Problem: Reciprocating pump

Example 1
Work done=W(Hs+Hd)
Single acting
Piston area A=1.5 Sq ft
Stroke =Stoke length=Piston length=12 inch= 1 ft
Cross sectional area of delivery pipe=ad= 0.3 sq ft
Total head Hs+Hd=40 ft
Pump speed n=60 rpm
Water lifted Q= 550 galon/min
Required:
Slip=?
Coefficient of discharge= ?
Theoretical horse power=?
Solution:
Volume of piston=Areax length=1.5*1=1.5 cubic ft= volume of water swept by the
piston
Theoretical volume pumped per second=1.5*60/60=1.5 ft 3
Actual volume =550 galon/min= 550/ (60*6.24)=1.47 ft3
Slip = Theoretical volume pumped per second- Actual volume pumped per second
=1.5-1.47= 0.03 ft3/Sec
=(.03/1.5)*100=2 percent
Coeficient of discharge = W/62.4 ALn
Actual discharge/ Theoretical discharge=1.47/1.5=*100= 98%
Horse power = work done/550={(550/60)*40*10}/550=6.67 horse power
Totsl pressure head =40 ft
Example 2. Page 566: Acceleration Head in suction stroke = l/g*fA/a=( l/g)
(A/a)ω2r cosΦ
Plunger diameter Dp=5 inch , Stroke lenghth=1 ft; Length of suction pipe Ls=30 ft
Ds=3 inch: n=30 rpm Hs=10 ft; ω=2πN/60
Acceleration Head at the beginning of the stroke= Has= =( ls/g)(A/as)ω2r cosΦ
=(30/32.2) (5/3)2* (2*3.14*30/60)2 x.5=1275 ft of water
Pressure head in the cylinder=34-(HS-Ha)=34 –(10+12.75)=34-22.75=11.25 ft of
water
Example 3 page 567:
Single acting pump
Piston diameter Dp=6 inch, crank radius , r=1 ft diameter of delivery pipe =3 inch
; Length =100 ft
Hd= 100 ft …..Absolute preesure=8 ft of water
Solution:
As the assumption is separation will take place at an Absolute preesure=8 ft of
water
Hd+34-Ha=8
Ha=Hd+34-8=100+(34-8)=100+26=126 ft of water
Ha= =( ld/g)(A/ad)ω2r=
126=(100/32.2)*(6/3)2* ω2* x1
ω2=126/{=(100/32.2)*(6/3)2}
ω=3.22 radians per second =2πn/60=3.22
n=(3.22*60)/(2*3.14)=30.6 r.p.m.
Example 4: A single-acting pump has a stroke of 1 ft and a piston diameter of 6
in. The center of the pump is 15 ft above the level of water and 100 ft below the
delivery water level. The length of the suction and delivery pipes are 20 ft and
120 ft, respectively, and their diameters are 3 in. The coefficient of friction for
those pipes is 0.01. If the pump is working at 30 r.p.m., find the pressure head on
the piston at the beginning, middle, and end of both strokes, and find the horse
power required to drive the pump. (Ignore the velocity head of the discharge
water.)
Solution: L=2r; r=L/2
1. Suction Stroke
Acceleration head at the end of the stroke
Has =( ls/g)(A/as)ω2r= (20/32.2)(6/3)2* (2πN/60)2*1/2
=(20/32.2)(4)(2*3.14*30/60) 2*(.5) = 12.3 ft of water
=(0.62)*4*(9.85)*.5=12.22
Friction head at middle of the stroke, Hfs=(4fls/ds2g){(A/as) ω r}2
= (4*.01*20)/(.25*2*32.2){ (4*(2*3.14*30/60)*0.5}2
=1.96 ft of water
Pressure at the beginning of the of stroke =Hs+Ha
=15+12.3= 27.3 ft of water
Pressure at the middle of the stroke , =Hs+Hf
=15+1.96=16.96 ft of water
Pressure at the end of the stroke = Hs-Ha=15-12.3=2.7 ft of water
 2. Delivery Stroke
Hd=100 ft
Ld=120 ft

Acceleration head at the end of the stroke

Had =( ld/g)(A/ad)ω2r=
=(120/32.2)(6/3) 2(2*3.14*30/60)2*(.5)= 73.8 ft of water
Friction head At middle of the stroke, Hfd=(4fld/dd2g){(A/ad) ωr}2
= (4*.01*120)/(.25*2*32.2){ (4*(2*3.14*30/60)*.5} 2
=11.75 ft of water
Pressure head at the beginning of stroke =Hd+Ha=100+73.8=173.8 ft of water
Pressure head at the middle of stroke =Hd+Hf=100+11.75=111.75 ft of water
Pressure head at the end of stroke =Hd-Ha= 100-73.8=26.2 ft of water
Work done per stroke=Pxarea x length=wH x volume of cylinder
=weight of water per stroke xH
Weight of water per stroke= W= 62.4 x {π/4 (.5)2) x 1=12.25 ft-Ib
Work done during suction stroke= W( Hs+2/3Hfs)=W{15+ (2/3)* 1.96}
=16.31 x 12.25= 199.79
Work done during delivery stroke= W( Hd+2/3Hfd)
=12.25{100+2/3(11.75)}=12.25 x 107.8 =
=1320.55
Total work done per revolution = 199.79+ 1320.55=12.25 x 124.1=1520.34 ft-Ib
Horse power required= (Total work done per revolution x speed)/(550*60)
=(1520 *30)/33000
=1.38
Exercise1 Water raised to a height of 60 ft by a single acting pump having a bore
of 6 in. and a stroke of 12 in. If the pump has a speed of 40 r.p.m., find the
theoretical horse power required and the theoretical discharge. Neglect all losses.
Given : Total Head=H= 60 ft
Required:
diameter =6 inch=.5 ft
Theoretical Horse power=?
Stroke length L= 12 inch=1 ft
Theoretical discharge, Q=?
Speed, N=40 r.p.m.
Solutotion:
For horse power we need work done,
For work done we need volume of water and total head
Volume= Area x Length = π d2/4 x L=(3.14* (.5)2)/4* 1
=(3.14*0.25)/4*1=0.196 ft3
Weight of water per stroke= 62.4* volume of water=62.4*0.196= 12.25 Ib
Work done per stroke =WH= 12.25*60= 734.76 ft-Ib
Horse power =( work done x speed)/(550*60)=(734.76*40)/33000= 0.89
Theoretical discharge Q= volume of water (ft3) x 6.24 galon/min
= ALN x 6.24
={(3.14*.25*1)/4}*(40*6.24)=3.14*.25*10*6.24=48.98 gallon/min
Exercise 2: If the pump in question 1 has an actual discharge of 47 gal/min, find
the percentage slip and the coefficient of discharge,
Solution : Slip={( Qth-Qact)/ Qth} x 100=[ (48.98-47)/48.98] x 100
=(1.98/48.98)*100= 4.0%
Coefficient of discharge Cd= Qact/Qth =47/48.98=0.96

