PRESENTED BY:

ALDINO ARYYOGA
4105 100 047

SUPERVISOR:
WING HENDROPRASETYO, ST, Me.

Surabaya, January 13th 2010

 BACKGROUND

 SHIP BUILDING PROCESS ALWAYS NEED WELDING PROCESS

 WELD PRODUCT MUST BE INSPECTED
 ULTRASONIC TEST IS A KIND OF INSPECTION METHOD IN
NDT
 DISTANCE OF DISCONTINUITY FROM THE SURFACE AFFECTS
ACCURACY
 PROBLEM FORMULATION
 HOW TO KNOW THE INFLUENCE OF THE DISCONTINUITY SIZE
AND DISTANCE ON MATERIAL BASED ON THE DAC CURVE?
 WHAT IS THE SIZE OF THE DEVIATION RESULTING FROM THE
USE DAC CURVE?
 PURPOSE

 TO KNOW THE SIZE OF THE DEVIATION FROM MATERIAL

DISCONTINUITY BASED ON DAC CURVE
 BENEFITS

 TO KNOW THE SIZE OF THE DEVIATION FROM MATERIAL

DISCONTINUITY BASED ON DAC CURVE SO WE CAN
CALCULATE THE ACTUAL SIZE OF THE DISCONTINUITY
 HYPOTHESES

 THE FARTHER THE LOCATION OF THE DISCONTINUITY FROM

THE SURFACE, THE SMALLER THE SOUND ENERGY WILL BE
RECEIVED
 AMPLITUDE SOUND WAWES SHOULD BE DECREASED A HALF,
IF THE SIZE OF DISCONTINUITY IS A HALF SMALLER AT THE
SAME DISTANCE FROM THE SURFACE.
 PROBLEM LIMITATIONS

 EXAMINATION PERFORMED ON P-NO.1 CARBON STEEL

 EXAMINATION IS USED NORMAL PROBE AND 45O ANGLE
PROBE
 ARTIFICIAL DISCONTINUITY IN 2.5 mm AND 5.0 mm
DIAMETER MADE ON SPECIMEN WITH 75 mm THICKNESS
 ARTIFICIAL DISCONTINUITY IN 3.0 mm AND 6.0 mm
DIAMETER MADE ON SPECIMEN WITH 38 mm THICKNESS
 ARTIFICIAL HOLES ARE LOCATED AT ¼ T, ½ T AND ¾ T FROM
THE SURFACE OF EACH SPECIMEN
 SOUND WAVE ENERGY WILL SPREAD DURING TRAVELLING
ON A CERTAIN MEDIA SO THE SOUND INTENSITY AT THE FAR
AWAY FROM THE SOURCE WILL BE DECREASE.
 SOUND WAVE IN A CERTAIN MEDIA CAN BE DESCRIBED IN
CONE SHAPE AND DEVIDED INTO 2 (TWO) ZONES, NEAR
(DEAD) FIELD AND FAR FIELD
NEAR (DEAD) FIELD AND FAR FIELD
 WHEN THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE TRANSDUCER AND A
REFLECTOR INCREASES, THE AMOUNT OF ENERGY
REACHING AND RETURNING FROM THE REFLECTOR TO THE
TRANSDUCER
 THIS PRINCIPLE IS MADE APPARENT BY OBSERVING THE
AMPLITUDE OF THE REFLECTED SIGNAL FROM A GIVEN SIZE
REFLECTOR PLACED AT DIFFERENT DISTANCES FROM THE
TRANSDUCER.
DAC CURVE
• TO MAKE THE DAC CURVE IS NEEDED A DAC BLOCK
AS IMAGINE BELOW

