DMLC-2019

Question-01: What do you mean by Stress and Strain. Write down the
types of stresses?
Question-02: What do you mean by Moment of Inertia?

Question-03: What do you mean by a beam. Name different types of

beam and types of loading?
DEFINITION OF A BEAM
A beam is a bar subject to forces or couples that lie in a plane containing the longitudinal of the
bar. According to determinacy, a beam may be determinate or indeterminate.
STATICALLY DETERMINATE BEAMS
Statically determinate beams are those beams in which the reactions of the supports may be
determined by the use of the equations of static equilibrium. The beams shown below are
examples of statically determinate beams.
STATICALLY INDETERMINATE BEAMS
If the number of reactions exerted upon a beam exceeds the number of equations in static
equilibrium, the beam is said to be statically indeterminate. In order to solve the reactions of
the beam, the static equations must be supplemented by equations based upon the elastic
deformations of the beam.
TYPES OF LOADING
Loads applied to the beam may consist of a concentrated load (load applied at a point),
uniform load, uniformly varying load, or an applied couple or moment. These loads are
shown in the following figures.

Question-04: What do you mean by Shear force & bending moment?

Shear force
Shear force at any section of a beam is define as the “Net vertical force or unbalanced vertical
force on either side of the section”. It is the algebric sum of all vertical components on either
left side or right side of the section.
Bending Moment
The moment which tends to bend the beam in plane of load is known as bending moment. In
other word bending moment at any section of a beam is the “Net or unbalanced moment due to
all forces on either side of the section”. It is the algebric sum of moment due to all forces on
either right or left side of the section. The effect of bending moment is to bend the element.

Question-05:
Question-06:
 Question-09: What is foundation.What are the common types of
foundation used in structural work?

Following are different types of foundations used in construction:

1. Shallow foundation
1. Individual footing or isolated footing
2. Combined footing
3. Strip foundation
4. Raft or mat foundation
2. Deep Foundation
0. Pile foundation
1. Drilled Shafts or caissons
Question-10:
Question-11: What do you mean by a) plastic limit of soil b) shrinkage
limit of soil c) density index of soil?
Importance of Roads:
As roads are an important asset, it is necessary to maintain it so that it can run in a
long way. The following are the few importance of roads:
1) Roads are the cheapest and convenient way of transporting goods and people
from one place to another.
2) They are very flexible as compared to the other form of transport. The vehicles
can be stopped anywhere and anytime if needed.
3) Roads play a role of feeders to railways. Without the good roads, railways cannot
collect sufficient produce to make their operation possible.

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