Wordlist for vocabulary section
reside /rɪˈzaɪd/ commuter belt
Unit 26
NOUNS
area /ˈeə.ri.ə/
belief /bɪˈliːf/
benefits /ˈben.ɪfɪts/
commuter /kəˈmjuː.tə/
construction
/kənˈstrʌk.ʃən/
consequences
/ˈkɒn.sɪ.kwənsɪz/
costs /kɒsts/
criminology
/ˌkrɪm.ɪˈnɒl.ə.dʒi/
demolition /ˌdem.əˈlɪʃ.ən/
developer /dɪˈvel.ə.pər/
development
/dɪˈvel.əp.mənt/
downside /ˈdaʊn.saɪd/
environment
/ɪnˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/
environmentalist
/ɪnˌvaɪ.rənˈmen.təl.ɪst/
estate /ɪˈsteɪt/
exhaust /ɪgˈzɔːst/
fumes /fjuːmz/
impact /ˈɪm.pækt/
installation /ˌɪn.stəˈleɪ.ʃən/
metropolis /məˈtrɒp.əl.ɪs/
neighbourhood
/ˈneɪ.bə.hʊd/
outskirts /ˈaʊt.skɜːts/
pollution /pəˈluː.ʃən/
pollutant /pəˈluː.tənt/
psychology /saɪˈkɒl.ə.dʒi/
resident /ˈrez.ɪ.dənt/
residence /ˈrez.ɪ.dəns/
rush hour /ˈrʌʃ.aʊər/
sprawl /sprɔːl/
suburb /ˈsʌb.ɜːb/
surveillance /səˈveɪ.ləns/
system /ˈsɪs.təm/
VERBS
combat /ˈkɒm.bæt/
demolish /dɪˈmɒl.ɪʃ/
develop /dɪˈvel.əp/
explode /ɪkˈspləʊd/
include /ɪnˈkluːd/
install /ɪnˈstɔːl/
pollute /pəˈluːt/
prioritise /praɪˈɒr.ɪ.taɪz/
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fact /fækt/
signify /ˈsɪg.nɪ.faɪ/
sprawl /sprɔːl/
survey /ˈsɜː.veɪ/
ADJECTIVES
accessible /əkˈses.ə.bl/
affluent /ˈæf.lu.ənt/
affordable /əˈfɔː.də.bl/
bike-friendly /baɪk ˈfrend.li/
car-mad /kɑː mæd/
commercial /kəˈmɜː.ʃəl/
convenient /kənˈviː.ni.ənt/
crime-free /kraɪmˈfriː/
cultural /ˈkʌl.tʃər.əl/
demolished /dɪˈmɒl.ɪʃt/
developed /dɪˈvel.əpt/
environmental
/ɪnˌvaɪ.rən.ˈmen.təl/
explosive /ɪkˈspləʊ.sɪv/
gridlocked /ˈɡrɪd.lɒkt/
inclusive /ɪnˈkluː.sɪv/
incredible /ɪnˈkred.ɪ.bl/
integral /ˈɪn.tɪ.grəl/
major /ˈmeɪ.dʒər/
pet-friendly /ˌpetˈfrend.li/
polluted /pəˈluːtɪd/
psychological
/ˌsaɪ.kəlˈɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl/
remote /rɪˈməʊt/
residential /ˌrez.ɪˈden.ʃəl/
rural /ˈrʊə.rəl/
run-down /rʌnˈdaʊn/
significant /sɪgˈnɪf.ɪ.kənt/
sprawling /ˈsprɔː.lɪŋ/
undeveloped
/ˌʌn.dɪˈvel.əpt/
urban /ˈɜː.bən/
vibrant /ˈvaɪ.brənt/
work-mad /wɜːkˈmæd/
ADVERBS
densely /ˈdens.li/
obsessively /əbˈses.ɪvli/
seriously /ˈsɪə.ri.əs.li/
socially /ˈsəʊ.ʃəl.i/
surprisingly /səˈpraɪ.zɪŋ.li/
NOUN PHRASES
a significant drop in
air pollution
an incredible range of
an integral part of
crime levels
crime rate
exhaust fumes
give and take
hustle and bustle
local residents
negative consequences
open spaces
peace and quiet
pedestrian area
public transport system
pros and cons
psychological benefits
rush-hour traffic
surveillance system
the cost of living
tourist attraction
traffic congestion
traffic jam
ups and downs
urban sprawl
VERB PHRASES
be densely populated
be obsessed with sth
be steeped in history
be socially inclusive
come into contact with sb/sth
conduct a study
have little impact on
hop on (a bus/train)
Unit 27
NOUNS
accumulation
/əˌkjuː.mjʊˈleɪ.ʃən/
accuracy /ˈæk.jʊ.rə.si/
ancestor /ˈæn.ses.tər/
ancestry /ˈæn.ses.tri/
appointment
/əˈpɔɪnt.mənt/
archive /ˈɑː.kaɪv/
autobiography
/ˌɔː.tə.baɪˈɒg.rə.fi/
branch /brɑːntʃ/
descendant /dɪˈsen.dənt/
descent /dɪˈsent/
embellishment
/ɪmˈbel.ɪʃ.mənt/
entry /ˈen.tri/
fragment /ˈfræg.mənt/
hurdle /ˈhɜː.dl/
multitude /ˈmʌl.tɪ.tjuːd/
mystery /ˈmɪs.tər.i/
myth /mɪθ/
note /nəʊt/
process /ˈprəʊ.ses/
record /rɪˈkɔːd/
reminiscence
/ˌrem.ɪˈnɪs.əns/
roots /ruːts/
scrap /skræp/
source /sɔːs/
trace /treɪs/
verification
/ˌver.ɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/
verifier /ˈver.ɪfaɪ.ə/
VERBS
accumulate
/əˈkjuː.mjʊ.leɪt/
conduct /kənˈdʌkt/
confront /kənˈfrʌnt/
consider /kənˈsɪd.ər/
dig /dɪg/
disclose /dɪˈskləʊz/
document /ˈdɒk.jʊ.mənt/
embellish /ɪmˈbel.ɪʃ/
expose /ɪkˈspəʊz/
formulate /ˈfɔː.mjʊ.leɪt/
hoard /hɔːd/
originate /əˈrɪdʒ.ɪ.neɪt/
overcome /ˌəʊ.vəˈkʌm/
reminisce /ˌrem.ɪˈnɪs/
unlock /ʌnˈlɒk/
verify /ˈver.ɪ.faɪ/
weigh /weɪ/
ADJECTIVES
accumulated
/əˈkjuː.mjəleɪ.tɪd/
accurate /ˈæk.jʊ.rət/
ancestral /ænˈses.trəl/
blank /blæŋk/
countless /ˈkaʊnt.ləs/
embellished /ɪmˈbel.ɪʃt/
genealogical
/ˌdʒiː.ni.əˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl/
huge /hjuːdʒ/
inaccurate /ɪˈnæk.jʊ.rət/
numerous /ˈnjuː.mə.rəs/
precious /ˈpreʃ.əs/
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 reminiscent /ˌrem.ɪˈnɪs.ənt/
valuable /ˈvæl.jʊ.bl/
verified /ˈver.ɪfaɪd/
verifiable /ˈver.ɪ.faɪ.ə.bl/
ADVERBS
eerily /ˈɪə.rɪ.li/
wildly /ˈwaɪld.li/
NOUN PHRASES
a multitude of
branch of your roots
criminal record
grain of truth
half-price entry
huge amounts of information
line of descent
long-buried secret
skeleton in the cupboard
world record
VERB PHRASES
accumulate information
be eerily reminiscent of sth
be wildly inaccurate
conduct an investigation
cover your tracks
dictate the course of
dig up dirt on sb
document facts
draw the line
expose secrets
gain entry
keep sb in the dark
muddy the waters
put together (from)
(say sth) off the record
sweep sth under the carpet
unlock a mystery
verify facts
weigh up (a decision)
work backwards
Unit 28
NOUNS
audition /ɔːˈdɪʃ.ən/
artefact /ˈɑː.tɪ.fækt/
audience /ˈɔː.di.əns/
back-catalogue
/bæk ˈkæt.əl.ɒg/
blockbuster /ˈblɒkˌbʌs.tər/
capacity /kəˈpæs.ə.ti/
cast /kɑːst/
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celebrity /sɪˈleb.rɪ.ti/
chaos /ˈkeɪ.ɒs/
character /ˈkær.ɪk.tə/
comedy /ˈkɒm.ə.di/
comic /ˈkɒm.ɪk/
beat /biːt/
euphoria /juːˈfɔː.ri.ə/
exhibition /ˌek.sɪˈbɪʃ.ən/
exhilaration
/ɪgˌzɪl.əˈreɪ.ʃən/
festival /ˈfes.tɪ.vəl/
genius /ˈdʒiː.ni.əs/
gig /gɪg/
installation /ˌɪn.stəˈleɪ.ʃən/
intimacy /ˈɪn.tɪ.mə.si/
irony /ˈaɪ.rə.ni/
lines /laɪnz/
jewellery /ˈdʒuː.əl.ri/
melancholy /ˈmel.əŋ.kɒl.i/
melody /ˈmel.ə.di/
multiplex /ˈmʌl.tɪ.pleks/
narrative /ˈnær.ə.tɪv/
novelist /ˈnɒv.əl.ɪst/
orchestra /ˈɔː.kɪ.strə/
part /pɑːt/
portrait /ˈpɔː.trət/
premiere /ˈprem.i.eə/
replica /ˈrep.lɪ.kə/
review /rɪˈvjuː/
routine /ruːˈtiːn/
sculptor /ˈskʌlp.tə/
sculpture /ˈskʌlp.tʃə/
soloist /ˈsəʊ.ləʊ.ɪst/
stand-up /ˈstænd.ʌp/
stitches /stɪtʃɪz/
venue /ˈven.juː/
vocals /ˈvəʊkəlz/
VERBS
attend /əˈtend/
appreciate /əˈpriː.ʃi.eɪt/
book /bʊk/
compose /kəmˈpəʊz/
conduct /kənˈdʌkt/
exhibit /ɪgˈzɪb.ɪt/
headline /ˈhed.laɪn/
perform /pəˈfɔːm/
review /rɪˈvjuː/
tour /tʊə/
ADJECTIVES
abrasive /əˈbreɪ.sɪv/
academic /ˌæk.əˈdem.ɪk/
bizarre /bɪˈzɑː/
bland /blænd/
boisterous /ˈbɔɪ.stər.əs/
challenging /ˈtʃæl.ɪn.dʒɪŋ/
chaotic /keɪˈɒt.ɪk/
classic /ˈklæs.ɪk/
