The OLGA model

Where:

CUB1 = tuning coefficient 1 given by the key UBCOEFF1.

CUB2 = tuning coefficient 2 given by the key UBCOEFF2.

C0 = distribution coefficient.

Umix = mixture velocity, that is, the sum of the superficial velocities.

U0 = drift velocity.

The slug front pressure drop is given by:

Where:

CDP = tuning coefficient for slug front pressure drop given by key DPFACT.

CDP0 = tuning coefficient for onset of slug front pressure drop given by key DPONSET.

Lslug = slug length.

f( l ) = additional pressure drop.

Ucrit = cutoff velocity at which the slug front pressure drop is switched on.

How to use
Specify the desired slug tuning coefficients and where they should be applied. See also SLUGTUNING.

Note: The slug tuning coefficients are global. It is not possible to specify different sets of tuning
parameters for different flow-paths.

Pig
A pig is a mechanical device which is inserted into a pipeline that moves with the flow. Such devices can
be used for, for example, inspection, internal cleaning, or pushing liquid out of the pipe. When running a
pigging operation, parameters of interest are for example

The pressure drop over a pig.

The rate and total volume of liquid pushed out of a pipeline ahead of a pig.
The liquid content of a pipeline before and after pigging.
The flow restriction caused by a pig.
The velocity of a pig.
The time for a pig to traverse a pipeline.
The amount of wax dislodged from the wall.

License requirements

Tracking of the liquid slug in front of a pig (TRACKSLUG=ON) is part of the Slug tracking module that
requires a separate license.

Any wax related features are part of the Wax deposition module that requires a separate license.

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Model description

General

When running a pigging operation, it is optional whether or not the slug-tracking framework is to be
engaged to track the liquid slug in front of the pig. These two options use a unified scheme. This implies
that differences between two such simulations should only be attributed to effects associated with the
differences between explicitly treating liquid slugs or treating them in an average manner.

Explicit tracking of the liquid slug in front of the pig yields a more stable and accurate simulation that
properly accounts for the liquid build-up downstream of the pig. If the liquid slug is not explicitly tracked,
the liquid pushed through the pipe by a pig is only treated in an average fashion and no distinct build-up of
liquid is seen. As the model allows for liquid build-up in front of the pig, it also runs at the risk of a hold-up
approaching 1.0 as the pig approaches a section boundary. Because the hold-up in front of the pig is an
average hold-up between the pig and the downstream boundary, this output variable will show large
swings in connection to pigs crossing section boundaries. This is not a physical result, but merely an
artefact of averaged hold-ups not being able to capture the actual build-up of liquid. Furthermore, as a
consequence of the hold-up reaching 1.0 downstream the pig, there will be a larger leakage due to the
numerical scheme. It should be noted that to properly capture the physics, it is necessary to explicitly track
the liquid slug forming in front of the pig.

Friction forces and pigs

The friction forces acting on a pig are described in the following sections. For effects related to wax, please
refer to separate section below.

Static friction force

The static force between the pig and the pipe wall is denoted F0. For a static pig, this is the force that
needs to be overcome in order for the pig to start moving. Thus, a pig only starts moving if the pressure
difference over the pig yields a large enough force.

Wall friction force

The wall friction force due to contact between the pig and the pipe wall is given by:

Where F0 is the static friction force [N], fw is the wall friction factor [Ns/m] and Up is the pig velocity [m/s].

As the pig velocity, Up, increases, the wall friction force decreases due to less contact between the pig and
the pipe wall. This effect is approximated by the wall friction factor.

Viscous friction force the frictional pig model

When a pig is moving, the flow of the fluid film around the pig results in a viscous friction force. This force
is calculated through:

where f1 is the linear friction factor [Ns/m], f2 is the quadratic friction factor [Ns2/m2] and Up is the ig velocity
[m/s].

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Leakage

There are two different types of leakage.

