.
NOTES COMPILED:
November, 1963.
D.M.H.

WALK Page Fifty-seven

 LIKE
TO
HIKE?
••••••••••••••••••
Special tickets enable
hikers to leave Melbourne
on one line, walk across
country to join a return
train on another line.

FULL PARTICULARS AVAILABLE AT:

The Victorian Government Tourist Bureau
272 Collins St., Melbourne. (63 0202) or
Chief Commerical Manager, Railway Offices
Spencer Street (62 0311 ext. 1346)

Page Fifty-eight WAlK

 SHELLY BEACH-PORTSEA-KOONYA BEACH
Distance: 11 miles.
Transport: Public can be used but on Sundays it does not arrive at Sorrento
until 1 p.m.
Suitable Season: Any, but in summer the walk can be combined with
swimming.
Water: This should be carried
Features: This walk combines the calm of the waters of the Bay with the
restlessness of the ocean and also passes through some of the rapidly-
diminishing foreshore area.
Description of the route:
Leave the transport near the 58-mile post on the Nepean Highway
between Sorrento and Portsea. Look for a small parking area on the
beach side of the road and follow a track through this down to the
beach. Walk in a westerly direction along the beach for about l mile
then follow a track up the cliff and along this for i mile to the rear
of the Lord Mayor's Holiday Camp. There are several good views to
be seen along this part of the track. Scramble down the cliff near gun
emplacements to the beach again and walk past Portsea Jetty to Fisher-
man's Beach.
Take track up and across the Highway and walk back along it to
the unmade road just before the Nepean Hotel. Follow this road up,
turn left and where it ends go through a gate, across a paddock and
in less than ! mile through a second gate to a track on the western side
of Franklin St. Follow this track for H miles to the ocean beach. Follow
this beach in a south-easterly direction for about ll miles to the Sorrento
Ocean Beach. Climb the cliff just past the car park and pick up the
main track leading around the cliffs to Jubilee Point and Diamond Bay.
Where the track turns inland, keep right over the sand dunes to Koonya
Beach. About half-way along this beach tum into Hughes Road and follow
this for about a mile back to the Highway.
MAP REFERENCE:
Sorrento & Portsea-Broadbents, No. 241J,
NOTES COMPILED:
February, 1964.
R. O'D.

*
KILMORE EAST-DRY CREEK-MILL RANGE ROAD-WALLAN
Distance: 15 miles.
Transport: Train to Kilmore East, return from Wallan.
Description of the route:
On leaving station walk across grass to road opposite hotel. Tum
left, south-east, down this road which soon becomes a shady avenue,
keeping the railway line on the left for almost 3 miles. At this distance
the road leaves the timber cover to enter open country, and, as the road
dips to cross a deep gully, a level crossing will be seen a further ! mile
ahead. Cross the rail tracks at the level crossing and the vertical rock
face of the scarp immediately above Dry Creek will come into view.
Suitable lunch spots should be found by the creek, between the road
and the steep hill slopes.

WALK Page Fifty-nine

 MINIATURE CAMERA HOUSE
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for good food and good food ideas hot.

Page Sixty
 Continue east along road to pass the Agricultural Dept.'s demonstra-
tion plot of native pastures on the left, shortly coming to a main north-
south road. Turn right (S.) along the main road for ~ mile to a road
cutting. Opposite the cutting there is a road junction with a house on
the north-east corner. Climb steeply up this road, following a high ridge
giving views overlooking the township of Wandong to the south, and
further on, Mt. Tallarook, seen north beyond the wide valley of Sunday
Creek. About 2 miles from the main road the ridge track leaves the
picturesque farmlands and enters timbered country, and presently an
old tin hut will be seen a little way through the trees on the right. (An
alternative lunch site-water from dam just below left of road.)

From hut go uphill through trees and regain road in 1 mile. In a

further 2 miles the road commences to swing to the north and joins the
Monument Hill track. Here tum right (S.E.), and in ~ mile come to the
signposted junction of the Drag Hill and Sheil Roads. Tum right (S.)
along the latter road for 1 mile to meet the Mt. Disappointment Rd.
Turn left (E.) for i mile to reach the Kilmore Reservoir. Just inside the
fence are old foundations of all that remains of the forestry hut.