classical /ˈklæs.ɪ.kəl/
contemporary
/kənˈtem.pər.ər.i/
cramped /kræmpt/
dated /ˈdeɪ.tɪd/
devoted /dɪˈvəʊ.tɪd/
eclectic /ɪˈklek.tɪk/
edgy /ˈedʒ.i/
emotional /ɪˈməʊ.ʃən.əl/
euphoric /juːˈfɒr.ɪk/
exhilarating /ɪgˈzɪl.ə.reɪ.tɪŋ/
historic /hɪˈstɒr.ɪk/
historical /hɪˈstɒr.ɪ.kəl/
insistent /ɪnˈsɪs.tənt/
intimate /ˈɪn.tɪ.mət/
legendary /ˈledʒ.ən.dri/
melancholic /ˌmel.əŋˈkɒl.ɪk/
melodic /məˈlɒd.ɪk/
melodramatic
/ˌmel.ə.drəˈmæt.ɪk/
memorable /ˈmem.ər.ə.bl/
outdoor /ˈaʊtˌdɔː/
prestigious /presˈtɪdʒ.əs/
provincial /prəˈvɪn.ʃəl/
raucous /ˈrɔː.kəs/
repetitive /rɪˈpet.ə.tɪv/
scientific /ˌsaɪənˈtɪf.ɪk/
star-studded /ˈstɑːˌstʌd.ɪd/
subtle /ˈsʌt.əl/
surgical /ˈsɜː.dʒɪ.kəl/
syrupy /ˈsɪr.əp.i/
televised /ˈtel.ɪ.vaɪzd/
understated
/ˌʌn.dəˈsteɪ.tɪd/
unimpressive
/ˌʌn.ɪmˈpres.ɪv/
weak /wiːk/
NOUN PHRASES
a devoted following
a hint of irony
academic performance
ballet company
capacity audience
concert hall
comedy club
great fan of
live music event
medical instrument
multiplex cinema
open-air stadium
provincial theatre
public art gallery
scientific instrument
surgical instrument
VERB PHRASES
appear on stage
appreciate art
be the right word
book a venue
conduct an orchestra
fill a venue
go on stage
have sb in stitches
headline a venue
lead an orchestra
learn by rote
produce a film
shoot a film
take to the stage
write music
Unit 29
NOUNS
expatriate /ekˈspæt.ri.ət/
homesickness
/ˈhəʊm.sɪknɪs/
illegality /ˌɪl.iːˈgæl.ɪ.ti/
immigrant /ˈɪm.ɪ.grənt/
legality /liːˈgæl.ə.ti/
legalisation
/ˌliː.ɡəl.aɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/
migrant /ˈmaɪ.grənt/
pastures /ˈpɑːs.tʃəz/
persecution
/ˌpɜː.sɪˈkjuː.ʃən/
persecutor /ˈpɜː.sɪ.kjuː.tə/
settler /ˈset.lə/
smuggler /ˈsmʌg.lə/
smuggling /ˈsmʌɡlɪŋ/
specialism /ˈspeʃ.əl.ɪ.zəm/
specialisation
/ˌspeʃ.əl.aɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/
specialist /ˈspeʃ.əl.ɪst/
surroundings /səˈraʊn.dɪŋz/
VERBS
embed /ɪmˈbed/
embitter /ɪmˈbɪt.ə/
embody /ɪmˈbɒd.i/
empower /ɪmˈpaʊə/
enable /ɪˈneɪ.bl/
encase /ɪnˈkeɪs/
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 encircle /ɪnˈsɜː.kl/
enclose /ɪnˈkləʊz/
endanger /ɪnˈdeɪn.dʒər/
engulf /ɪnˈgʌlf/
enlarge /ɪnˈlɑːdʒ/
enliven /ɪnˈlaɪ.vən/
enrich /ɪnˈrɪtʃ/
grieve /griːv/
legalise /ˈliː.ɡəl.aɪz/
migrate /maɪˈgreɪt/
overstay /ˌəʊ.vəˈsteɪ/
persecute /ˈpɜː.sɪ.kjuːt/
pine /paɪn/
settle /ˈset.l/
smuggle /ˈsmʌg.l/
specialise /ˈspeʃ.əl.aɪz/
ADJECTIVES
beaten /ˈbiː.tən/
close-knit /ˌkləʊsˈnɪt/
desperate /ˈdes.pər.ət/
endangered /ɪnˈdeɪn.dʒəd/
familiar /fəˈmɪl.i.ə/
homesick /ˈhəʊm.sɪk/
illegal /ɪˈliː.gəl/
insecure /ˌɪn.sɪˈkjʊə/
legal /ˈliː.gəl/
multicoloured
/ˌmʌl.tiˈkʌl.əd/
multicultural
/ˌmʌl.tiˈkʌl.tʃər.əl/
multifunctional
/ˌmʌl.tiˈfʌŋk.ʃən.əl/
multilingual
/ˌmʌl.tiˈlɪŋ.gwəl/
multinational
/ˌmʌl.tiˈnæʃ.ən.əl/
persecuted /ˈpɜː.sɪkjuː.tɪd/
smuggled /ˈsmʌɡəld/
specialised /ˈspeʃ.əl.aɪzd/
specialist /ˈspeʃ.əl.ɪst/
NOUN PHRASES
asylum seeker
contract worker
illegal immigrant
multinational corporation
seasonal employee
sense of belonging
sense of duty
sense of humour
sense of loss
sense of responsibility
sense of urgency
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VERB PHRASES
be off the menu
do sth like a shot
dream of pastures new
find your feet
go off the beaten track
pine for sth/sb
pull a rug out from under sb
things are looking up
your heart is in (a place)
Unit 30
NOUNS
adolescence /ˌæd.əˈles.əns/
adolescent /ˌæd.əˈles.ənt/
bungee /ˈbʌn.dʒi/
buzz /bʌz/
characteristic
/ˌkær.ɪk.təˈrɪs.tɪk/
consequences
/ˈkɒnt.sɪ.kwəntsɪz/
exertion /ɪgˈzɜː.ʃən/
expert /ˈek.spɜːt/
hazard /ˈhæz.əd/
hype /haɪp/
individual /ˌɪn.dɪˈvɪd.ju.əl/
kick /kɪk/
level /ˈlev.əl/
measures /ˈmeʒəz/
onset /ˈɒn.set/
outcome /ˈaʊt.kʌm/
participant /pɑːˈtɪs.ɪ.pənt/
precautions /prɪˈkɔː.ʃənz/
reaction /riˈæk.ʃən/
representative
/ˌrep.rɪˈzen.tə.tɪv/
response /rɪˈspɒns/
results /rɪˈzʌlts/
risk /rɪsk/
sample /ˈsɑːm.pl/
scuba /ˈskuː.bə/
teen /tiːn/
thrill /θrɪl/
youth /juːθ/
VERBS
analyse /ˈæn.əl.aɪz/
anticipate /ænˈtɪs.ɪ.peɪt/
avoid /əˈvɔɪd/
determine /dɪˈtɜː.mɪn/
display /dɪˈspleɪ/
engage /ɪnˈgeɪdʒ/
evaluate /ɪˈvæl.ju.eɪt/
foresee /fəˈsiː/ have a lucky escape
induce /ɪnˈdjuːs/ make a choice
release /rɪˈliːs/ make a decision
predict /prɪˈdɪkt/ make a difference
slip /slɪp/ make an effort
stumble /ˈstʌm.bl/ make progress
trip /trɪp/ make sure
make use of
ADJECTIVES take action
associated /əˈsəʊ.si.eɪ.tɪd/ take advice
content /kənˈtent/ take care
competent /ˈkɒm.pɪ.tənt/ take a chance
exaggerated
take a decision
/ɪɡˈzædʒ.əreɪ.tɪd/ take effect
frustrated /frʌsˈtreɪ.tɪd/ take exercise
harmful /ˈhɑːm.fəl/ take part in sth
hazardous /ˈhæz.ə.dəs/ take precautions
physical /ˈfɪz.ɪ.kəl/ take responsibility
reasonable /ˈriː.zən.ə.bl/ take risks
recreational take steps to do sth
/ˌrek.riˈeɪ.ʃən.əl/
responsible /rɪˈspɒn.sɪ.bl/
risky /ˈrɪs.ki/
Unit 31
serious /ˈsɪə.ri.əs/
satisfied /ˈsæt.ɪs.faɪd/ NOUNS
tentative /ˈten.tə.tɪv/ aggression /əˈgreʃ.ən/
arrogance /ˈær.ə.gəns/
ADVERBS attractiveness
potentially /pəˈten.ʃəl.i/ /əˈtræk.tɪvnɪs/
attraction /əˈtræk.ʃən/
NOUN PHRASES
attendant /əˈten.dənt/
bungee jumping bias /ˈbaɪ.əs/
control measure capability /ˌkeɪ.pəˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/
dangerous driving category /ˈkæt.ə.gri/
hang-gliding colleague /ˈkɒl.iːg/
ice climbing comedian /kəˈmiː.di.ən/
individual sport comedienne /kəˌmiː.diˈen/
lucky escape competitiveness
marketing hype /kəmˈpetɪtɪvnəs/
physical exertion competition
potholing /ˌkɒm.pəˈtɪʃ.ən/
reasonable precautions connotations
recreational activity /ˌkɒn.əʊˈteɪ.ʃənz/
safety expert contribution
scuba diving /ˌkɒn.trɪˈbjuː.ʃən/
skydiving contributor
tentative link /kənˈtrɪb.jʊ.tə/
white-water rafting disadvantage
windsurfing /ˌdɪs.ədˈvɑːn.tɪdʒ/
discrimination
VERB PHRASES
/dɪˌskrɪm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/
do further research drive /draɪv/
engage in sth equality /ɪˈkwɒl.ɪ.ti/
evaluate outcomes evidence /ˈev.ɪ.dəns/
live forever flexibility /ˌflek.sɪˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/
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 forefathers /ˈfɔːˌfɑː.ðəz/
gender /ˈdʒen.dər/
gift /gɪft/
gracefulness /ˈɡreɪs.fəlnɪs/
grace /greɪs/
humanity /hjuːˈmæn.ə.ti/
humankind
/ˌhjuː.mənˈkaɪnd/
involvement /ɪnˈvɒlv.mənt/
leadership /ˈliː.də.ʃɪp/