Exercise 3: If the pump in question 1 have delivery pipe of 4 in dia, and a length
of 50 ft, find the acceleration head at the beginning of the stroke when no air
vessel is fitted.
Ha =(l/g) x (A/a) ω2r
 =(50/32.2)(6/4)2 (2π N/60)2 x .5 = (50/32.2) (1.5) 2 *(2*3.14*40/60)2* 0.5
= 1.55 *2.25*17.52*.5=30.56 ft of water

Exercise 5. A double acting reciprocating pump (Cylinder 4 in diameter, stroke 6

in) makes 120 strokes per minutes. It draws water from a sump, the surface of
which is 6 ft below the center of the pump cylinder. If the total length of the
suction pipe is 18 ft, and the diameter 2 in, determine the absolute pressure, in
pounds per square inch of the water in the cylinder a) at the beginning. B) at
middle, and c) at the end of the suction stroke, there being no air vessel on the
suction pipe. Sketch the probable diagram for the stroke. State if cavitation is
likely to occur and give reason.
Solution L=6 in=0.5 in; r=.5/2=.25; Hs=60 ft
Ha = Has =( ls/g)(A/as)ω2r= (18/32.2)(4/2)2* (2πN/60)2* 0.25
=(18/32.2)(4)(2*3.14*60/60) 2*(.5) =
=(0.559) (4*39.43*0.25= 0.559*78.87= 22.04 ft of water
Friction head At middle of the stroke, Hfs=(4fls/ds2g){(A/as) ωr}2
= (4*.01*18)/(0.166*64.4){ (4*2*3.14*1*.25} 2
= (0.72/10.73)*39.43
= 0.067 *39.43=2.64 ft of water
Pressure of water 2.31 feet of head = 1 PSI. 
Pressure at the beginning of the of stroke =34-(Hs+Ha)= 34-(6+22.04)=34-
28.04=5.96 ft of water =55.96/2.31 psi=2.58 psi
Pressure at the middle of the stroke , =Hs+Hf
=34-(6+ 2.64)=34-8.64 =25.36 ft of water=10.98
psi
Pressure at the end of the stroke = 34-(Hs-Ha)=34-(6- 22.04)=34-(-16.04)=
50.04 =21.66 Pound per square inch
Pump efficiency=ŋ = (Pump head (H)* flow rate (Q))/(367*motor power (KW)

Exercise 6. The bore and stroke of a single acting reciprocating pump are 4 inch.
and 8 inch, respectively. And the plunger has simple harmonic motion. The
suction pipe is 13/4 inch in diameter and 14 ft long. And the center of the pump is
12 ft above the water in the sump. Determine the theoretical speed, in revolution
per minute, at which there will be cavitation. Assuming it to occur when the
pressure falls below 4 Ib/ in2.
D=4 in
L=8 in
ds =13/4 inch= 3.25 inch
Ls= 14 ft
Hs= 12ft
Cavitation pressure head =4 psi=4*2.31=9.24 ft of water
Pressure head at the beginning =Hs+Ha=9.24=12+Ha
Ha= 12-9.24 =2.76

Solution: Ha =(Ls/g) x(A/as)x ω2r

2.76=(14/32.2) (4/3.25)2x (2πN/60)2x0.333
(2πN/60)2= (2.76)/(1.51*0.434*0.33=2.76/0.216= 12.74
2πN/60 =3.56
N=(3.56*60)/ 2π=33.84 rpm (73)
Exercise 11. In A single acting reciprocating pump, the plunger of a reciprocating
pump moves in a simple harmonic motion, diameter of 12 inch and a stroke of 2
ft. The suction pipe line is 9 inch in diameter and 80 ft long and the suction lift is
14 ft. calculate the maximum speed of the pump at which the pump can operate
without cavitation at the beginning of the stroke. Take the effective height of
barometer is 28 ft of water.
Exercise 12. A single acting reciprocating pump has a cylinder diameter of 9 inch;
the suction pipe line is 9 inch in diameter and 60 ft long. The height of the pimp
above the level of water in the suction sump is 15 ft. If the stroke is 18 inch, and if
the motion is harmonic motion, at what speed cavitation will occur at the
beginning of the stroke? Take the effective height of barometer is 30 ft of water.