Schematic diagram of basic

elements of centrifugal
pump
 Centrifugal Pumps
• Broad range of applicable flows and heads
• Higher heads can be achieved by increasing the
diameter or the rotational speed of the impeller

Flow Expansion
Discharge
Casing
Suction Eye Impeller
Impeller
Vanes
 Centrifugal Pump:
• Centrifugal pumps (radial-flow pumps) are the most
used pumps for hydraulic purposes. For this reason,
their hydraulics will be studied in the following
sections.
 Main Parts of Centrifugal Pumps
1. Impeller:

• which is the rotating part of the

centrifugal pump.
• It consists of a series of
backwards curved vanes
(blades).
• The impeller is driven by a
shaft which is connected to the
shaft of an electric motor.
 Main Parts of Centrifugal Pumps
2. Casing

• Which is an air-tight
passage surrounding the
impeller
• designed to direct the
liquid to the impeller
and lead it away
• Volute casing. It is of
spiral type in which the
area of the flow
increases gradually.
3. Suction Pipe.
4. Delivery Pipe.
5. The Shaft: which is the bar by which the
power is transmitted from the motor drive to
the impeller.
6. The driving motor: which is responsible for
rotating the shaft. It can be mounted directly
on the pump, above it, or adjacent to it.
Work done by centrifugal pump
 Work done by centrifugal pump
• Work done per sec=Torque x angular velocity
• Torque=Change in angular momentum
• Angular momentum = Momentum x radius
• Momentum =Mass x velocity
• Thus change in momentum=Momentum at inlet
–Momentum at outlet
• Mass of water sticking per second
=mass/sec=ρv/s= ρal/s=ρav1
• Momentum of water striking vane in tangential
distance in inlet= ρav1 xVw1
• For outlet= ρav1 xVw2
• Angular momentum at inlet = ρav1 xVw1x R1
• Work done per sec=Torque x angular velocity
• Torque=Change in angular momentum
• Angular momentum = Momentum x radius
• Momentum =Mass x velocity
• Thus change in momentum=Momentum at inlet –
Momentum at outlet
• Angular momentum at inlet = ρav1 xVw1x R1
• = ρav1 x 0x R1= 0
• Angular momentum at outlet = ρav1 xVw2x R2
• Torque = ρav1 xVw2x R2 x
• work done=Torque x angular velocity = ρav1 xVw2x R2
xω
• For outlet u2 =R2 ω
• Work done=ρQ xVw2 u2
• Angular momentum at inlet = ρav1 xVw1x R1
• = ρav1 x 0x R1= 0
• Angular momentum at outlet = ρav1 xVw2x R2
• Torque = ρav1 xVw2x R2 x
• work done=Torque x angular velocity = ρav1 xVw2x R2
xω
• For outlet u2 =R2 ω
• Work done=ρQ xVw2 u2
• Weight of water striking =mg= ρvg = ρa1v1g

• Thus , ρQ xVw2 u2/ ρQg = Vw2 u2/g

• Work done per second by unit weight of water striking
per second = Vw2 u2/g
• Power =work done x weight of water.
• D= diameter of impeller
• D1= diameter of the inner circumference
• D2= diameter of the outer circumference
• N=speed of impeller rpm
• V1= absolute velocity of water
• Vr= Relative velocity of water
• u1= tangential velocity of water at inlet =
• αẞ = angle between absolute velocity V1 and
the velocity of vane u; angle between vr and u
Note that a centrifugal pump can be
either submersible (wet) or dry.