mankind /mænˈkaɪnd/
midwife /ˈmɪd.waɪf/
partner /ˈpɑːt.nər/
passivity /pæsˈɪv.ɪ.ti/
perpetuation
/pəˌpetʃ.uˈeɪ.ʃən/
power /paʊər/
purity /ˈpjʊə.rɪ.ti/
predecessor /ˈpriː.dɪˌses.ər/
responsibility
/rɪˌspɒn.sɪˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/
sibling /ˈsɪb.lɪŋ/
spouse /spaʊs/
stereotype /ˈster.i.ə.taɪp/
stewardess /ˈstjuː.ə.dɪs/
subconscious /ˌsʌbˈkɒn.ʃəs/
submissiveness
/səbˈmɪs.ɪvnɪs/
submission /səbˈmɪʃ.ən/
synthetic /sɪnˈθet.ɪk/
VERBS
categorise /ˈkæt.ə.ɡər.aɪz/
clarify /ˈklær.ɪ.faɪ/
complete /kəmˈpliːt/
consider /kənˈsɪd.ə/
contribute /kənˈtrɪb.juːt/
deem /diːm/
discriminate
/dɪˈskrɪm.ɪ.neɪt/
involve /ɪnˈvɒlv/
marginalise
/ˈmɑː.dʒɪ.nəl.aɪz/
overt /əʊˈvɜːt/
participate /pɑːˈtɪs.ɪ.peɪt/
perpetuate /pəˈpetʃ.u.eɪt/
pursue /pəˈsjuː/
specify /ˈspes.ɪ.faɪ/
strengthen /ˈstreŋ.θən/
ADJECTIVES
adequate /ˈæd.ə.kwət/
aggressive /əˈgres.ɪv/
arrogant /ˈær.ə.gənt/
attractive /əˈtræk.tɪv/
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G&V_ADV_wordlist.indd 4
biased /ˈbaɪ.əst/
competitive /kəmˈpet.ɪ.tɪv/
concerned /kənˈsɜːnd/
contributory
/kənˈtrɪb.jʊ.tər.i/
derogatory /dɪˈrɒg.ə.tər.i/
discriminatory
/dɪˈskrɪm.ɪ.nə.tər.i/
dominated /ˈdɒm.ɪneɪ.tɪd/
driven /ˈdrɪv.ən/
equal /ˈiː.kwəl/
flexible /ˈflek.sɪ.bl/
fundamental
/ˌfʌn.dəˈmen.təl/
gifted /ˈgɪf.tɪd/
graceful /ˈgreɪs.fəl/
historical /hɪˈstɒr.ɪ.kəl/
inadequate /ɪˈnæd.ɪ.kwət/
inclusive /ɪnˈkluː.sɪv/
involved /ɪnˈvɒlvd/
man-made /ˌmænˈmeɪd/
marginal /ˈmɑː.dʒɪ.nəl/
muscular /ˈmʌs.kjʊ.lər/
neutral /ˈnjuː.trəl/
passive /ˈpæs.ɪv/
perpetual /pəˈpetʃ.u.əl/
powerful /ˈpaʊə.fəl/
pure /pjʊə/
rooted /ruːtɪd/
sexist /ˈsek.sɪst/
shocking /ˈʃɒk.ɪŋ/
submissive /səbˈmɪs.ɪv/
underpaid /ˌʌndəˈpeɪd/
voluntary /ˈvɒl.ən.tər.i/
ADVERBS
involuntarily
/ɪnˈvɒl.ən.tərɪ.li/
mainly /ˈmeɪn.li/
predominantly
/prɪˈdɒm.ɪ.nənt.li/
subconsciously
/sʌbˈkɒn.tʃəs.li/
NOUN PHRASES
flight attendant
fundamental beliefs
future life chances
historical disadvantage
mature adult
VERB PHRASES
be concerned about sth
be deeply rooted in the
subconscious
be treated as
contribute to
do sth in a derogatory way
have an enormous impact
on sth
impose restrictions on sth
make inroads
pay attention to
stand by
stand for
stand in for sb
stand out
stand up for
take responsibility for yourself
Unit 32
NOUNS
academy /əˈkæd.ə.mi/
apprenticeship
/əˈpren.tɪs.ʃɪp/
boarding /ˈbɔː.dɪŋ/
capability /ˌkeɪ.pəˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/
capacity /kəˈpæs.ə.ti/
charity /ˈtʃær.ɪ.ti/
educator /ˈed.jʊ.keɪ.tə/
establishment
/ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ.mənt/
faith /feɪθ/
funds /fʌndz/
graduation
/ˌgrædʒ.uˈeɪ.ʃən/
graduate /ˈgrædʒ.u.ət/
induction /ɪnˈdʌk.ʃən/
influence /ˈɪn.flu.əns/
innovation /ˌɪn.əˈveɪ.ʃən/
innovator /ˈɪnəveɪtə/
insight /ˈɪn.saɪt/
lecture /ˈlek.tʃə/
method /ˈmeθ.əd/
motivation
/ˌməʊ.tɪˈveɪ.ʃən/
motivator /ˈməʊtɪveɪtə/
nursery /ˈnɜː.sər.i/
objective /əbˈdʒek.tɪv/
opportunity
/ˌɒp.əˈtjuː.nə.ti/
pre-school /ˈpriː.skuːl/
pioneer /ˌpaɪəˈnɪə/
position /pəˈzɪʃ.ən/
potential /pəˈten.ʃəl/
release /rɪˈliːs/
realisation /ˌrɪə.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/
researcher /rɪˈsɜːtʃ.ə/
special needs
/ˈspeʃ.əl niːdz/
team building
/tiːm ˈbɪl.dɪŋ/
technical /ˈtek.nɪ.kəl/
workshop /ˈwɜːk.ʃɒp/
VERBS
achieve /əˈtʃiːv/
educate /ˈed.jʊ.keɪt/
enable /ɪˈneɪ.bl/
establish /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/
foster /ˈfɒs.tə/
graduate /ˈgrædʒ.u.ət/
influence /ˈɪn.flu.əns/
innovate /ˈɪn.ə.veɪt/
motivate /ˈməʊ.tɪ.veɪt/
raise /reɪz/
ADJECTIVES
child-centred
/ˈtʃaɪldˌsen.təd/
disadvantaged
/ˌdɪs.ədˈvɑːn.tɪdʒd/
educated /ˈed.jʊ.keɪ.tɪd/
educational
/ˌed.jʊˈkeɪ.ʃən.əl/
electrical /ɪˈlek.trɪ.kəl/
established /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃt/
fundamental
/ˌfʌn.dəˈmen.təl/
hands-on /ˌhænd.ˈzɒn/
holistic /həˈlɪs.tɪk/
innovative /ˈɪn.ə.və.tɪv/
influential /ˌɪn.fluˈen.ʃəl/
interactive /ˌɪn.təˈræk.tɪv/
mainstream /ˈmeɪn.striːm/
motivated /ˈməʊ.tɪˌveɪ.tɪd/
motivational
/ˌməʊ.tɪˈveɪ.ʃən.əl/
motivating /ˈməʊtɪveɪtɪŋ/
practical /ˈpræk.tɪ.kəl/
self-motivated
/self ˈməʊ.tɪˌveɪ.tɪd/
technical /ˈtek.nɪ.kəl/
traditional /trəˈdɪʃ.ən.əl/
ADVERBS
firmly /ˈfɜːm.li/
highly /ˈhaɪ.li/
increasingly /ɪnˈkriː.sɪŋ.li/
newly /ˈnjuː.li/
politically /pəˈlɪt.ɪ.kli/
poorly /ˈpɔː.li/
strongly /ˈstrɒŋ.li/
12/02/2015 08:52
 NOUN PHRASES
children with special needs
boarding school
day release
development opportunity
distance-learning course
early years
faith school
fee-paying school
further education
hands-on experience
higher education
local state school
independent school
primary school
secondary school
special needs
teaching method
team-building day
technical college
training plans
VERB PHRASES
apply for a course
be firmly established
be fundamental to sth
be highly educated
be highly influential
be increasingly influential
be newly established
be politically motivated
be poorly educated
be strongly motivated
graduate from university
give insight into sth
have a (good) influence on sb
have a love of sth
have a positive image of
yourself
learn by doing sth
raise funds for charity
Unit 33
NOUNS
appetite /ˈæp.ɪ.taɪt/
calories /ˈkæl.ər.iz/
cancer /ˈkæn.sə/
catastrophe /kəˈtæs.trə.fi/
dementia /dɪˈmen.ʃə/
depression /dɪˈpreʃ.ən/
disease /dɪˈziːz/
epidemic /ˌep.ɪˈdem.ɪk/
Grammar and Vocabulary for Advanced © Cambridge University Press 2015 Photocopiable 5
G&V_ADV_wordlist.indd 5
fluid /ˈfluː.ɪd/
healthcare /ˈhelθ.keə/
hygiene /ˈhaɪ.dʒiːn/
immunisation
/ˌɪm.jə.naɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/
immunity /ɪˈmjuː.nɪ.ti/
influenza /ˌɪn.fluˈen.zə/
infection /ɪnˈfek.ʃən/
injury /ˈɪn.dʒər.i/
intake /ˈɪn.teɪk/
malnutrition
/ˌmæl.njuːˈtrɪ.ʃən/
medication /ˌmed.ɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/
medicine /ˈmed.ɪ.sən/
metabolism
/məˈtæb.əl.ɪ.zəm/
misconduct
/ˌmɪsˈkɒn.dʌkt/
misdiagnosis
/ˌmɪs.daɪ.əɡˈnəʊ.sɪs/
misfortune /ˌmɪsˈfɔː.tʃuːn/
misinformation
/ˌmɪs.ɪn.fəˈmeɪ.ʃən/
mismanagement
/ˌmɪsˈmænɪdʒmənt/
misrepresentation
/ˌmɪs.rep.rɪ.zenˈteɪ.ʃən/
obesity /əʊˈbiː.sə.ti/
pandemic /pænˈdem.ɪk/
prevention /prɪˈven.ʃən/
suppressant /səˈpres.ənt/
starvation /stɑːˈveɪ.ʃən/
toll /təʊl/
treatment /ˈtriːt.mənt/
VERBS
cope /kəʊp/
contract /ˈkɒn.trækt/
detoxify /diːˈtɒk.sɪ.faɪ/
immunise /ˈɪm.jə.naɪz/