DAC BLOCK STANDARD

• DATA ON 100% DAC OF 2.5 mm DIAMETER:
Diameter

Tebal Posisi Gain SP SOD Depth Amplitudo Diskontinuitas

75 ¼T 63 26 18.38 18.38 80 %

75 ½T 63 52 36.76 36.76 50 %
2.5

75 ¾T 63 79.5 56.25 56.25 35 %

• DATA ON 50% DAC OF 2.5 mm DIAMETER:
Diameter

Tebal Posisi Gain SP SOD Depth Amplitudo Diskontinuitas

75 ¼T 57 26 18.38 18.38 40 %

75 ½T 57 52 36.76 36.76 25 %
2.5

75 ¾T 57 79.5 56.25 56.25 18 %

• DATA ON 20% DAC OF 2.5 mm DIAMETER:
Diameter

Tebal Posisi Gain SP SOD Depth Amplitudo Diskontinuitas

75 ¼T 49 26 18.38 18.38 15 %

75 ½T 49 52 36.76 36.76 10 %
2.5

75 ¾T 49 79.5 56.25 56.25 5%

• DEVIATION IS THE STANDARD ERROR OF THE
PREDICTED Y-VALUE FOR EACH X IN THE REGRESSION
• THE STANDARD ERROR IS A MEASURE OF THE AMOUNT
OF ERROR IN THE PREDICTION OF Y FOR AN
INDIVIDUAL X.
• THE DEVIATION CAN BE CALCULATED BY USING
EQUATION BELOW
BASED ON THE EQUATION ABOVE, DEVIATIONS CAN
BE DETERMINED BETWEEN :

 100% DAC (2.5 mm) AND 50% DAC (5.0 mm) IS 4.6%
 100% DAC (3.0 mm) AND 50% DAC (6.0 mm) IS 5.8%
THE STATEMENT ABOVE SHOW THAT TO DETERMINE
THE ACTUAL SIZE OF INTERNAL DISCONTINUITIES
NEED TO BE ADDED WITH THE VALUE:
 ± 4.6% FOR MATERIAL WITH 75 mm OF THICKNESS
 ± 5.8% FOR MATERIAL WITH 38 mm OF THICKNESS
• THE ACCURACY OF TEST RESULTS WITH THE DAC
METHOD IS STRONGLY INFLUENCED BY THE DEPTH
OF INTERNAL DISCONTINUITIES FROM THE
SURFACE. THIS IS CAUSED BY ATTENUATION OF THE
SOUND WAVE ENERGY THAT RETURNED BY THE
REFLECTOR
• THE ACCURACY OF TEST RESULTS WITH THE DAC
METHOD IS ALSO INFLUENCED BY THE
CONSTITUENT GRAINS OF MATERIAL TESTED AS IT
RELATES TO THE AMOUNT OF SCATTERING OF
SOUND WAVES INTO THE MATERIAL
• ADD VARIATION OF SIZE AND THE DEPTH OF
INTERNAL DISCONTINUITIES FROM THE SURFACE IN
ORDER TO THE RESULTS OBTAINED WOULD BE
MORE ACCURATE

• ADDING VARIETY OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF

MATERIAL DENSITY TO BE KNOWN HOW MUCH
INFLUENCE THE MATERIAL DENSITY OF THE
SCATTERING SOUND WAVE ENERGY
• THE PROCEDURE TO GET DATA TO MAKE A DAC
CURVE :
 CALIBRATE RANGE THE EQUIPMENT FOR 100
 PLACE THE PROBE ON THE SURFACE OF THE SPECIMEN
 MOVE THE PROBE TO OBTAIN MAXIMUM INDICATION OF THE
FIRST HOLE AND SET THE GAIN CONTROL TO GET THE
AMPLITUDE OF 80% FSH. AT THE TIME OF MAXIMUM
AMPLITUDE RECORDED SOUNDPATH POSITION (SP0),
SURFACE OF DISTANCE (SOD0), AND THE DEPTH OF THE
HOLE (D0).
 DECREASE THE GAIN 6 dB TO OBTAIN THE AMPLITUDE OF
50% FSH AND 14 dB TO OTAIN THE AMPLITUDE OF 20% FSH
 DRAW EACH POINT AMPLITUDE INTO THE TRANSPARENT
 CONNECT THESE POINT WITH A LINE UP TO FORM A CURVE.