Autumn Semester 2021

09 August

CE 309: Engineering Geology

L - T - P – Credits
2-1-0-3

Gourab Sil, Ph.D.

Room no: 405, Dept. of Civil Engg.
Email: gourabsil@iiti.ac.in
Do’s

✓Interactive

✓Participate in-class exercises

✓Note and clear your doubt

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Don’ts

✓Miss class

✓Miss any test/ assignment

✓Copy

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Let’s Start !

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Geology

֎The study of the solid Earth.

❑The science that deals with:

• Origin or History
• Age
• Composition
• Internal structure
• Surface features

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Geology

Processes taking place inside the Earth. Discovering its mineral wealth.

Techniques to preserve the Earth. 6

Geology

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Geology

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Engineering Geology

❑The application of knowledge of geological sciences to civil

engineering projects, e.g., dams, reservoirs, tunnels, highways,
airports, etc.
❑Can be defined as the application of geological data, techniques,
and principles for the study of:
• Naturally occurring rock and soil materials, and surface and sub-
surface fluids.
• Geological factors affecting the location, planning, design,
construction, and maintenance of engineering structures.
• Recognition, protection, development and remediation of
groundwater resources.
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Scope in Civil Engineering

Geologist Vs. Civil Engineer

❑Infrastructure Development
o Planning
o Design
o Construction

• The feasibility, the planning and design, the construction and costing, and
the safety of a project depend critically on the assessment of geology by
the civil engineer.
• The success of a civil engineering project is totally dependent on the
findings based upon geological investigations.
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Scope in Civil Engineering

• Dam • Pipelines (oil, gas, water)

• Power plants
• Buildings
• Airports
• Highways
• Embankments
• Bridges • Retaining structures

• Tunnel

• Railway

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Scope in Civil Engineering
Most of the projects
• Excavation of soils and rocks
• Loading the Earth
• Excavated rocks used as constructional material, motorway
cutting / site for a reservoir

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Role of a Civil Engineer

INVESTIGATION OF A SITE
• Suitability and characteristics of sites needs to be
investigated
Why?
• Design and construction of civil engineering structure
• Security of structures in the vicinity
Expressway Metro Bridge

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Role of a Civil Engineer
❑A lack of knowledge about the nature of the
ground conditions and other factors may cost
lives, money, and result in the consequential
delay in completing the project.

❑ A sound knowledge: to understand, analyzing and critically discussing,

the geological reports prepared by geologists.

❑ As an engineer the principal objective is to prevent disasters, protect

and save lives, design structures to prevent damage caused by geologic
conditions.

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Stages of systematic exploration and
investigation of a new site
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1. Preliminary Investigation

1. Published information
2. Existing data

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2. A Detailed Geological Survey

Photogeology study

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2.1 Surface Geology

Geologic maps
• This is a fundamental tool
for earth scientists

Show:
• The types and ages of
rocks
• Younger deposits
• Faults and folds
• Cross sections
• Other regional or local
features
• Map units/scale
It generally shown on a base map, which shows topography, water, and
other landmarks.
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3. Applied geophysical surveys

To get information about the subsurface

geology:
• Subsurface geology is the study of the physical
properties and location of rock and soil found below the
ground surface.
• Reason to know: Understanding the materials under
the man-made structures.

*These studies are commonly called geotechnical reports and are critical for
building structures safely in areas with geologic hazards.

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3.1 Subsurface Geology

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4. Drilling, Boring, and Excavation

• To provide confirmation of the previous results,

and quantitative detail, at critical points on site.

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5. Testing of Soils and Rocks

• Assessment of the suitability in terms of

mechanical properties.

Soil mechanics

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Engineering Judgment

1) A site underlain by clastic sedimentary rocks consist entirely of

sandstones.
2) Clastic sedimentary rocks include a variety of different rock types, such
as conglomerates, sandstones and shales or mudstones.

Homogeneous
Combination
Each of these rock types has different engineering properties, which could affect: core
drilling into, and excavation of, the rock mass, and deep piling into the underlying strata.

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Geological disciplines

• Mineralogy—identification of different types of minerals and study of their

physical and optical properties;
• Petrology—dealing with different types of rocks;

• Structural geology—concerned with structures of rocks;

• Physical geology—involving natural forces that bring about changes
upon the Earth’s surface;
• Geomorphology—study of the effects of weathering (physical
disintegration, chemical decomposition, and biological activity) and
subsequent erosion due to natural agencies such as sea, river, wind, and
moving glaciers; and
• Hydrology—study of water resources.

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Next Class

• Next

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