Experiment No.

:- __04___
AIM :- Design a protection system to protect
system for Reactance type fault only
& plot the characteristics of relay used.

Name of Student : - ___________________________

Roll No. :- __________
Date of Performance :- ___/___/___
Date of Checking :- ___/___/___
 PAGE No. :
EXPERIMENT No. : ____
Aim :- Design a protection system to protect system for
Reactance type fault only & plot the
characteristics of relay used.
Apparatus :- 1) Relay unit (XCG -22) EE make with control 01 no.
panel (including)
Phase shifter 01 no
Dimmerstat 02 no.
Voltmeter (0-110V) AC 01 no.
Ammeter (0 - 2 A) AC 01 no.
2) Rheostat 34 Ω, 6.4 Amps 01 no.

Circuit Diagram
110 V DC
Phase
shifter
+ -
R
440V 3 2
3Ф V2
50 Hz 7
AC
supply Y
V (0-110V)
B
8

N 34ohm, 6.4 A V1
V (0-2A)
A
5

N
6

XCG – 22 EE make Reactance Relay

Theory The reactance relay measures the reactance up the

fault point from the relay location. The relay will operate if the
:-
reactance up-to the fault point is less than set value. This
reactance will not affect the operation of the relay with
directional restraint. The directional unit produces either
positive or negative torque depending upon phase angle
between voltage and the current.

VII EL /SGP / 2021-22 Reactance Relay 2/4 Roll No._______

 PAGE No. :
The directional element is arranged to develop
maximum negative torque when its current lags voltage by
90°.
T = K1 I2 + K2 V I sin θ
When the relay is on the verge of operation, so the net torque
is zero.
:. T = 0 ;
:. K1 I2 = - K2 V I sin θ
:. K1 I = - K2 V sin θ
:. K1 = - K2 (V /I) sin θ
:. K1 = - K2 X
X = (K1 /K2 ) = constant
The operational characteristic will be a straight line
parallel to x-axis. Reactance relay could not use simple
directional ~nit as it would trip under normal load condition at
or near unity power factor & thus over-current relay with
directional restraint is used. This relay is not affected by
resistance & therefore preferred for short transmission line.
This relay is most affected by power swing.

Procedure :- 1) Make the connections as shown in the figure.

2) Ensure that both keys K2 are at the same position.
3) Set the reactance of relay using Kl, K2 & K3.
4) Set the value of current in current coil at 1 A using rheostat.
5) Adjust the position of phase shifter at 90°.
6) Increase the voltage through restraining coil to a suitable
value around 80 to 90 volts.
7) Gradually reduce the voltage till the relay operates. Note
down this voltage.
8) Now change the position of phase shifter by 100 each on
either side of 90° position (i.e. 100°, 110° , . . . & 80°, 70°,
60°, …, . . .).
9) Repeat the steps (6), (7), & ( 8)

VII EL /SGP / 2021-22 Reactance Relay 3/4 Roll No._______

 PAGE No. :
Observation Table
Position of Phase Impeda Reactance Resistance
Sr. I V
Phase angle nce X =Z sinθ R =Z cos θ
No. (A) (V) Shifter θ Z

1) 1 30

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)

7)

8)

Graph :- Plot the graph on R-X diagram of Resistance ‘R’ vs Reactance ‘X’
for different sets of reading.

Result :- Reactance Relay, XCG-22 is used for protection. Reactance relay

operates for fault independent of resistance & operates only if the
measured value is less than the set value.
The characteristic of reactance relay is as shown on the graph
paper.
This characteristic is a straight line approximately parallel to the
x-axis.

VII EL /SGP / 2021-22 Reactance Relay 4/4 Roll No._______