Directly opposite the reservoir the Mill Range Rd. commences; there
is a pine plantation on the south-west corner. Soon passing a F.C.V.
camp, the road descends southwards down a long spur, but in 2~ miles
loops for a short distance to the north crossing a gully. The road then
swings to the south-east. At this point, by the boundary of the State
Forest Reserve, look for wheel tracks descending from the right (W.) of
the road. (If this tum-off is missed, 100 yards further on the Bruce's
Creek Road will come into open view below in the south-east.) The track
drops steeply into a gully and in 1 mile joins the Dry Creek Rd. A short
section of this connecting road passes through private property so per-
mission should be sought at the farmhouse before going on. This Dry
Creek is a headwater of the Plenty River and has no connection with
the previously-mentioned stream which is north of the Great Divide and
flows into the Goulbum system. A good mile further leads out to the
Whittlesea Road which is followed west for 2 miles, where, after passing
Cleeve's Hill on the right, a north-south road is met. Turn left (S.) for
1 mile then west for 1 mile along road crossing flats to Wallan station.
MAP REFERENCE:
Lancefield, Military, 1:63,360
(i.e., 1 inch to 1 mile).
Kinglake, Military, 1:50,000.
NOTES COMPILED:
June, 1964.
A.S.

*
An examination question to student teachers: "What is one enemy
of the conservation of natural resources in Australia?" An answer: "Ferrets
-there are so many of them escaping that if we aren't careful they will
kill off all the rabbits." (We won't embarrass the Teachers' College by
naming it.)

WALK Page Sixty-one

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Page Sixty-two WALK

 SOME FIRST AID HINTS
- Helen White
We suggest that you cut these sheets from your maga:dne and
leave them in your rucksack with your first aid kit to be ready
for any emergency.

Every bushwalker should have a thorough, practical knowledge of

first aid so that he can act quickly and efficiently in an emergency.

IMPORTANT POINTS: Keep calm and treat the most serious con-
ditions first in the following order:
1. Failure of breathing.
2. Severe bleeding.
3. Shock.
Reassure the victim and other people present and decide on the best way
to get medical aid.

SUGGESTED CONTENTS FOR A FIRST AID KIT:

Antiseptic cream
Aspirin or "Codiphen" tablets.
"Bandaids"
"Elastoplast"
Glucose tablets or barley sugar
Needles, safety pins, scissors.
"Nivea" Cream.
For snakebite: Clean razorblade or knife.
Rubber gas tubing or rope.
Small sheet of plastic.
The following should also be carried in the party:
2 elastic roller bandages.
2 triangular bandages.
Sterile dressings.
Sodium bicarbonate.

BLISTERS:
As one who has suffered, I know that prevention is better than cure.
When buying boots, make sure they fit well with two pairs of socks.
If you have tender skin, break the boots in by these methods.
1. Wear them around for a week or so before a walk.
2. A more drastic treatment-stand in a bucket of water with your
boots on until the leather is soft. Then wear them around until they
are dry.
3. Bathe your feet with methylated spirit several times a day for
a few days before a walk.
If, after all this you still get a blister, stick on a generous strip of
"elastoplast". Don't sticl:: on anything like a "band-aid" because the pad
only increases the pressure. Don't break a blister unless absolutely

