Chapter 9: The School Head in School-Based Management

 School-Based Management is the decentralization of decision-making authority to schools. At the

school level, schools heads, teachers, and students work together with community leaders, and
local government officials and other stakeholders to improve school performance.
 Through the involvement of teachers, parents, and other community members in these key
decisions, SBM can create more effective learning environments for children

Advantages of SBM
 Allow competent individuals in the schools to make decisions that will improve learning;
 Give the entire school community a voice in key decisions;
 Focus accountability for decisions;
 Lead to greater creativity in the design of programs;
 Redirect resources to support the goals developed in each school;
 Lead to realistic budgeting as parents and teachers become more aware of the school’s financial
status, spending limitations, and the cost of its programs; and,
 Improve morale of teachers and nurture new leadership at all levels.

Legal Basis of SBM

1. Philippine Constitution
2. Local Government Code of 1991
3. RA 9155 (Governance of Basic Education Act)

Conditions for the Success of SBM

 Teachers, school heads must be given the opportunity to make choices.
 The involvement of parents and teachers must be strongly encouraged and highly welcomed.
 Stakeholders must participate in the development of a School Improvement Plan.
 Higher authorities must actively encourage thoughtful experimentation and innovation in an
atmosphere where mistakes are viewed as learning experiences.
 Teachers must develop reflection and problem solving.
In addition, based on international experience, the following must be present for SBM to succeed in
schools:
 Have basic resources
 Have developed an effective school support system
 Are provided with regular information on their performance
 Are given advice on how they may improve; and
 Emphasize the motivational element in the management work of the principal.
Functions of School Heads in SBM
1. Visionary principal, motivator, advocate, and planner
2. Builder of networks and support systems
3. Curriculum developer
4. Fiscal resource manager

Factors of School Effectiveness Based on Research

 Research findings confirm that school autonomy has a positive relationship with student
performance when accountability measures are in place and/or when school principals and
teachers collaborate in school management.
 In the Philippines, the devolving of more responsibility to the schools was done through the SBM.

Philippine Accreditation System for Basic Education (PASBE)

 The institutionalization of SBM was strengthened with the introduction of PASBE through DepEd
Order No. 64, s. 2012
 The agreed standards are based on 4 principles, namely: (1) collective leadership, (2) community-
based learning, (3) accountability for performance and results, and (4) convergence to harness
resources for education.
 The school’s level of SBM can be Level 1 (Developing), Level 2 (Maturing), and Level 3
(Advanced).
 A school that reaches the highest level of SBM practice qualifies for an accredited status.

Factors that Contribute to School Effectiveness

1. Human Factors
2. Non - Human Factors