Basic Anatomy & Physiology

It is the study of the body's systems and structures and how they interact.
Anatomy focuses on the physical arrangement of parts in the body while physiology is the
study of the inner functioning of cells, tissues, and organs.

Example of Body System

 Respiratory System.
 Digestive System.
 Cardiovascular/Circulatory System.
 Urinary System.
 Endocrine System.
 Nervous System.
 Musculoskeletal system.
 Integumentary System/Exocrine System.

INTRODUCTION
-Okay so before we proceed to our main discussion, we need to know why is it important to
learn about anatomy and physiology in this subject. (babasahin) (sa palagay niyo bakit?)

OBJECTIVES
-After studying this module, you should be able to: (babasahin)

HUMAN BODY
Anatomy- Anatomy is the science that studies the structure of the body or the physical arrangement.
Physiology- Physiology is the study of how the human body works.
Histology- Histology is the study of tissues and their structure. (kadalasang gumagamit ng microscope)
Embryology- the development of the embryo from a fertilised egg cell.

SURFACE ANATOMY
Nervous System
-The nervous system controls everything you do, including breathing, walking,
thinking, and feeling.

- Your nervous system is your body's command center. Originating from your brain, it
controls your movements, thoughts and automatic responses to the world around you. It also
controls other body systems and processes, such as digestion, breathing and sexual
development (puberty).

*As the human brain is the primary part of the human body, so is the CPU to a
computer.

Central Nervous System

-Our CNS is made up of the brain, nerves and the spinal cord.
Brain-  It controls many of the body's functions including sensation, thought,
movement, awareness, and memory. Nagcocontrol ng lahat o nagbibigay ng
command sa katawan.

Nerves- Nerves are bundles of axons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) that act
as information highways to carry signals between the brain and spinal cord and the rest of
the body. Each axon is wrapped in a connective tissue sheath called the endoneurium.

Spinal Cord- the pathway for messages sent by the brain to the body and from the body to the
brain.

Peripheral Nervous System

-In the peripheral nervous system, bundles of nerve fibers or axons conduct information
to and from the central nervous system.
-In general (peripheral), Halimbawa kapag may gusto tayong kuhanin, halimbawa ay
ballpen. Ang brain natin ay gumagamit ng motor nerves para itransmit yung command ng brain
sa muscle ng ating kamay para gumalaw.
For example, the brain uses motor (voluntary) nerves to transmit commands to the muscles so
when you wish to pick up a glass the motor nerves tell the muscles of hands, arms, shoulder and
chest to move.
-It has two main parts: Somatic and Autonomic Nervous System
-Somatic ( nasa notebook)
-autonomic next slide
Autonomic Nervous System (Involutary)
-The autonomic nervous system is a component of the peripheral nervous
system that regulates involuntary physiologic processes including heart rate, blood pressure,
respiration, and digestion.
-The autonomic nervous system comprises two antagonistic sets of nerves (sympathetic
and parasympathetic)
NASA BOOK