Pressure drop induced leakage

Due to the pressure drop over the pig, liquid can be pushed from behind the pig to in front of it. The
pressure drop induced volumetric flux is given by:

Where cpl is the leakage factor [- Ppig is the pressure drop over the pig [N/m2] a
[kg/m3].

Slip induced leakage (back leakage)

Due to slip between the pig and the fluid surrounding it, some fluid ahead of the pig will not be carried
along by it but rather leaks between the pig and the pipe wall. When the gap between the pig and pipe wall
is very narrow, the effects of gravity and the pressure gradient can be neglected when calculating the flow
of the fluid film that passes around the pig. Assuming laminar flow, the average film velocity becomes

Where Up is the pig velocity [m/s]. Using this, the volumetric flow rate is then given by:

Where D is the inner pipe diameter [m] and Dp is the outer diameter of the pig [m].

By default, the gap between the pig and pipe wall is equals two times the pipe roughness. You can
override this setting by specifying the pig diameter using the key DIAMETER.

The total volumetric leakage flow rate is split over the oil, water, and gas phases. For stratified flow, the
total leakage of gas, oil, and water is proportional to the hold-up each respective phase at that position.
For all other flow regimes, gas leakage is not allowed and the total leakage is split over water and oil in
proportion to the local water and oil hold-up, respectively.

Pig and Wax

Wax related friction forces

When there is a wax layer on the pipe walls, an additional friction, Fwbf, occurs due to the forces required to
break the wax layer off the wall. The wax layer breaking force is modeled as:

Where C is the wax breaking force coefficient [-], y is the wax layer yield stress [Pa], is the wax porosity
[-], L is the wax layer thickness [m], d is the inner pipe diameter [m], is the pig wax removal efficiency [-]
-].

The wax breaking force coefficient, C, can be used to account for the effective shear surface orientation. C
= 1 implies that the wax layer shear surface is normal to the wall whereas C
effective shear surface forming a 45° angle against the wall. The coefficient can also be used to tune the
yield stress if, for example, wax layer yield stress measurements or estimates are available.

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If the wax layer yield stress is determined internally, it is given by:

(20)

This equation is derived from the viscosity equation (21) below.

In cases where the pig has no through-flow, a slurry or plug with high wax content is assumed to build up
in front of the pig. This affects the rheological properties of the fluid near the pig. An estimate of the friction
effects caused by the interaction between the wax plug and the pipe wall is evaluated using the following
procedure:

1. Find the wax plug friction length by searching along the pipeline for existing suspended wax (bounded
by the accumulated amount of wax stripped from the wall), accounting for the wax plug porosity. The
wax plug length depends on the pig leakage factor. If there is full flow through the pig, the wax plug
friction length is set to zero. If there is no leakage, the full length of the wax plug is used. Interpolation
is applied for any intermediate situations.
2. The wall shear stress for the wax plug is calculated by using standard correlations for Bingham
plastics [8] and the effective viscosity model by Pedersen and Rønningsen [28]. The standard
Bingham correlations are used to calculate the shear stress as a function of average velocity. The
internal effective viscosity model may be used to find the yield stress and plastic viscosity for a given
suspended wax fraction according to:

(21)

Where µliq is the oil viscosity with no consideration to the precip wax is the volume

fraction of precipitated wax [-], dvx/dy is the shear rate [1/s], D = 37.82, E = 83.96 and F = 8.559 106,

The plastic viscosity is found by setting the shear rate, dvx/dy = 1000 1/s whereas the yield stress is
found through equation (20) above using the porosity of the wax plug in front of the pig instead of the
wax porosity. The yield stress and plastic viscosity are then used in the Bingham related equations to
calculate the friction forces acting on the pig and wax plug.

In the transition from non-Newtonian to Newtonian turbulent flow (Hedstrøm number between 1000
and 2000), splines are used to get a smooth transition between the friction factors calculated using the
Darby and Melson formula [8] (applied for Hedstrøm [39]
(applied for Hedstrøm number <1000).