WALK Page Sixty-three

necessary, because it may become infected. If the blister bursts, swab
it with methylated spirit (if you have some) to dry and toughen the new
skin. Then stick a piece of "elastoplast" over the tender area. This acts
as a tough "outer skin".
BURNS AND SCALDS:
These often occur around a campfire although they are seldom
serious.
Minor burns: Apply an antiseptic cream, e.g., "Savlon" and cover
with a dry dressing.
Sunburn: This is a self-inflicted injury. Do not expose your untanned
skin to strong sun. Remember, the higher you go, the stronger the ultra-
violet (or burning) rays become. An overcast sky on the Bogong High
Plains is just as potent a "sun-burner" as a clear sky in the Lerderderg
Gorge. Wear a long-sleeved shirt and trousers if there is any risk of your
becoming burnt. "Nivea" cream or any other type of reflective cream
applied to exposed parts such as the neck and forehead will help protect
them. If you suffer a bad case of sunburn, treat it as a burn, and if
someone else is seriously sunburnt, watch for shock.
Serious burns: The two great dangers of a serious burn are infection
and severe shock. Exclude air by covering the burnt area (including burnt
clothing) with a sterile dressing or the cleanest dry linen available. Avoid
touching the burn and do NOT apply lotions of any kind. Treat for
shock (see under SHOCK). If medical aid is not available for several
hours, give the victim SIPS of water containing ! teaspoon salt and a
pinch of sodium bicarbonate to each large mug. This will help to replace
the fluid and salt lost from the burn. If you can get medical aid quickly
do not give the victim anything orally as he may need a general
anaesthetic.
CRAMP:
This is a painful muscular spasm caused by either rapid chilling
during exercise, or dehydration due to, e.g., excessive vomiting.
Treatment: Massage the affected muscle well and kep it warm. If the
cramp is due to fluid loss, give the person water to drink containing
! teaspoon salt to each large mug.
CUTS, SCRATCHES AND GRAZES:
Minor scratches and grazes are discomforts suffered at some time by
everyone who walks. Bathe with clean water and apply a little antiseptic
cream, e.g., "Savlon". These superficial wounds are best left uncovered as
the air will help to dry them.
Deep or extensive cuts: If the cut is clean cover it with a sterile
dressing. If it is contaminated bathe it carefully with clear creek water
or cooled boiled water if available. Never apply strong antiseptics as these
can cause damage to the tissues. Cover the area with a sterile or clean
dressing and bandage to help draw the edges together. If possible rest
the injured part by splinting it, or in the case of an arm, by supporting
it in a sling.
Bleeding: If a cut doesn't stop bleeding within two to three minutes,
put a clean pad directly over it and bandage firmly but not tightly. Raise
the limb. Keep applying more pads over the first one if bleeding con-

Page Silty-four WALK

tinues and press firmly. Treat the victim for shock and obtain medical help.
If fragments of bone, glass, etc., are present, apply a pad around the
wound. It is dangerous for an inexperienced person to use a tourniquet to
stop severe bleeding. However, if a limb is partly or wholly severed, you
will have to use one. Apply it immediately on the upper part of the limb
above the wound. You must loosen it every fifteen minutes and if bleeding
does not stop, continue to retighten it. Send for medical aid.

DISLOCATIONS AND FRACTURES:

Dislocations: These are more likely than fractures to occur on a
walk, the ankle or knee joint being the most readily affected because of
stumbling or falling. Painful swelling occurs due to displacement of a
bone at the joint, making it difficult for the victim to move the limb. Do
not try to return the joint to its normal position, but immobilize it.
Fractures: Signs and symptoms of fractures are painful swelling,
bruising, deformity and loss of normal movement. A bony grating noise
may be heard. These may not all be present. Severe shock could develop
due to concealed bleeding, especially in the case of a fractured thigh.
The treatment of fractures is specialized. However the following
principles can be applied: Lay the victim down and make him comfort-
able. Treat for shock. If there is an open wound or a protruding bone
present carefully cover it with a sterile dressing or the cleanest dry
linen available and treat for bleeding. Support the injured part and
immobilize it in its most comfortable position taking care not to use force.
Give the victim pain-relieving tablets, e.g., "Codiphen" and sips of water
if medical aid is not quickly available, and if internal injuries are not
suspected.
Splints: It is better to avoid using splints as you may cause further
damage. For this reason use a sling in the case of a fractured arm, and
tie both legs together in the case of a fractured lower limb. However, if
you have a long trip to medical aid, splints will be necessary. Make sure
they are firm and well-padded. Saplings, which you can usually obtain
easily, would serve the purpose well. When you tie the lashings around
the splints, e.g., triangular bandage or padded rope, etc., make sure they
are firm but not tight enough to impede circulation.