infect /ɪnˈfekt/
medicate /ˈmed.ɪ.keɪt/
prevent /prɪˈvent/
spread /spred/
transmit /trænzˈmɪt/
treat /triːt/
ADJECTIVES
acute /əˈkjuːt/
contagious /kənˈteɪ.dʒəs/
critical /ˈkrɪt.ɪ.kəl/
dehydrated
/ˌdiː.haɪˈdreɪ.tɪd/
elderly /ˈel.dəl.i/
essential /ɪˈsen.ʃəl/
immune /ɪˈmjuːn/
infectious /ɪnˈfek.ʃəs/
infected /ɪnˈfek.tɪd/
insufficient /ˌɪn.səˈfɪʃ.ənt/
medical /ˈmed.ɪ.kəl/
medicated /ˈmed.ɪ.keɪ.tɪd/
metabolic /ˌmet.əˈbɒl.ɪk/
preventable /prɪˈven.tə.bl/
preventative
/prɪˈven.tə.tɪv/
prone /prəʊn/
treatable /ˈtriː.tə.bəl/
untreated /ʌnˈtriː.tɪd/
vital /ˈvaɪ.təl/
waterborne /ˈwɔː.tə.bɔːn/
ADVERBS
substantially
/səbˈstæn.ʃəl.i/
NOUN PHRASES
a balanced diet
access to healthcare
appetite suppressant
death toll
energy intake
heart disease
medical advance
metabolic rate
professional misconduct
rate at which you do sth
regular exercise
respiratory system
the elderly
waterborne disease
VERB PHRASES
be a vital part of sth
be essential to sth
be on a diet
be prone to
be run down
burn calories
lose weight
play an important role
sweep the globe
Unit 34
NOUNS
altitude /ˈæl.tɪ.tjuːd/
authority /ɔːˈθɒr.ɪ.ti/
awareness /əˈweə.nəs/
cabin /ˈkæb.ɪn/
comeback /ˈkʌm.bæk/
dinghy /ˈdɪŋ.gi/
fraction /ˈfræk.ʃən/
income /ˈɪn.kʌm/
increase /ɪnˈkriːs/
journey /ˈdʒɜː.ni/
network /ˈnet.wɜːk/
pavement /ˈpeɪv.mənt/
rent /rent/
runway /ˈrʌn.weɪ/
theft /θeft/
vehicle /ˈviː.ɪ.kl/
VERBS
hail /heɪl/
opt /ɒpt/
pedal /ˈped.əl/
rent /rent/
relinquish /rɪˈlɪŋ.kwɪʃ/
row /rəʊ/
ADJECTIVES
conventional
/kənˈven.ʃən.əl/
confined /kənˈfaɪnd/
costly /ˈkɒst.li/
clean-running /kliːn ˈrʌn.ɪŋ/
dramatic /drəˈmæt.ɪk/
eco-friendly
/ˈiː.kəʊˌfrend.li/
extensive /ɪkˈsten.sɪv/
finite /ˈfaɪ.naɪt/
incompatible
/ˌɪn.kəmˈpæt.ɪ.bl/
inflatable /ɪnˈfleɪ.tə.bl/
leaky /ˈliː.ki/
miniature /ˈmɪn.ɪ.tʃə/
packed /pækt/
potential /pəˈten.ʃəl/
preposterous
/prɪˈpɒs.tər.əs/
realistic /ˌrɪəˈlɪs.tɪk/
timetabled /ˈtaɪmˌteɪ.bəld/
unrealistic /ˌʌn.rɪəˈlɪs.tɪk/
NOUN PHRASES
a dramatic increase
a fraction of
a heavy fine
a means of
a realistic prospect
black cab
carbon emissions
commuter train
cargo ship
12/02/2015 08:52
 energy consumption fury /ˈfjʊə.ri/
finite resource misery /ˈmɪz.ər.i/
folding bicycle optimism /ˈɒp.tɪ.mɪ.zəm/
fossil fuel optimist /ˈɒp.tɪ.mɪst/
inflatable dinghy patience /ˈpeɪ.ʃəns/
key advantage positivity /ˌpɒz.ə.ˈtɪv.ɪ.ti/
local authority relaxation /ˌriː.lækˈseɪ.ʃən/
pedestrian zone sieve /sɪv/
private car
returnable deposit VERBS
roll-on, roll-off ferry confront /kənˈfrʌnt/
row a dinghy frown /fraʊn/
sightseeing bus groan /grəʊn/
speed awareness honour /ˈɒn.ə/
top speed infuriate /ɪnˈfjʊə.ri.eɪt/
traffic lane narrow /ˈnær.əʊ/
trigger /ˈtrɪg.ər/
VERB PHRASES recall /rɪˈkɔːl/
be a costly business repress /rɪˈpres/
be an alternative to retain /rɪˈteɪn/
be confined to relive /ˌriːˈlɪv/
be fitted with sail /seɪl/
be incompatible with stammer /ˈstæm.ə/
be on a low income tremble /ˈtrem.bl/
board a train twist /twɪst/
book a cabin wrinkle /ˈrɪŋ.kl/
drive / travel at speeds of
(up to) ADJECTIVES
get around apprehensive
get away with doing sth /ˌæp.rɪˈhen.sɪv/
get by anxious /ˈæŋk.ʃəs/
get out of doing sth astonishing /əˈstɒn.ɪ.ʃɪŋ/
get round to doing sth calm /kɑːm/
hail a cab confrontational
make a comeback /ˌkɒn.frʌnˈteɪ.ʃən.əl/
pop out to (a place) contented /kənˈten.tɪd/
undergo training in sth dejected /dɪˈdʒek.tɪd/
devastated /ˈdev.ə.steɪ.tɪd/
devastating /ˈdev.ə.steɪ.tɪŋ/
Unit 35 excruciating
/ɪkˈskruː.ʃi.eɪ.tɪŋ/
NOUNS fascinating /ˈfæs.ɪ.neɪ.tɪŋ/
anger /ˈæŋ.gə/ furious /ˈfjʊə.ri.əs/
anxiety /æŋˈzaɪ.ə.ti/ hideous /ˈhɪd.i.əs/
apprehension laid-back /ˌleɪdˈbæk/
/ˌæp.rɪˈhen.ʃən/ ludicrous /ˈluː.dɪ.krəs/
attitude /ˈæt.ɪ.tjuːd/ memorable /ˈmem.ər.ə.bl/
authority /ɔːˈθɒr.ɪ.ti/ miserable /ˈmɪz.ər.ə.bl/
bully /ˈbʊl.i/ nervous /ˈnɜː.vəs/
confrontation optimistic /ˌɒp.tɪˈmɪs.tɪk/
/ˌkɒn.frʌnˈteɪ.ʃən/ patient /ˈpeɪ.ʃənt/
calm /kɑːm/ petrifying /ˈpet.rɪfaɪ.ɪŋ/
contentment positive /ˈpɒz.ə.tɪv/
/kənˈtent.mənt/ ravenous /ˈræv.ən.əs/
dreamer /ˈdriː.mə/ relaxed /rɪˈlækst/
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G&V_ADV_wordlist.indd 6
superb /suːˈpɜːb/
tearful /ˈtɪə.fəl/
terrific /təˈrɪf.ɪk/
tragic /ˈtrædʒ.ɪk/
traumatic /trɔːˈmæt.ɪk/
treasured /ˈtreʒəd/
upbeat /ʌpˈbiːt/
upset /ʌpˈset/
uptight /ˌʌpˈtaɪt/
vague /veɪg/
ADVERBS
absolutely /ˌæb.səˈluːt.li/
bitterly /ˈbɪt.ə.li/
completely /kəmˈpliːt.li/
endlessly /ˈend.ləsli/
extraordinarily
/ɪkˈstrɔː.dɪn.ər.əl.i/
faintly /ˈfeɪnt.li/
hopelessly /ˈhəʊp.ləs.li/
incredibly /ɪnˈkred.ɪ.bli/
indefinitely /ɪnˈdef.ɪ.nət.li/
literally /ˈlɪt.ər.əl.i/
mildly /ˈmaɪld.li/
obviously /ˈɒb.vi.əs.li/
outwardly /ˈaʊtwədli/
particularly /pəˈtɪk.jʊ.lə.li/
thoroughly /ˈθʌr.ə.li/
totally /ˈtəʊ.təl.i/
utterly /ˈʌt.əl.i/
NOUN PHRASES
a bitter memory
a childhood memory
an early memory
long-term memory
a photographic memory
a mind like a sieve
short-term memory
a traumatic memory
a treasured memory
VERB PHRASES
be bitterly disappointing/
disappointed
be endlessly fascinating
be faintly ludicrous
be hopelessly optimistic
be in a mood
be mildly painful
be particularly good
be put off by sth
be thoroughly miserable
be up and down
bite your nails
bring back a memory
calm down
deal with bullies
demand an apology
fly off the handle
frown deeply
go in one ear and out the
other
go wrong
have a can-do attitude
have a (good) memory for
have an attitude problem
have mood swings
have sth on your mind
have your head in the clouds
honour the memory of sb
jog sb’s memory
lighten up
look outwardly calm
narrow your eyes
not be in the mood
not feel like doing sth
not have a care in the world
repress a memory
relive a memory
sail through life
Unit 36
NOUNS
academia /ˌæk.əˈdiː.mi.ə/
accomplishment
/əˈkʌm.plɪʃ.mənt/
addict /ˈæd.ɪkt/
addiction /əˈdɪk.ʃən/
attention /əˈten.ʃən/
benefit /ˈben.ɪ.fɪt/
celebrity /sɪˈleb.rɪ.ti/
compensation
/ˌkɒm.penˈseɪ.ʃən/
consultancy /kənˈsʌl.tən.si/
coverage /ˈkʌv.ər.ɪdʒ/
credibility /ˌkred.əˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/
devotion /dɪˈvəʊ.ʃən/
drama /ˈdrɑː.mə/
dramatist /ˈdræm.ə.tɪst/
embarrassment
/ɪmˈbær.əs.mənt/
empire /ˈem.paɪə/
endorsements
/ɪnˈdɔːsmənts/
genre /ˈʒɑ̃ː.rə/
entitlement /ɪnˈtaɪ.tl.mənt/
envy /ˈen.vi/
12/02/2015 08:52
 esteem /ɪˈstiːm/
exposure /ɪkˈspəʊ.ʒə/
fame /feɪm/