Due to the upper bound on the effective viscosity, the wax plug shear stress is taken as the maximum
of the yield stress and the shear stress from the Bingham friction calculations.

3. The resulting frictional force is applied directly to the pig because the wax plug does not enter the
model explicitly but only as an 'effective friction length.'

Note: The standard scheme for wall friction is always applied regardless of the wax plug friction length.
The standard wall friction will, however, normally be insignificant as compared to the friction generated
by the 'virtual' wax plug. Furthermore, the gravitational effects of a wax plug are assumed to be taken
into account by the standard scheme.

Wax mass transfer from wall due to pigging

When performing a pigging operation to remove wax from the pipe wall, an additional term is added to the
standard shear related wax transport term (solid wax mass transport between bulk and wall) for the section
where a pig is located. This mass transfer rate [kg/s] is given by:

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Where Up is the pig velocity [m/s], mwxw is the average wax mass on the wall in the control volume [kg/m3],
A is the cross-sectional pipe area [m2], and is the pig wax removal efficiency [-]. The mass removed from
the wall is added to the fluid downstream the pig.

How to use

General

A pig is added to the simulation by declaring the PIG keyword on the flow-path where it is to be inserted.

Launch and trap position of the pig

A pig is launched and trapped at the boundaries closest to the positions given by the keys
LAUNCHPOSITION and TRAPPOSITION, respectively. The trap position is optional, and if not specified,
the pig traverses through the flow-paths until it exits through a terminal node and is removed.

Routing Pig in network

In a network with bifurcations, the pig will enter the flow-path having the largest volumetric flow unless its
routing is specified by the key ROUTING.

Note: When routing is given, the flow-path where the pig is launched has to be included in the routing.

Leakage factor

The leakage factor, cpl, used in determining the volumetric flux of liquid from behind the pig to in front of it
can be specified in three different ways to override the default value. The default value for Cpl is 0 (zero
leakage):

1. Specify the leakage factor directly through the key LEAKAGEFACTOR.

2. Specify the relative leakage opening Aleak/Apipe through the key LEAKOPENING and evaluate the
leakage factor according to:

3. Using the pressure loss coefficient, Fpig, specified through the LEAKDPCOEFF key, the leakage factor
is given by:

The pressure loss coefficient can calibrated by letting fluid flow past a stationary pig.

Tracking the liquid slug

To track the liquid slug in front of a pig, set TRACKSLUG=ON.

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Pig and Wax

When using the Wax deposition module (requires separate license), a number of input keys become
available when simulating a pigging operation.

PGWXFORMFAC: wax cutting efficiency.

WPPLASETVISC: plastic viscosity of wax plug. Set this parameter to -1 to use internal model.
WPPOROSITY: porosity of wax plug.
WPYIELDSTRESS: yield stress of wax plug. Set this parameter to -1 to use internal model.
WXBRFCOEF: wax breaking force coefficient. This can for example be used to account for effective
shear surface orientation.
WXRMEFF: wax removal efficiency.
WXYIELDSTR: yield stress of wax layer on wall. Set this parameter to -1 to use internal model.

Output

Pig specific plotting variables are found in the subgroup Pig of the group Basic. In addition, slug related
plotting variables (group SlugTracking or group Compositional, subgroup Slug) apply when the liquid slug
in front of a pig is tracked.

Notes

It is not possible to simulate the melting of a hydrate plug because the pig mass is constant.
It is not possible to simulate a pig traversing through a pipeline at the same time as slug tracking is
enabled.

Drilling
The drilling option can be used to simulate the hydraulics during operations of running in hole or pulling out
hole of the drill string.

The drilling functionality in OLGA can be used for the study of drilling hydraulics and the modeling of
wellbore pressures and temperatures during several phases of the drilling operation. Although it was built
as a general purpose functionality, it is a particularly valuable tool in drilling operations with narrow margins
between pore- and fracture pressures. Typical examples of wells with narrow margins are:

HPHT and ultra-HPHT wells.

