MYSTICAL ROSE COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Pogonlomboy, Mangatarem, Pangasinan

Mobile No.: 0920-964-4762
LEARNER's MODULE IN RESEARCH IN DAILY LIFE 2
(MODULE 2)
KEY TOPICS OF MODULE:
This module contains the following lesson/s:
Lesson No. Title/Topic No. of
hours
1 Strengths Of Quantitative Research, Approaches In Conducting A Research And Similarities
& Differences Of Qualitative Research And Quantitative Research
2 weeks
2 Importance Of Quantitative Research Across Different Fields, Kinds Of Quantitative
Research And Kinds Of Variables
Week 1: Strengths of Quantitative Research, Approaches In Conducting A Research And Similarities & Differences Of
Qualitative Research And Quantitative Research
Strengths of Quantitative Research
Quantitative research can test and validate the already constructed theories about how and why phenomena occur.
Before a quantitative research is conducted, a researcher has already the target answer to his research question. A
researcher starts with a SCRATCH.

 Descriptive research has no hypothesis but still applies statistical tools which are purely descriptive such as
standard deviation, frequency, percentage and mean.
 Inferential quantitative researches require hypotheses which can be tested using t-test, z-test, analysis of
variance (ANOVA), chi-square, Spearman’s Rho, Pearson r and regression. All qualitative researches don’t
require hypothesis. Thus, they don’t test hypothesis.
Weaknesses of Quantitative Research
Quantitative research involves difficulty in data analysis. It is also known as Statistical research. Statistical treatment of
data can only be done by Statistician.
Quantitative research requires extra resources to analyze the findings/results.
A RESEARCHER NEEDS TO HIRE:
 Statistician
 Tabulator
 Critic Reader
 Other Research Consultants

Approaches Applied in Conducting a Research

Inductive Approach is also known as bottom-up
approach. It starts with the observations and theories
are proposed towards the end of the research
process as a result of personal reflection.
Qualitative Research is inductive since the researcher starts with the observations and the new theory or insight is
generated towards the end of the research process. The researcher starts from a SCRATCH, a completely open mind
without any preconceived ideas of what will be found.
Deductive Approach is also known as top-down approach. It usually begins with a hypothesis. Its emphasis is generally
on causality. It starts with general idea to specific investigations of a certain phenomenon. It is usually associated with
quantitative research.
Quantitative Research is deductive as it starts from an already constructed theory or principle. The researcher begins
with a hypothesis or already constructed theory. He focuses on exploring the previously researched phenomenon from
different perspectives.
Nature of Quantitative Research
Quantitative research emphasizes the expressions such as numerical forms, objective measurements, statistical or
mathematical methods of collecting data through polls, closed-ended questionnaires and surveys. Numbers, scales,
hypotheses, calculations, computations and statistics are applied in quantitative research.
The researcher employs standard criteria in analyzing data.
Quantitative research is also known as Statistical Research.

CLOSED-ENDED QUESTIONS are questions that can only be answered by selecting from a limited number of options,
usually “multiplechoice”, “yes or no”, or a rating scale (e.g. from strongly agree to strongly disagree)

They are the foundation of all statistical analysis techniques applied on questionnaires and surveys for quantitative
research.
Quantitative Research versus Qualitative Research
Research Aspects Qualitative Research Quantitative Research
Mental survey of Results from social interactions; Superstitious Exists in the physical world (can be seen,
reality Results from beliefs, folk narratives, folklores, fables, legends, touched, tasted, smelled or felt); Has
social interactions; and the like can be subjects of qualitative research. scientific basis
Focus Often studies unknown or littleknown phenomena; Always studies well-known phenomena; Tests
Development of hypotheses and theories hypotheses and theories
Research Plan Takes place as the research proceeds gradually Research aspects are all planned before
collecting data.
Research method in Multiple methods such as interview, focus group Scientific method (one to two methods only)
obtaining discussion, participant observation, participatory such as descriptive or descriptive
knowledge rapid appraisal (immersion), etc. comparative or descriptive correlational
Expression of data, Expression of data, data analysis, and findings Expression of data, data analysis, and findings
data analysis, and
findings