fantasist /ˈfæn.tə.sɪst/
fantasy /ˈfæn.tə.si/
fee /fiː/
gift /gɪft/
gossip /ˈgɒs.ɪp/
dramatisation
/ˌdræm.ə.taɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/
infatuation
/ɪnˌfæt.juˈeɪ.ʃən/
jealousy /ˈdʒel.ə.si/
legend /ˈledʒ.ənd/
lifestyle /ˈlaɪf.staɪl/
manipulation
/məˌnɪp.jʊˈleɪ.ʃən/
manipulator
/məˈnɪp.jʊ.leɪ.tə/
media /ˈmiː.di.ə/
non-believer /ˌnɒn.bɪˈliː.və/
non-fiction /ˌnɒnˈfɪk.ʃən/
non-smoker /ˌnɒnˈsməʊ.kə/
non-starter /ˌnɒnˈstɑː.tə/
non-swimmer
/ˌnɒnˈswɪm.ə/
novel /ˈnɒv.əl/
obsession /əbˈseʃ.ən/
paparazzi /ˌpæp.ərˈæt.si/
perk /pɜːk/
personality
/ˌpɜː.sənˈæl.ə.ti/
popularity /ˌpɒp.jʊˈlær.ə.ti/
programme /ˈprəʊ.græm/
prosperity /prɒsˈper.ɪ.ti/
reality /riˈæl.ɪ.ti/
recognition /ˌrek.əgˈnɪʃ.ən/
respect /rɪˈspekt/
reward /rɪˈwɔːd/
royalty /ˈrɔɪ.əl.ti/
sector /ˈsek.tə/
showbiz /ˈʃəʊ.bɪz/
skill /skɪl/
stardom /ˈstɑː.dəm/
talent /ˈtæl.ənt/
value /ˈvæl.juː/
VERBS
achieve /əˈtʃiːv/
addict /ˈæd.ɪkt/
attain /əˈteɪn/
dramatise /ˈdræm.ə.taɪz/
envy /ˈen.vi/
fantasise /ˈfæn.tə.saɪz/
manipulate /məˈnɪp.jʊ.leɪt/
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monitor /ˈmɒn.ɪ.tə/
recommend /ˌrek.əˈmend/
stalk /stɔːk/
unwind /ʌnˈwaɪnd/
ADJECTIVES
addicted /əˈdɪk.tɪd/
addictive /əˈdɪk.tɪv/
compulsive /kəmˈpʌl.sɪv/
dramatic /drəˈmæt.ɪk/
everyday /ˈev.ri.deɪ/
fantastical /fænˈtæs.tɪkəl/
humorous /ˈhjuː.mə.rəs/
immense /ɪˈmens/
lucrative /ˈluː.krə.tɪv/
manipulative
/məˈnɪp.jʊ.lə.tɪv/
manufactured
/ˌmæn.jəˈfæk.tʃəd/
non-addictive
/ˌnɒn.əˈdik.tɪv/
non-disposable
/nɒn dɪˈspəʊ.zə.bl/
non-essential
/ˌnɒn.ɪˈsen.tʃəl/
non-judgemental
/ˌnɒn.dʒʌdʒˈmen.təl/
non-political
/nɒn pəˈlɪt.ɪ.kəl/
non-profit-making
/ˌnɒnˈprɒf.ɪtˌmeɪ.kɪŋ/
non-specific
/ˌnɒn.spəˈsɪf.ɪk/
non-standard
/ˌnɒnˈstæn.dəd/
ordinary /ˈɔː.dɪ.nə.ri/
sought-after /ˈsɔːtˌɑːf.tər/
talented /ˈtæl.ən.tɪd/
trashy /ˈtræʃ.i/
unscripted /ʌnˈskrɪp.tɪd/
weird /wɪəd/
world-famous
/ˌwɜːldˈfeɪ.məs/
ADVERBS
highly /ˈhaɪ.li/
rarely /ˈreə.li/
readily /ˈred.ɪ.li/
NOUN PHRASES
a big name
celebrity endorsements
celebrity gossip
celebrity lifestyle
complete rubbish
compulsive viewing
everyday life
group dynamics
mass media
media attention
media coverage
media empire
ordinary people
public appearance
reality television
sporting legend
story line
television genre
television personality
trashy novel
VERB PHRASES
be in the public eye
be highly sought-after
be readily available
find common ground
not be everyone’s cup of tea
Unit 37
NOUNS
advice /ədˈvaɪs/
advisor /ədˈvaɪ.zə/
breakdown /ˈbreɪk.daʊn/
break-up /ˈbreɪk.ʌp/
conflict /ˈkɒn.flɪkt/
dispute /dɪˈspjuːt/
failure /ˈfeɪ.ljər/
globalisation
/ˌɡləʊbəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/
intake /ˈɪn.teɪk/
judge /dʒʌdʒ/
letdown /ˈlet.daʊn/
listener /ˈlɪs.ən.ə/
loggerheads /ˈlɒg.ə.hedz/
mediator /ˈmiː.di.eɪ.tə/
outbreak /ˈaʊt.breɪk/
partnership /ˈpɑːt.nə.ʃɪp/
phenomenon
/fəˈnɒm.ɪ.nən/
sake /seɪk/
stability /stəˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/
upbringing /ˈʌpˌbrɪŋ.ɪŋ/
VERBS
appease /əˈpiːz/
appreciate /əˈpriː.ʃi.eɪt/
contribute /kənˈtrɪb.juːt/
doubt /daʊt/
drift /drɪft/
endanger /ɪnˈdeɪn.dʒə/
erode /ɪˈrəʊd/
impart /ɪmˈpɑːt/
inform /ɪnˈfɔːm/
instil /ɪnˈstɪl/
overlook /ˌəʊ.vəˈlʊk/
question /ˈkwes.tʃən/
recognise /ˈrek.əɡ.naɪz/
ruin /ˈruː.ɪn/
soothe /suːð/
tolerate /ˈtɒl.ər.eɪt/
weaken /ˈwiː.kən/
ADJECTIVES
cherished /ˈtʃer.ɪʃt/
close-knit /ˌkləʊsˈnɪt/
committed /kəˈmɪt.ɪd/
comprehensive
/ˌkɒm.prɪˈhen.sɪv/
concerned /kənˈsɜːnd/
dependable /dɪˈpen.də.bl/
distraught /dɪˈstrɔːt/
dysfunctional
/dɪsˈfʌŋk.ʃən.əl/
fragile /ˈfrædʒ.aɪl/
impartial /ɪmˈpɑː.ʃəl/
idyllic /ɪˈdɪl.ɪk/
loving /ˈlʌv.ɪŋ/
middle-class /ˌmɪd.lˈklɑːs/
privileged /ˈprɪv.əl.ɪdʒd/
pushy /ˈpʊʃ.i/
sheltered /ˈʃel.təd/
solid /ˈsɒl.ɪd/
stable /ˈsteɪ.bl/
supportive /səˈpɔː.tɪv/
tough /tʌf/
traumatic /trɔːˈmæt.ɪk/
tricky /ˈtrɪk.i/
troubled /ˈtrʌb.ld/
turbulent /ˈtɜː.bjʊ.lənt/
uneasy /ʌnˈiː.zi/
ADVERBS
constantly /ˈkɒn.stənt.li/
NOUN PHRASES
anxious parents
close-knit family
comfortable upbringing
committed relationship
concerned parents
difficult childhood
distraught parents
dysfunctional family
12/02/2015 08:52
 idyllic childhood exercise /ˈek.sə.saɪz/ ADVERBS ring off
legal document favour /ˈfeɪ.və/ drastically /ˈdræs.tɪk.li/ set off
loving family fee /fiː/ start off
middle-class upbringing gossip /ˈgɒs.ɪp/ NOUN PHRASES switch sth off
privileged upbringing pastime /ˈpɑːs.taɪm/ adventure holiday trigger off sth
pushy parents pro /prəʊ/ aerobics class wear off
secure relationship resort /rɪˈzɔːt/ aerobics routine
sheltered upbringing scenery /ˈsiː.nər.i/ aerobics workout Unit 39
social circle spectator /spekˈteɪ.tə/ beach holiday
solid relationship view /vjuː/ cycling accident
supportive family NOUNS
VERBS cycling enthusiast
stable relationship accountability
cycling helmet
strong family encourage /ɪnˈkʌr.ɪdʒ/ /əˌkaʊn.təˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/
dance partner
tough upbringing honeymoon /ˈhʌn.i.muːn/ analysis /əˈnæl.ə.sɪs/
dance move
traumatic childhood include /ɪnˈkluːd/ analyst /ˈæn.ə.lɪst/
dance step
troubled childhood pack /pæk/ channel /ˈtʃæn.əl/
family holiday
turbulent childhood reassure /ˌriː.əˈʃɔː/ consumer /kənˈsjuː.mə/
football pitch
uneasy relationship sacrifice /ˈsæk.rɪ.faɪs/ consumption
football tournament
worried parents /kənˈsʌmp.ʃən/
ADJECTIVES holiday destination
device /dɪˈvaɪs/
VERB PHRASES holiday insurance
all-inclusive dominance /ˈdɒm.ɪ.nəns/
holiday resort
be up against a brick wall /ˌɔːl.ɪnˈkluː.sɪv/ domination
holiday season
be at loggerheads artificial /ˌɑː.tɪˈfɪʃ.əl/ /ˌdɒm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/
international flight
be there for sb authentic /ɔːˈθen.tɪk/ emergence /ɪˈmɜː.dʒəns/
martial arts instructor
be thoroughly dependable discouraged /dɪˈskʌr.ɪdʒd/ expense /ɪkˈspens/
martial arts fighter
break down distracting /dɪˈstræktɪŋ/ explosion /ɪkˈspləʊ.ʒən/
martial arts expert
break out enjoyable /ɪnˈdʒɔɪ.ə.bl/ explosive /ɪkˈspləʊ.sɪv/
package holiday
break up excessive /ekˈses.ɪv/ expression /ɪkˈspreʃ.ən/
tennis lesson
bridge a gap exhausting /ɪgˈzɔː.stɪŋ/ freedom /ˈfriː.dəm/
tennis coach
do/say sth behind sb’s back exhilarating libel /ˈlaɪ.bəl/
tennis court
do sth for the sake of (profit) /ɪgˈzɪl.ə.reɪ.tɪŋ/ material /məˈtɪə.ri.əl/