Deep water wells.
ERD wells with long horizontal sections.
Wells in depleted reservoirs.

License requirements

The drilling option and its associates are part of the Wells module that requires a separate license.

Model description

The network feature of OLGA is adapted to configure the flowpaths in the drilling hydraulics system. The
fluid flows from a surface flowpath to the drilling flowpath (drill string) and then return to surface in the
annulus flowpath (return line). The node that connects the surface line and the drill string is called stand
node. The node that connects the drill string and the annulus flowpath is called bit node. The inlet of the
surface line and the outlet of the annulus flowpath is connected to other types of nodes. The basic drilling
configuration is described in the How to use on page 162 section.

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O|TP|PP|C MLTHLPARTICLEKG/M3 Specific mass of particles in oil

O|TP|PP|C MLTWTPARTICLEKG/M3 Specific mass of particles in water
TP|PP MLWTBED KG/M3 Specific mass of water in bed layer
O|TP|PP MOVINGBEDHEIGHT
M The height of the moving particle bed layer
O|TP|PP|C MPARTICLE KG/M3 Total specific mass of particles (bed + suspension)
TP|PP MPARTICLEBED KG/M3 Specific mass of particles in bed layer
O|TP|PP|C MPARTICLESUS KG/M3 Specific mass of suspended particles
O|TP|PP PARTICLECRITICALTAU
Pa The shear stress required for initiating particle bed
movement
O|TP|PP|C PARTICLEDENS KG/M3 Density of particles
O|TP|PP|C PARTICLEDIAM M Diameter of particles
O|TP|PP|C|NN PARTICLEVOLFRAC - Total volume fraction of particles (bed + suspension)
TP|PP PARTICLEVOLFRACBED - Volume fraction of particles in bed layer
O|TP|PP|C PARTICLEVOLFRACSUS - Volume fraction of suspended particles
O|TP|PP|C ROGPARTICLE KG/M3 Mixture density of gas phase including particles
O|TP|PP|C ROHLPARTICLE KG/M3 Mixture density of oil phase including particles
O|TP|PP|C ROWTPARTICLE KG/M3 Mixture density of water phase including particles
O|TP|PP STATIONARYBEDHEIGHT M The height of the stationary particle bed layer
TP|PP VOLFRACBED - Volume fraction of bed layer

Pig Output Variables

All the variables that are available for Slug tracking can be used with Pig. However, not all of the variables
are relevant. The pig variables with their equivalent Slug Tracking variables are listed below.

Pig variable Equivalent Slug Tracking variable

ALGL ALTSB
ALGR ALTSL
HOLHLL BEHLTSB+GAHLTSB
HOLHLR BEHLTSL
HOLWTL BEWTTSB+GAWTTSB
HOLWTR BEWTTSL
UPIG UST
ZPIG ZTSL

When the key TRACKSLUG=ON, the PIG may be without slug, be a slug tail (pig to the left of the slug) or
be a slug front (pig to the right of the slug).

TRENDDATA PIG=PIG-1, VARIABLE=UST : Same as UPIG).

TRENDDATA PIG=PIG-1, VARIABLE=BEHLTSB : Use with caution. If the pig is a slug tail, BEHLTSB
represents the holdup to the left of the pig. If the pig is a slug front, BEHLTSB represents the holdup to the
right of the pig.

TRENDDATA PIPE=PIPE-1, SECTION=5, VARIABLE=HOLEXP : This works the same way as for Slug
Tracking.