IMPORTANCE OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH ACROSS DIFFERENT FIELDS, KINDS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH AND
KINDS OF VARIABLES
Importance of Quantitative Research across Fields A progress cannot exist without inquiry.
Quantitative Research and Anthropology
Anthropology is the scientific study of humans, their behavior and societies in the past. Quantitative researches have
given huge contributions to the improvement of human life. Anthropology is concerned with simultaneously exploring of
connections of human kinds amidst their cultural differences, alternatives and identity.
Quantitative Research and Communication
Communication is the act of conveying meanings from one entity or group to another through the use of mutually
understood signs, symbols, and semiotic rules. The primary purpose of communication research is to help people
understand communication phenomena and direct their communication towards accomplishing individual and
organizational goals.
Quantitative Research and Medicine
Medical research aims to advance our knowledge to prevent and cure health problems. It can provide important
information about disease trends and risk factors, outcomes of treatment or public health interventions
Quantitative Research and Social Science
Social Science is the scientific study of human society and social relationships. It provides vital information for
governments and policymakers, local authorities and non-governmental research is the activity of gathering, analyzing
and interpreting information for a variety of social, economic, educational and political purposes.
Quantitative Research and Psychology
Psychology is the scientific study of the human mind and behavior. It is a multifaceted discipline which includes many
sub-fields of study such as human development, social behavior and cognitive process.
Two Kinds of Quantitative Research
1. Experimental Research
2. Non-experimental Research
Research Common Types of Quantitative Non-experimental Researches
1. Descriptive Research
2. Comparative Research
3. Correlational Research
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH is a quantitative research that treats or deals with the object or subject of the research in a
definite or exact manner and it determines the extent of the effect or influence of the treatment on the object or
subject, then discovers the causes of such effect. It involves an experimentation to test the impact of the independent
variable to the dependent variable.
 RESEARCH VARIABLE is a changing quality, attribute or characteristic of a person, a group, an educational system, or
any topic that is of interest in a study.
Three Common Types of Variables
1. INDEPENDENT VARIABLE is the variable the researcher/experimenter changes or controls and is assumed to have a
direct effect on the dependent variable. It gives effect to the dependent variable. In other words, it is the cause of the
effect to the dependent variable. It is the variable that is stable and unaffected by the other variables. It also refers to
the condition of an experiment that is systematically manipulated by the investigator. It is also known as the stimulus or
predictor variable.
2. DEPENDENT VARIABLE is the variable being tested and measured in an experiment, and is ‘dependent’ on the
independent variable. It receives the effect caused by the independent variable. It is also known as the outcome or
response variable.
3. INTERVENING VARIABLE is a hypothetical variable used to explain causal links between variables. Intervening
variables cannot be observed in an experimental research. Usually, it can be observed in correlational research. That’s
why, they are hypothetical. Examples of intervening variables are age, gender, income, religion, tribe, educational
qualification, experience and nationality (demographic profile of respondents).
WEEK 2: GROUPS INVOLVED IN AN EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH AND NATURE OF CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH
OBJECTIVES:
Two Groups Involved in an Experimental Research
1. Experimental Group. In this group, treatment or influence is applied. For educational experimental research, modern
teaching strategy is treated in this group. Students assigned in this group are exposed to new instructional approach
aside from the interactive lecture method. A researcher-developed activity sheets are given to the students.
2. Control Group. This group does not receive any treatment or manipulation. For educational experimental research,
traditional teaching strategy (pure chalk and talk instructional approach) is subjected in this group. No activity sheets are
distributed to the students who belong to this group. Pure chalkboard exercises and seatwork are given to the students.
Correlational Research is a type of non-experimental research in which the researcher measures the two variables and
investigates the statistical relationship between them.
Non-experimental Research particularly Correlational Research is dynamic. Statistical patterns between two variables
that result from correlational research are ever-changing. Correlational results change depending upon to the setting of
the study. For instance, previous research reveals that there is a relationship between bullying and teen depression.
However, another research shows that teen depression is not influenced by bullying. It further indicates that there are
several factors of teen depression. But bullying is not among them. This only means that the relationship generated from
previously investigated research variables are not stable. They vary from one setting to another.
Positive Correlational Research is a type of correlational research in which an increase/decrease in independent
variable is associated with an increase/decrease also in dependent variable. In other words, both the independent and
dependent variables move in the same direction.
Negative Correlational Research is a type of correlational research whereby an increase in independent variable is
associated in a decrease in dependent variable.

Examples of Positive Correlational Research

1. Research Title: Emotional Intelligence and Leadership Qualities of School Principals
“If the extent of emotional intelligence of school principals increases, then the extent of their leadership qualities
also increases. In layman’s language, the better the emotional intelligence of school heads, the better their
leadership qualities are.”
2. Research Title: Impact of School-Based Mentoring Program on the Performance of Teachers
“If there is a better implementation of school-based mentoring program, then there is a big opportunity for the
teachers to improve their teaching performance
Examples of Negative Correlational Research
1. Research Title: Effect of Online Games on Students’ Study Habits
“The higher the level of students’ addiction to online games, the lesser the level of their study habits.”
2. Research Title: Parenting Styles and Disruptive Behavior of Students
“The better the parenting styles of parents, the lesser the disruptive behavior of their children.

Prepared by:
Adelfa S. Solomon, LPT
 MYSTICAL ROSE COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Pogonlomboy, Mangatarem, Pangasinan
Mobile No.: 0920-964-4762

LEARNER's MODULE IN RESEARCH IN DAILY LIFE 2

(MODULE 2 WORKSHEET)
NAME: ________________________________ SCORE:____________
SECTION: ______________________________

DIRECTION: ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN A PARAGRAPH FORM .

1. What are the strengths of quantitative research?
2. Specify two weaknesses of quantitative research and explain each.
3. Why qualitative research is personally engaged?
4. Quantitative research is also known as statistical research. Why?
5. Compare and contrast quantitative research and qualitative research.
6. Explain the importance of quantitative research across the following fields:
a. Anthropology
b. Communication
c. Medicine
d. Psychology
e. Social Science

Prepared by:
Adelfa S. Solomon, LPT
(Subject teacher)