two-week break
drift apart exorbitant /ɪgˈzɔː.bɪ.tənt/ navigation /ˌnæv.ɪˈgeɪ.ʃən/
two-week holiday
fall for exotic /ɪgˈzɒt.ɪk/ privacy /ˈprɪv.ə.si/
swimming goggles
fall out extortionate /ɪkˈstɔː.ʃən.ət/ proposal /prəˈpəʊ.zəl/
walking tour
get sb interested extravagant rival /ˈraɪ.vəl/
walking boots
go into business /ɪkˈstræv.ə.gənt/ sanction /ˈsæŋk.ʃən/
walking pace
have a fall out far-flung /ˌfɑːˈflʌŋ/ storage /ˈstɔː.rɪdʒ/
have a wealth of foreign /ˈfɒr.ən/ VERB PHRASES subscriber /səbˈskraɪ.bə/
have high expectations genuine /ˈdʒen.ju.ɪn/ activate muscles subscription /səbˈskrɪp.ʃən/
let sb down incredible /ɪnˈkred.ɪ.bl/ be good for you analyse /ˈæn.əl.aɪz/
mess up international be low on sth
not be speaking to each /ˌɪn.təˈnæʃ.ən.əl/ VERBS
book a holiday
other isolated /ˈaɪ.sə.leɪ.tɪd/ block /blɒk/
burn off calories
perform a balancing act local /ˈləʊ.kəl/ bypass /ˈbaɪ.pɑːs/
call sth off
provide stability regional /ˈriː.dʒən.əl/ consume /kənˈsjuːm/
cancel a holiday
take sides remote /rɪˈməʊt/ dominate /ˈdɒm.ɪ.neɪt/
catch up with gossip
self-catering emerge /ɪˈmɜːdʒ/
close sth off
/ˌselfˈkeɪ.tər.ɪŋ/ explode /ɪkˈspləʊd/
Unit 38 spectacular
creep along
renew /rɪˈnjuː/
cut sth off
/spekˈtæk.jʊ.lə/ reveal /rɪˈviːl/
NOUNS do sb a favour
tropical /ˈtrɒp.ɪ.kəl/ prohibit /prəˈhɪb.ɪt/
get out and about
adjustment /əˈdʒʌst.mənt/ unheard-of /ʌnˈhɜːd.ɒv/ prove /pruːv/
hang back (from doing sth)
calorie /ˈkæl.ər.i/ wasteful /ˈweɪst.fəl/ publish /ˈpʌb.lɪʃ/
include sb in your plans
cuisine /kwɪˈziːn/ subscribe /səbˈskraɪb/
make minor adjustments
destination /ˌdes.tɪˈneɪ.ʃən/ sue /suː/
put sb off sth

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 ADJECTIVES mobile device hospitality /ˌhɒs.pɪˈtæl.ə.ti/ ADJECTIVES
analytic /ˌæn.əlˈɪt.ɪk/ navigation device import /ɪmˈpɔːt/ corporate /ˈkɔː.pər.ət/
analytical /ˌæn.əˈlɪt.ɪ.kəl/ news coverage influx /ˈɪn.flʌks/ freelance /ˈfriː.lɑːns/
consumable nuclear device jobseeker /ˈdʒɒbˌsiː.kə/ industrial /ɪnˈdʌs.tri.əl/
/kənˈsjuː.mə.bəl/
portable device insurance /ɪnˈʃɔː.rəns/ non-existent
digital /ˈdɪdʒ.ɪ.təl/ press freedom labour /ˈleɪ.bə/ /ˌnɒn.ɪgˈzɪs.tənt/
dominant /ˈdɒm.ɪ.nənt/ public interest labourer /ˈleɪ.bər.ə/
electronic /ɪˌlekˈtrɒn.ɪk/ storage device loyalty /ˈlɔɪ.əl.ti/ ADVERBS
emergent /ɪˈmɜː.dʒənt/ targeted information manufacture virtually /ˈvɜː.tju.ə.li/
television channel /ˌmæn.jʊˈfæk.tʃə/
emerging /ɪˈmɜː.dʒɪŋ/
market /ˈmɑː.kɪt/ NOUN PHRASES
expert /ˈek.spɜːt/ VERB PHRASES
explosive /ɪkˈspləʊ.sɪv/ migrant /ˈmaɪ.grənt/ call centre
be free from accountability mineral /ˈmɪn.ər.əl/ child labour
handheld /ˌhændˈheld/
be given priority mining /ˈmaɪ.nɪŋ/ customer services
in-depth /ˈɪn.depθ/
be politically sensitive offer /ˈɒf.ə/ doom and gloom
innovative /ˈɪn.ə.və.tɪv/
do sth at sb’s expense opportunity equal opportunities
investigative
do sth without fear of /ˌɒp.əˈtjuː.nə.ti/ freelance work
/ɪnˈves.tɪ.gə.tɪv/
sanction payout /ˈpeɪ.aʊt/ general office skills
labour-saving
fight for dominance/ pesticide /ˈpes.tɪ.saɪd/ head office
/ˈleɪ.bəˌseɪ.vɪŋ/
domination pit /pɪt/ industrial action
mechanical /məˈkæn.ɪ.kəl/
have access to sth policy /ˈpɒl.ə.si/ job description
mobile /ˈməʊ.baɪl/
renew a subscription premium /ˈpriː.mi.əm/ job market
oversubscribed
reveal sources produce /prəˈdjuːs/ job offer
/ˌəʊ.və.səbˈskraɪbd/
revise a law promotion /prəˈməʊ.ʃən/ job opportunity
sensitive /ˈsen.sɪ.tɪv/
shop around prospect /ˈprɒs.pekt/ job satisfaction
targeted /ˈtɑːɡɪtɪd/
stay up-to-date queue /kjuː/ job security
undersubscribed
subscribe to redundancy /rɪˈdʌn.dən.si/ labour market
/ˌʌndəsəbˈskraɪbd/
tune in retail /ˈriː.teɪl/ migrant labour
unfiltered /ʌnˈfɪl.təd/
satisfaction minimum wage
ADVERBS Unit 40 /ˌsæt.ɪsˈfæk.ʃən/ public services
directly /daɪˈrekt.li/ security /sɪˈkjʊə.rɪ.ti/ retirement age
fundamentally site /saɪt/ work clothes
NOUNS
/ˌfʌn.dəˈmen.təl.i/ technology /tekˈnɒl.ə.dʒi/ work colleague
agriculture /ˈæg.rɪ.kʌl.tʃə/ tractor /ˈtræk.tə/
honestly /ˈɒn.ɪst.li/ work environment
balance /ˈbæl.əns/ unemployment
politically /pəˈlɪt.ɪ.kli/ work ethic
bill /bɪl/ /ˌʌn.ɪmˈplɔɪ.mənt/
thoroughly /ˈθʌr.ə.li/ work experience
construction venue /ˈven.juː/
undoubtedly /ʌnˈdaʊtɪdli/ work-life balance
/kənˈstrʌk.ʃən/ wholesale /ˈhəʊl.seɪl/
wholeheartedly work permit
contractor /kənˈtræk.tə/ workforce /ˈwɜːk.fɔːs/
/ˌhəʊlˈhɑː.tɪd.li/ work space
coverage /ˈkʌv.ər.ɪdʒ/ workload /ˈwɜːk.ləʊd/ youth unemployment
NOUN PHRASES description /dɪˈskrɪp.ʃən/ youth /juːθ/
communication device
drill /drɪl/ VERB PHRASES
education /ˌed.jʊˈkeɪ.ʃən/ VERBS be fired
diplomatic channels
enquiry /ɪnˈkwaɪə.ri/ acquire /əˈkwaɪə/ be made redundant
electronic device
entertainment bother /ˈbɒð.ə/ be out of work
explosive device
/en.təˈteɪn.mənt/ churn /tʃɜːn/ be passionate about sth
human rights
estate /ɪˈsteɪt/ dictate /dɪkˈteɪt/ be sacked
freedom of expression
ethic /ˈeθ.ɪk/ dismiss /dɪˈsmɪs/ be virtually non-existent
handheld device
executive /ɪgˈzek.jʊ.tɪv/ disturb /dɪˈstɜːb/ climb the corporate ladder
in-depth news analysis
expectations fire /faɪə/ churn out sth
internet blog
/ˌek.spekˈteɪ.ʃənz/ regret /rɪˈgret/ cover costs
investigative journalism
extraction /ɪkˈstræk.ʃən/ resign /rɪˈzaɪn/ fill a gap
labour-saving device
festival /ˈfes.tɪ.vəl/ retire /rɪˈtaɪə/ have prospects
mechanical device
harvest /ˈhɑː.vɪst/ sack /sæk/ lay sb off
media channel
high street /ˈhaɪ.striːt/ thrive /θraɪv/

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 not bother sb much succeed /səkˈsiːd/ set up a business lizard /ˈlɪz.əd/
pick up survey /ˈsɜː.veɪ/ seek out mackerel /ˈmæk.rəl/
spring up tumble /ˈtʌm.bl/ shoot up mammal /ˈmæm.əl/
take over from sb weaken /ˈwiː.kən/ material /məˈtɪə.ri.əl/
try in vain worsen /ˈwɜː.sən/ medicine /ˈmed.ɪ.sən/
Unit 42
newt /njuːt/
ADJECTIVES owl /aʊl/
Unit 41 alarming /əˈlɑː.mɪŋ/ NOUNS pack /pæk/
bust /bʌst/ aloe /ˈæl.əʊ/ paw /pɔː/
NOUNS disconcerting amphibian /æmˈfɪb.i.ən/ pod /pɒd/
crash /kræʃ/ /ˌdɪskənˈsɜːtɪŋ/ ant /ænt/ pollen /ˈpɒl.ən/
crisis /ˈkraɪ.sɪs/ disturbing /dɪˈstɜː.bɪŋ/ antennae /ænˈteniː/ pollination /ˌpɒl.əˈneɪ.ʃən/
debt /det/ jumpy /ˈdʒʌm.pi/ bark /bɑːk/ proportion /prəˈpɔː.ʃən/
downturn /ˈdaʊn.tɜːn/ overall /ˌəʊ.vəˈrɔːl/ basis /ˈbeɪ.sɪs/ pup /pʌp/