Use as Name Units Definition

Pig Variables
TP|C|GTP ALGL - Void behind pig
TP|C|GTP ALGR - Void ahead pig
TP|C|GTP DPPIG PA Pressure difference across pig
TP|C|GTP GAL - Droplet fraction behind pig
TP|C|GTP GAR - Droplet fraction ahead pig
TP|C|GTP HOLHLL - Oil holdup behind pig
TP|C|GTP HOLHLR - Oil holdup ahead pig
TP|C|GTP HOLWTL - Water holdup behind pig

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TP|C|GTP HOLWTR - Water holdup ahead pig

TP|C|GTP IDL NoUnit Flow regime behind pig (only valid without TRACKSLUG)
TP|C|GTP IDR NoUnit Flow regime ahead pig (only valid without TRACKSLUG)
TP|C|GTP LIQCDOWN M3 Liquid content between plug and trap position
TP|C|GTP LIQCUP M3 Liquid content between launch position and plug
TP|C|GTP PIGLAUNCHEDFORCE N Force applied to pig when launched
TP|C|GTP PIGM KG Pig mass
TP|C|GTP PIGSTA NoUnit Pig status: 0=Not pigging, 1=Launched, 2=Pigging, 3=Ready to
launch, 4=Stalled
TP|C|GTP PIGSTATICFORCE N Force required to tear pig loose from wall
TP|C|GTP REMDIST M Remaining distance for pig
TP|C|GTP REMTIME_AVRG S Averaged remaining travel time for pig
TP|C|GTP RPIG NoUnit Pig leakage factor
TP|C|GTP TSINCELAUNCH S Time passed since pig was launched. Time is reset when the
pig is relaunched.
TP|C|GTP TSINCETRAP S Time passed since pig was trapped. Time is reset when the pig
is relaunched.
TP|C|GTP UPIG M/S Pig velocity
TP|C|GTP UPIG_AVRG M/S Averaged velocity for pig
TP|C|GTP ZPIG M Pig position in branch
TP|C|GTP ZZPIG M Pig total distance travelled

Pump Output Variables

The output variable PUMPHEFF defined as the hydraulic efficiency is calculated as follows:

PUMPHEFF = GT * g * PUMPHEAD / (T * w).

where GT is the total mass flow rate, g, is acceleration of gravity, T is the shaft torque, and w is the angular
velocity of the shaft.

Use as Name Units Definition

Pump Variables
TP|C|GTP PUBYGG KG/S Gas mass flow through bypass line
TP|C|GTP PUBYGL KG/S Liquid mass flow through bypass line
TP|C|GTP PUBYGT KG/S Total mass flow through bypass line
TP|C|GTP PUBYVALVOP - Relative valve opening in bypass line
TP|C|GTP PUMPDP PA Pressure difference between pump outlet and inlet
TP|C|GTP PUMPGG KG/S Gas mass flow through the pump
TP|C|GTP PUMPGL KG/S Liquid mass flow through the pump
TP|C|GTP PUMPGT KG/S Total mass flow through the pump
TP|C|GTP PUMPHEAD M Total pump head
TP|C|GTP PUMPHEAT W Heat added to fluid in pump
TP|C|GTP PUMPHEFF - Hydraulic efficiency
TP|C|GTP PUMPHP W Hydraulic horsepower
TP|C|GTP PUMPQB M3/S Pump back flow (volume)
TP|C|GTP PUMPQG M3/S Net gas volume flow through the pump
TP|C|GTP PUMPQL M3/S Net liquid volume flow through the pump
TP|C|GTP PUMPQT M3/S Net total volume flow through the pump
TP|C|GTP PUMPSPEED RPM Pump speed
TP|C|GTP PUMPTH NM Pump hydraulic torque
TP|C|GTP PUMPTT W Total pump power
TP|C|GTP PUMPVALDP PA Pressure drop over valve in pump position
TP|C|GTP PUMPVALVOP - Relative valve opening
O|TP|C|GTP PUMPVOLEFF - Volumetric efficiency. Only calculated when CLEARANCERATIO set on
PUMPBATTERY, 1 otherwise.
TP|C|GTP PUREGG KG/S Recycle gas mass flow
TP|C|GTP PUREGL KG/S Recycle liquid mass flow
TP|C|GTP PUREGT KG/S Total recycle mass flow
TP|C|GTP PUREGW KG/S Recycle water mass flow
TP|C|GTP PUREVALVOP - Relative valve opening in recycle line