SPLINTING FRACTURED LIMBS:

Thigh: Splint from the groin to the foot on the inside and from the
armpit to the foot on the outside of the fractured leg. Secure the inner
splint at the ankle and knee and the outside one with lashings around
the chest, hips, above and below the fracture, and at the knees and
ankles so that both legs are tied together.
Lower leg: Use a well-padded splint between the legs from the groin
to the foot. Bandage both legs together around the thighs, knees, ankles
and below and above the break.
Upper arm: Support the arm by bandaging it across the chest with
the fingers touching the opposite shoulder, or by applying a sling. If it is
painful to bend the arm, splint from the armpit to the fingers on the
inside and from the shoulders to the fingers on the outside.
Forearm: Splint from the elbow to the fingers on the front and
back of the forearm and support the limb in a sling.

WALK Page Sixty-five

MOUTH TO MOUTH
RESUSCITATION

Courtesy of
N.S.C.

This is now generally accepted as the most efficient first aid method
of artificial resuscitation. It's effective because it's simple.
How to do it: 1. Immediately clear the mouth of any visible
obstruction, but do not waste any time doing this.
2. Lay the victim flat on his back, tilting his head backwards as
far as possible (to open the breathing passages). Pull the tongue forward
to stop obstruction.
3. Pinch off his nose, seal your lips over his mouth, and blow in
rapidly six times to inflate his lungs. If you are unable to open his mouth,
you can blow into his nose instead.
4. After the first few quick breaths, change the rate to about ten
per minute. After each breath, place you ear to his mouth and listen
for the sound of expiration. His condition should improve within about
ten breaths, i.e., the lips should become pink and you should be able
to feel his pulse. If he hasn't improved in this time it may be due to
a non-visible obstruction. Tum him on to his side and hit him sharply
between the shoulder blades. This should dislodge the obstruction. Then
continue as before.
If the victim still doesn't respond and you cannot feel his pulse, his
heart has probably stopped beating. In this case it would be worthwhile
to attempt EXTERNAL HEART MASSAGE although you risk causing
chest injuries in doing so. The procedure is not as complicated as it
may seem.
Method: 1. Someone else should continue mouth to mouth resuscita-
tion if possible.
2. Place the ball of one of your hands covered by the other hand
on the lower part of the victim's breast bone.
3. Press sharply six times at the rate of one per second, after each
inflation of the lungs (by the mouth to mouth method). Continue until
you can feel the victim's pulse. Then continue with mouth to mouth
resuscitation only until he recovers.

Page Sixty-six WALK

FOOD POISONING:
This is due to eating contaminated food, e.g., cakes, ham, reheated
meat. The signs and symptoms-vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhoea
-can begin four to twenty-four hours after the victim has eaten the food.
If several people have eaten the same food, they may all be affected.
Contaminated water can cause a similar condition.
Treatment: The victim will probably recover quickly. Let him rest
as much as possible and give him fluids to drink, gradually increasing from
sips to larger amounts. If you are faced with possibly contaminated food
on a walk, remember - when in doubt, throw out,

INSECT BITES:
Remove the sting if present with a clean needle and bathe with a
solution of sodium bicarbonate. An insect bite in the mouth could be
dangerous causing swelling and shock. Give the victim a sodium bicar-
bonate solution mouth rinse and seek medical aid.
Leech bites: Apply a lighted match or salt to the leech itself. It will
soon drop off. Don't try to pull one off as this may cause considerable
bleeding from the bite. If possible, clean the bite and bathe it with a
solution of sodium bicarbonate.