expenditure productive /prəˈdʌk.tɪv/ beak /biːk/ reptile /ˈrep.taɪl/
/ɪkˈspen.dɪ.tʃə/ troubling /ˈtrʌb.lɪŋ/ bud /bʌd/ roots /ruːts/
free fall /ˈfriː.fɔːl/ worldwide /ˌwɜːldˈwaɪd/ burrow /ˈbʌr.əʊ/ salmon /ˈsæm.ən/
income /ˈɪn.kʌm/ bush /bʊʃ/ scales /skeɪlz/
inflation /ɪnˈfleɪ.ʃən/ ADVERBS calf /kɑːf/ seed /siːd/
investment /ɪnˈvest.mənt/ dramatically chick /tʃɪk/ shark /ʃɑːk/
investor /ɪnˈves.tə/ /drəˈmæt.ɪ.kəl.i/ claw /klɔː/ shelter /ˈʃel.tə/
logo /ˈləʊ.gəʊ/ uncontrollably climate /ˈklaɪ.mət/ shoal /ʃəʊl/
non-essentials /ˌʌn.kənˈtrəʊ.lə.bli/ coal /kəʊl/ snake /sneɪk/
/ˌnɒn.ɪˈsen.tʃəlz/ tightly /ˈtaɪt.li/ colony /ˈkɒl.ə.ni/ soap /səʊp/
partner /ˈpɑːt.nə/ construction species /ˈspiː.ʃiːz/
NOUN PHRASES
partnership /ˈpɑːt.nə.ʃɪp/ /kənˈstrʌk.ʃən/ sting /stɪŋ/
pension /ˈpen.ʃən/ a double-edged sword cosmetic /kɒzˈmet.ɪk/ swallow /ˈswɒl.əʊ/
profit /ˈprɒf.ɪt/ an alarming rate cricket /ˈkrɪk.ɪt/ swarm /swɔːm/
rate /reɪt/ cost of living crocodile /ˈkrɒk.ə.daɪl/ theorist /ˈθɪə.rɪst/
recession /rɪˈseʃ.ən/ credit crunch crop /krɒp/ theory /ˈθɪə.ri/
retailer /ˈriː.teɪ.lə/ economic decline cub /kʌb/ timber /ˈtɪm.bə/
slump /slʌmp/ interest rate den /den/ toad /təʊd/
spending /ˈspen.dɪŋ/ pension fund ecosystem /ˈiː.kəʊˌsɪs.təm/ trunk /trʌŋk/
stock /stɒk/ stock market electricity /ɪˌlekˈtrɪs.ɪ.ti/ vertebrate /ˈvɜː.tɪ.brət/
sword /sɔːd/ VERB PHRASES enclosure /ɪnˈkləʊ.ʒə/ vulture /ˈvʌl.tʃə/
existence /ɪgˈzɪs.təns/ whale /weɪl/
VERBS be out of the woods extinction /ɪkˈstɪŋk.ʃən/ willow /ˈwɪl.əʊ/
climb /klaɪm/ be in a mess fang /fæŋ/ wolf /wʊlf/
cut /kʌt/ be in free fall feather /ˈfeð.ə/ yew /juː/
eke /iːk/ build a relationship foal /fəʊl/
establish /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/ cut sth to the bone fossil /ˈfɒs.əl/ VERBS
finance /ˈfaɪ.næns/ eke out frog /frɒg/ breed /briːd/
flourish /ˈflʌr.ɪʃ/ establish a business glue /gluː/ buzz /bʌz/
inch /ɪntʃ/ establish a relationship gills /ɡɪlz/ clone /kləʊn/
invest /ɪnˈvest/ focus on sth globe /gləʊb/ groom /gruːm/
launch /lɔːntʃ/ get jumpy grain /greɪn/ growl /graʊl/
lower /ˈləʊ.ə/ go bust grub /grʌb/ hatch /hætʃ/
maintain /meɪnˈteɪn/ have advantages over sb/sth habitat /ˈhæb.ɪ.tæt/ hibernate /ˈhaɪ.bə.neɪt/
produce /prəˈdjuːs/ hit hard herd /hɜːd/ hiss /hɪs/
prosper /ˈprɒs.pə/ inch up hive /haɪv/ hoot /huːt/
rate /reɪt/ keep up payments honey /ˈhʌn.i/ howl /haʊl/
reduce /rɪˈdjuːs/ keep a check on ingredient /ɪnˈgriː.di.ənt/ lay /leɪ/
rocket /ˈrɒk.ɪt/ maintain a relationship kennel /ˈken.əl/ mate /meɪt/
slash /slæʃ/ make ends meet kitten /ˈkɪt.ən/ migrate /maɪˈgreɪt/
soar /sɔː/ pay off (debts) leaf /liːf/ nest /nest/

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 poach /pəʊtʃ/ exotic plant poison /ˈpɔɪ.zən/ informal greeting
pollinate /ˈpɒl.ə.neɪt/ exotic animal profile /ˈprəʊ.faɪl/ letter of condolence
prey /preɪ/ flowering plant proliferation letter of resignation
purify /ˈpjʊə.rɪ.faɪ/ fresh air /prəˌlɪf.ərˈeɪ.ʃən/ long distances
rattle /ˈræt.l/ food web recipient /rɪˈsɪp.i.ənt/ multiple recipients
rear /rɪə/ fossil fuel relationship /rɪˈleɪ.ʃən.ʃɪp/ mutual friend
scramble /ˈskræm.bl/ furry animal reputation /ˌrep.jʊˈteɪ.ʃən/ personal friend
shed /ʃed/ harsh climate resignation /ˌrez.ɪgˈneɪ.ʃən/ poison-pen letter
slaughter /ˈslɔː.tə/ humid air text message
snarl /snɑːl/ humid climate VERBS true friend
theorise /ˈθɪə.raɪz/ marine animal befriend /bɪˈfrend/ social networking site
vaccinate /ˈvæk.sɪ.neɪt/ medicinal plant convey /kənˈveɪ/
mild climate create /kriˈeɪt/ VERB PHRASES
ADJECTIVES prescribed drugs express /ɪkˈspres/ be a lost art
aquatic /əˈkwæt.ɪk/ temperate climate reconnect /ˌriːkəˈnekt/ be a pleasure to be around
arid /ˈær.ɪd/ thin air share /ʃeə/ be on the move
carnivorous /kɑːˈnɪv.ər.əs/ the water cycle socialise /ˈsəʊ.ʃəl.aɪz/ brighten up
declining /dɪˈklaɪnɪŋ/ wild plant usurp /juːˈsɜːp/ cannot be bothered
domestic /dəˈmes.tɪk/ wild animal come across as
economic /iː.kəˈnɒm.ɪk/ ADJECTIVES create a new identity
exotic /ɪgˈzɒt.ɪk/ VERB PHRASES articulate /ɑːˈtɪk.jʊ.lət/ create an illusion
extinct /ɪkˈstɪŋkt/ beat about the bush automatic /ˌɔː.təˈmæt.ɪk/ create an impression
fluffy /ˈflʌf.i/ breed crops casual /ˈkæʒ.ju.əl/ dominate the conversation
forked /fɔːkt/ do sth single-handed dependable /dɪˈpen.də.bl/ do sth in person
furry /ˈfɜː.ri/ go to seed face-to-face /ˌfeɪs.təˈfeɪs/ end a friendship
harsh /hɑːʃ/ nip sth in the bud former /ˈfɔː.mə/ establish your credentials
humid /ˈhjuː.mɪd/ provide (sb with) sth frustrating /frʌsˈtreɪ.tɪŋ/ establish a network
medicinal /məˈdɪs.ɪ.nəl/ take sth for granted handwritten /ˌhændˈrɪt.ən/ establish a reputation
mild /maɪld/ turn over a new leaf heartfelt /ˈhɑːt.felt/ express feelings
nocturnal /nɒkˈtɜː.nəl/ heartrending /ˈhɑːtˌren.dɪŋ/ get in touch with your
omnivorous /ɒmˈnɪv.ər.əs/ informal /ɪnˈfɔː.məl/ emotions
Unit 43 loyal /ˈlɔɪ.əl/
pollinated /ˈpɒl.əneɪ.tɪd/ get in touch with reality
prescribed /prɪˈskraɪbd/ multiple /ˈmʌl.tɪ.pl/ require concentration
protected /prəˈtektɪd/ NOUNS mutual /ˈmjuː.tʃu.əl/ organise a social event
scaly /ˈskeɪ.li/ aspect /ˈæs.pekt/ permanent /ˈpɜː.mə.nənt/ pick up a skill
sharp /ʃɑːp/ buddy /ˈbʌd.i/ scathing /ˈskeɪ.ðɪŋ/ pick up an illness
temperate /ˈtem.pər.ət/ chore /tʃɔː/ scribbled /ˈskrɪb.əld/ pick up the phone
theoretical /θɪəˈret.ɪ.kəl/ chum /tʃʌm/ social /ˈsəʊ.ʃəl/ pick sb up
venomous /ˈven.ə.məs/ component /kəmˈpəʊ.nənt/ soppy /ˈsɒp.i/ share your thoughts
vital /ˈvaɪ.təl/ concentration supportive /səˈpɔː.tɪv/ share a passion
/ˌkɒn.sənˈtreɪ.ʃən/ tedious /ˈtiː.di.əs/ share your view
ADVERBS condolence /kənˈdəʊ.ləns/ thoughtful /ˈθɔːt.fəl/ socialise with sb
commonly /ˈkɒm.ən.li/ contact /ˈkɒn.tækt/ take sb/sth seriously
credential /krɪˈden.ʃəl/ ADVERBS
ramble on for hours
NOUN PHRASES ease /iːz/ hastily /ˈheɪ.stɪ.li/
animal rights feature /ˈfiː.tʃə/
aquatic plant forum /ˈfɔː.rəm/
NOUN PHRASES Unit 44
aquatic animal illusion /ɪˈluː.ʒən/ automatic response
arid climate invoice /ˈɪn.vɔɪs/ casual friendship NOUNS
clean air mate /meɪt/ childhood friend agriculture /ˈæg.rɪ.kʌl.tʃə/
cold air member /ˈmem.bə/ ease of use biodiversity
cold climate network /ˈnet.wɜːk/ fair-weather friend /ˌbaɪ.əʊ.daɪˈvɜː.sɪ.ti/