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Particle Flow Note 9 Note OK OK OK OK

OK OK OK OK OK OK OK Note 21
Advanced 10

Note OK Note OK OK OK
Submodeling OK OK OK Note 12 OK Note 14 Note 13 OK OK OK OK OK OK
11 13

OK Note 16 Note 16
OLGA ROCX OK Note 16 Note 16 OK OK OK OK Note 16 Note 16 OK Note 17 Note 17 Note 16

OK Note 16 Note 16
OLGA
OK Note 16 Note 16 OK OK OK OK Note 16 Note 16 OK Note 17 Note 17 Note 16
ECLIPSE link

* - Wax deposition, entrainment, viscosity correlation

Note 1: Steady state preprocessor can be run with wax deposition or hydrate kinetics activated, but the preprocessor does not consider the wax phase or hydrate formation.

Note 2: All process equipment except displacement pump, pump battery, controllers, separator, heated walls (subkey POWER and so on in WALL), leaks and check valves are
incorporated.

Note 3: Steady state preprocessor can be run to initialize cases with Slug tracking and Pig tracking, but the effect of tracking slugs and pigs is only seen in the transient
calculations.

Note 4: Hydrate kinetics models can be run with MEG/MeOH/EtOH, but in the internal hydrate kinetics model, the hydrate formation is not influenced.

Note 5: The Complex Fluid module (CFM) works well with the water option. However, when oil and water form an emulsion, the compatibility with CFM is not complete. For
stratified flow, the resulting emulsion viscosity is used correctly in CFM, but for slug flow only a volume weighted average between tabulated oil and water viscosities is used.

Note 6: Tabulated viscosities are used in the pump and compressor models instead of effective viscosities from the Complex Fluid module.

Note 7: Tracer tracking can be combined with slug tracking, but Tracer tracking uses the standard numeric scheme in OLGA and not the tracking scheme used in Slug tracking.
That is, the tracer masses are constant in a section and do not follow the slug front. In principle, Tracer tracking also works with Pig tracking (which is a special version of Slug
tracking), but there might be problems for sections without liquid. The chance for this happening is much less in a slug tracking simulation.

Note 8: The Steamwater-HC and single component options can both be run in the steady state preprocessor, but numerical problems can arise more easily. Cases where the
saturation is crossed when traveling from inlet to outlet in the pipeline can have problems.

Note 9: Steady state does not consider (a) bed, (b) slip between particles and fluid, and (c) non-uniform distribution of particles in fluid layers. The particle mass rate is
distributed to fluids according to volumetric rates of the phases.

Note 10: Velocity profiles from HD are not considered in the calculations.

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EFFRATED Adiabatic efficiency of pump at rated

Real [0.5] conditions.
FLOWRATED Rated pump flow.
Real (m3/s)
LABEL Label of the pump.
String [SIMPLIFIEDPUMP]
MAXSPEED Maximum pump speed.
Real (rpm)
MINSPEED Minimum pump speed.
Real (rpm) [0.0]
PIPE Pipe label for pump location.
Symbol PIPE |
POSITION Position where pump is located.
Symbol POSITION |
SECTIONBOUNDARY Section boundary number where the pump is
Integer located.
SPEEDR Rated pump speed.
Real (rpm)

Signal connections - Input

Name Description
SPEEDSIG When connected, this terminal defines the speed of the pump. Read more about the
alternatives in Controlling the pump speed.

TRANSMITTER (on Flowpath)

This keyword is used to define output signals from flowpath, process equipment, node, separator and
phase split node.

The signals can be received by a controller. The signals are defined through the variable key, for example,
fluid pressure in the flowpath (PT) or liquid level in the separator (LIQLV). Controllers that receive these
measured values use them to calculate new signals which in turn are used to regulate, for example, a
valve opening (see Controllers). If several different output signals are needed form the same position, add
a transmitter per output signal. However, the several controllers can receive the output signal from one
transmitter.