SHOCK:
Shock is present in any injury unless it is of a minor nature. It may
vary from a feeling of faintness to general collapse. The signs and symp-
toms of shock are: a weak rapid pulse, cold clammy skin, nausea, a pale
face, and shallow breathing.
Treatment: Lay the victim down and reassure him. If his condition
is serious, have his head lower than his body unless a head or chest injury
is suspected. Place warm clothing UNDER as well as over him, but do
not overheat his body. Loosen any tight clothing at the neck and waist
and allow him to get plenty of fresh air. Give him sips of sweetened tea
or coffee if he is thirsty and if internal injuries are not suspected. Do not
give him any alcohol as this can worsen his condition. If collapse occurs
or slow shallow breathing starts, seek medical aid urgently.
Heat exhaustion: This may occur due to, e.g., a hard, hot climb. Let
the victim rest, and give him glucose tablets or barley sugar to suck, and
sweetened drinks, e.g., egg flips, coffee.

SNAKE BITE:
Treat all snake bites as poisonous.
1. If the bite is on a limb, immediately apply a tourniquet, e.g., rubber
tubing, or a large handkerchief on the heart side of the bite to stop the
venom circulating to the heart. This must be applied on the upper part of
the limb where there is only one bone. Therefore, if the bite is at the
ankle, apply the tourniquet above the knee. It must be tightened until it
hurts. If the bite is on the trunk, neck or face where a tourniquet cannot
be applied, tightly pinch up the skin around the bite to lessen the
spread of the poison.
2. Wipe or wash the bite to clean it of as much poison as possible.

WALK Page Sixty-seven

 3. Cut ! inch down through each puncture using a clean sharp object
such as a razorblade or knife. Make the cuts lengthwise along the limb
to avoid injuring arteries or tendons. Squeeze out the blood from the
cuts to help flush out the poison. If water is scarce, wash out the
cuts with urine. If a piece of plastic is available place it it over the
wound and suck out the poison. Only as a last resort and if your mouth is
healthy, suck the bite without any protective covering. If you do, take
care to spit the poison out.
4. Send for medical aid.
5. Treat the victim for shock, and take great care to reassure him
as his fear may worsen his condition. Give him sweetened tea or coffee
if available, otherwise water as these will help to dilute the poison in
the bloodstream.
6. Release the tourniquet every fifteen minutes for about a minute.
If after three hours, no signs or symptoms of poisoning occur-e.g., rest-
lessness, drowsiness-remove the tourniquet.
7. Apply artificial resuscitation if the victim's breathing deteriorates.
STRAINS AND SPRAINS:
The ankle joint and back muscles are "danger" spots for walkers.
A sprained ankle due to wrenching of the joint, or a strained back muscle
caused by a heavy or ill-fitting pack will produce considerable discomfort
and pain. The injured part may swell and movement may become difficult.
In the case of a sprained ankle or knee, place the limb in a comfort-
able position and strap the joint with a triangular bandage or a large
handkerchief. (With an ankle sprain, bandage over the boot.) Wet the
bandage with cold water and keep it wet.
If a strain occurs in the back, it would be better for the victim to
continue walking (with someone else carrying his pack) unless, of course,
the case is serious. If so, make him comfortable and transport him by
stretcher.
Note: When dealing with a strain or sprain, remember that it may be a
fracture in disguise.
UNCONSCIOUSNESS:
In bushwalking this could occur due to a simple fainting attack,
head injuries, severe shock, exposure, or apparent drowning.
Fainting: Keep the victim lying down until consciousness returns.
Loosen any tight clothing then give him a sweetened drink of tea or
coffee and allow him to rest for a while.
If unconsciousness continues due to, e.g., head injuries, keep the
airway clear and the tongue forward. If possible lay the person on his
back and turn his head and shoulders to the side. Do not leave him
alone and do NOT try to give him anything to drink. Treat any head
wounds and, if his breathing stops, apply artificial resuscitation.

If you want any more details on first aid such as fractures, spinal
injuries, serious bleeding, you can obtain, for six shillings, the St. John
Ambulance manual which will give you an excellent coverage.

Good walking!

Page Sixty-eight WALK

KODAK INSTAMATIC CAMERAS are so easy to load with the new
drop-in Kodapak Film Cartridges. Before your next trip, see the Kodak
lnstamatic 100 Camera- costs just £6.17.6, complete with built-in
pop-up flash. Takes colour pictures, slides or prints as well as black-
and-white. From Kodak Dealers everywhere! 1:§ ffl fl
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