Lower sixth further mathematics

1. Define an operation ¿ on the set of nonzero real numbers, S=R ¿ 0 } by x∗y =2 xy. Show
that
a. S is closed under ¿.
b. * is associative.
c. Is (S,*) a group?
2. Explain why Z5 ={0,1,2,3,4 } does not form a group under multiplication mod 5.
3. i. Q is the set of rational numbers. Show that ¿ is not a group where * is defined as

a∗b=a+ b+ab

ii. Let S={x ∈ R∨x ≠−1 }. Show that (S,*) forms a commutative group where * is defined
as

a∗b=a+ b+ab

4. Let a , b , c ∈ Z show that

i. if a∨b and a∨c then a∨(b+c ).
ii. if a∨b and b∨c then a∨c.
5. Using the Euclidean Algorithm, find the greatest common divisor of 841 and 160.
6. Solve for positive x in the congruence equation
a) 155325 ≡ x (mod 7)
b) x 2−x−6 ≡ 0(mod 7)
7. a. Find the smallest positive integer x such that
x ≡ 3(mod 7)
x ≡ 2(mod 13)

b. Find the general solution to 187 x+ 34 y=119.