domestic animal pal /pæl/ former friend coastline /ˈkəʊst.laɪn/
endangered animal petition /pəˈtɪʃ.ən/ greeting card conservation
food production pleasure /ˈpleʒ.ə/ hastily scribbled (note) /ˌkɒn.səˈveɪ.ʃən/

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 cultivation /ˌkʌl.tɪˈveɪ.ʃən/
defoliation
/ˌdiː.fəʊ.liˈeɪ.ʃən/
deforestation
/diːˌfɒr.ɪˈsteɪ.ʃən/
density /ˈden.sɪ.ti/
ecosystem /ˈiː.kəʊˌsɪs.təm/
erosion /ɪˈrəʊ.ʒən/
estuary /ˈes.tjʊə.ri/
extinction /ɪkˈstɪŋk.ʃən/
fishery /ˈfɪʃ.ər.i/
formation /fɔːˈmeɪ.ʃən/
habitat /ˈhæb.ɪ.tæt/
identification
/aɪˌden.tɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/
identity /aɪˈden.tɪ.ti/
intensification
/ɪnˌten.sɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/
intensity /ɪnˈten.sɪ.ti/
landfill /ˈlænd.fɪl/
modification
/ˌmɒd.ɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/
organism /ˈɔː.gən.ɪ.zəm/
overfishing /ˌəʊ.və.ˈfɪʃ.ɪŋ/
overgrazing /ˈəʊ.vər. ɡreɪzɪŋ/
overpopulation
/ˌəʊ.vəˌpɒp.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/
population /ˌpɒp.jʊˈleɪ.ʃən/
purification
/ˌpjʊə.rɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/
reforestation
/ˌriː.fɒr.ɪˈsteɪ.ʃən/
regeneration
/rɪˌdʒen.ərˈeɪ.ʃən/
salinity /səˈlɪn.ɪ.ti/
simplification
/ˌsɪm.plɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/
soil /sɔɪl/
solidification
/səˌlɪd.ɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/
symbol /ˈsɪm.bəl/
threaten /ˈθret.ən/
weed /wiːd/
VERBS
erode /ɪˈrəʊd/
install /ɪnˈstɔːl/
intensify /ɪnˈten.sɪ.faɪ/
modify /ˈmɒd.ɪ.faɪ/
overpopulate
/ˌəʊ.vəˈpɒp.jə.leɪt/
populate /ˈpɒp.jʊ.leɪt/
purify /ˈpjʊə.rɪ.faɪ/
refresh /rɪˈfreʃ/
regenerate /rɪˈdʒen.ər.eɪt/
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renew /rɪˈnjuː/
replace /rɪˈpleɪs/
restore /rɪˈstɔː/
simplify /ˈsɪm.plɪ.faɪ/
solidify /səˈlɪd.ɪ.faɪ/
ADJECTIVES
abstract /ˈæb.strækt/
agricultural
/ˌæg.rɪˈkʌl.tʃər.əl/
biodegradable
/ˌbaɪ.əʊ.dɪˈgreɪ.dɪ.bl/
costly /ˈkɒst.li/
dense /dens/
eroded /ɪˈrəʊdɪd/
erosive /ɪˈrəʊ.sɪv/
fertile /ˈfɜː.taɪl/
inland /ˈɪn.lənd/
intense /ɪnˈtens/
intensive /ɪnˈten.sɪv/
introduced /ˌɪn.trəˈdʒuːst/
invasive /ɪnˈveɪ.sɪv/
modified /ˈmɒdɪfaɪd/
native /ˈneɪ.tɪv/
nuclear /ˈnjuː.klɪə/
overpopulated
/ˌəʊ.vəˈpɒp.jʊ.leɪ.tɪd/
populated /ˈpɒp.jəleɪ.tɪd/
recyclable /ˌriːˈsaɪ.klə.bl/
renewable /rɪˈnjuː.ə.bl/
regenerated
/rɪˈdʒen.əreɪ.tɪd/
unwanted /ʌnˈwɒn.tɪd/
urban /ˈɜː.bən/
wasteful /ˈweɪst.fəl/
NOUN PHRASES
agricultural land
coastal erosion
commercial agriculture
habitat modification
green living
intensive agriculture
invasive species
local farmer
marine population
native species
nuclear accident
oil spill
programme of regeneration
renewable resource
river mouth
soil erosion
urban development
waste treatment
VERB PHRASES
be threatened with
extinction
be wasteful of (energy)
save the planet
wear sth away
wipe out species
Unit 45
NOUNS
advance /ədˈvɑːns/
aftershock /ˈɑːf.tə.ʃɒk/
anatomy /əˈnæt.ə.mi/
ancestor /ˈæn.ses.tə/
anthropology
/ˌæn.θrəˈpɒl.ə.dʒi/
antibiotic /ˌæn.ti.baɪˈɒt.ɪk/
archaeology /ˌɑː.kiˈɒl.ə.dʒi/
asteroid /ˈæs.tər.ɔɪd/
astronomy /əˈstrɒn.ə.mi/
atmosphere /ˈæt.mə.sfɪə/
battery /ˈbæt.ər.i/
behaviour /bɪˈheɪ.vjə/
bone /bəʊn/
breakthrough /ˈbreɪk.θruː/
carnivore /ˈkɑː.nɪ.vɔː/
characteristic
/ˌkær.ɪk.təˈrɪs.tɪk/
chemical /ˈkem.ɪ.kəl/
chromosome
/ˈkrəʊ.mə.səʊm/
comet /ˈkɒm.ɪt/
conclusion /kənˈkluː.ʒən/
custom /ˈkʌs.təm/
dig /dɪg/
disappearance
/ˌdɪs.əˈpɪə.rəns/
disease /dɪˈziːz/
discovery /dɪˈskʌv.ər.i/
drawback /ˈdrɔː.bæk/
earthquake /ˈɜːθ.kweɪk/
ecology /ɪˈkɒl.ə.dʒi/
emission /ɪˈmɪʃ.ən/
expectancy /ɪkˈspek.tən.si/
finding /ˈfaɪn.dɪŋ/
funding /ˈfʌn.dɪŋ/
galaxy /ˈgæl.ək.si/
genetics /dʒəˈnet.ɪks/
heredity /həˈred.ə.ti/
humidity /hjuːˈmɪd.ɪ.ti/
hurricane /ˈhʌr.ɪ.kən/
instinct /ˈɪn.stɪŋkt/
intelligence /ɪnˈtel.ɪ.dʒəns/
invention /ɪnˈven.ʃən/
joint /dʒɔɪnt/
magma /ˈmæg.mə/
memory /ˈmem.ər.i/
meteorology
/ˌmiː.ti.ərˈɒl.ə.dʒi/
microchip /ˈmaɪ.krəʊ.tʃɪp/
mind /maɪnd/
mutation /mjuːˈteɪ.ʃən/
nebular /ˈneb.jə.lə/
obstacle /ˈɒb.stɪ.kl/
orbit /ˈɔː.bɪt/
organ /ˈɔː.gən/
outcome /ˈaʊt.kʌm/
penicillin /ˌpen.əˈsɪl.ɪn/
petrol /ˈpet.rəl/
phenomenon
/fəˈnɒm.ɪ.nən/
prediction /prɪˈdɪk.ʃən/
pressure /ˈpreʃ.ə/
prey /preɪ/
psychology /saɪˈkɒl.ə.dʒi/
range /reɪndʒ/
reaction /riˈæk.ʃən/
remains /rɪˈmeɪnz/
sanitation /ˌsæn.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən/
seismology /saɪzˈmɒl.ə.dʒi/
settlement /ˈset.l.mənt/
shortage /ˈʃɔː.tɪdʒ/
spine /spaɪn/
taboo /təˈbuː/
technology /tekˈnɒl.ə.dʒi/
tremor /ˈtrem.ə/
tribe /traɪb/
variation /ˌveə.riˈeɪ.ʃən/
vein /veɪn/
venom /ˈvenəm/
volcano /vɒlˈkeɪ.nəʊ/
warfare /ˈwɔː.feə/
zoology /zuːˈɒl.ə.dʒi/
VERBS
ascertain /ˌæs.əˈteɪn/
cause /kɔːz/
conduct /kənˈdʌkt/
contradict /ˌkɒn.trəˈdɪkt/
demonstrate
/ˈdem.ən.streɪt/
determine /dɪˈtɜː.mɪn/
disprove /dɪˈspruːv/
erupt /ɪˈrʌpt/
hypothesise
/haɪˈpɒθ.ə.saɪz/
maintain /meɪnˈteɪn/
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 observe /əbˈzɜːv/ VERB PHRASES
overcome /ˌəʊ.vəˈkʌm/ be vulnerable to disease
predict /prɪˈdɪkt/ carry out research
prove /pruːv/ cause a chemical reaction
review /rɪˈvjuː/ conduct research
speculate /ˈspek.jʊ.leɪt/ overcome a problem
suggest /səˈdʒest/ set off a chemical reaction
trigger /ˈtrɪg.ə/ take in (what sb says)
undertake /ˌʌn.dəˈteɪk/ take off (commercially)
ADJECTIVES take sb off (medication)
take on (staff)
catastrophic
take over (a business)
/ˌkæt.əˈstrɒf.ɪk/
take sb through (a
clinical /ˈklɪn.ɪ.kəl/
procedure)
effective /ɪˈfek.tɪv/
take sb up (on an offer)
nervous /ˈnɜː.vəs/
take sth up (as a career)
nuclear /ˈnjuː.klɪə/
trigger a chemical reaction
scientific /ˌsaɪənˈtɪf.ɪk/
undertake research
significant /sɪgˈnɪf.ɪ.kənt/
unexpected
/ˌʌn.ɪkˈspek.tɪd/
vulnerable /ˈvʌl.nər.ə.bl/
NOUN PHRASES
birth control
branch of science
cause and effect
chemical reaction
climate change
clinical trial
common characteristic
countless lives
digital device
electric lighting
family car
food production
gas emissions
healthcare
laser surgery
life expectancy
major obstacle
medical advances
modern life
nervous system
nuclear energy
petrol tank
scientific breakthrough
significant advance
significant breakthrough
significant development
significant discovery
significant drawback
space shuttle
space station
unexpected finding

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