Note: If a branch variable is to be controlled, add a transmitter to the flowpath at a dummy location (use
a valid absolute position or pipe/section). The location is only used graphically to position the transmitter
along the flowpath.

Key Type Parameter set Description

Unit:( ) Default:[ ]
ABSPOSITION Real (m) Absolute position. Distance from branch
inlet.
AGEGROUPID Integer Age group for plotting inhibitors variables
with aging effect, e.g. Kinetic hydrate
inhibitor (KHI).
BORNEMANNPUMP Symbol BORNEMANNPUMP | Bornemann pump where the transmitter is
located.
CENTRIFUGALPUMP Symbol CENTRIFUGALPUMP | Centrifugal pump where the transmitter is
located.
CHECKVALVE Symbol CHECKVALVE | Checkvalve where the transmitter is
located.

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COMPONENT Symbol ComponentData |

Component name for transmitting
compositional variable. Using the Inhibitor
tracking module, available components
are HC, H2O and MEG/MEOH/ETOH.
For compositional models the names of
the available components are given in the
feed file. Else, for DRILLING=ON under
OPTIONS, available components are HC,
H2O, MEG/MEOH/ETOH and MUD
components (a CUTTING component is
available if
PARTICLEFLOW=SIMPLE/ADVANCED).
COMPRESSOR Symbol COMPRESSOR | Compressor where the transmitter is
located.
DISPLACEMENTPUMP Symbol DISPLACEMENTPUMP Displacement pump where the transmitter
| is located.
ESPUMP Symbol ESPUMP | ESP (Electrical Submersible Pump)
where the transmitter is located.
HEATEXCHANGER Symbol HEATEXCHANGER | HeatExchanger where the transmitter is
located.
HYKPID Integer Array element index of HYKPLIST.
LABEL String [TM] Name of transmitter
LAYER Integer Wall layer number for plotting of wall
temperature. Layer number 1 is the
innermost one.
LEAK Symbol LEAK | Leak where the transmitter is located.
NEARWELLSOURCE Symbol NEARWELLSOURCE | NearWellSource where the transmitter is
located.
ONESUBSEAPUMP Symbol ONESUBSEAPUMP | OneSubsea pump where the transmitter
is located.
PIG Symbol PIG | Pig from which variable is retrieved.
PIPE Symbol PIPE | Pipe name where the transmitter is
located.
POSITION Symbol POSITION | Position where the transmitter is located.
PRESSUREBOOST Symbol PRESSUREBOOST | Pressure boost where the transmitter is
located.
PUMPBATTERY Symbol PUMPBATTERY | Pump battery where the transmitter is
located.
RESERVOIRCONTACT Symbol RESERVOIRCONTACT RESERVOIRCONTACT where the
| transmitter is located.
SECTION Integer Section number where the transmitter is
located.
SECTIONBOUNDARY Integer Section boundary number where the
transmitter is located.
SIMPLIFIEDPUMP Symbol SIMPLIFIEDPUMP | Simplified pump where the transmitter is
located.
SOURCE Symbol SOURCE | Source where the transmitter is located.
TRACERFEED Symbol TRACERFEED | Tracer label that the tracer type variables
are plotted for.
VALVE Symbol VALVE | Valve where the transmitter is located.
VARIABLE Symbol 2| Name of variable to be transmitted. Note:
(ValueUnitPair) if the unit is not specified, SI units will be
used.

Signal connections Output

Name Description
OUTSIG

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TP|C|GTP NSACMF NoUnit Number of iterations solution algorithm used to solve for
critical flow
TP|C|GTP NSADP NoUnit Number of iterations solution algorithm used to solve for
sub-critical pressure drop
TP|C|GTP NSAMF NoUnit Number of iterations solution algorithm used to solve for
sub-critical flow
TP|C|GTP PVALVE PA Valve pressure
TP|C|GTP THROATSLIP NoUnit Slip ratio in throat (Ug/Ul)
TP|C|GTP TTHRC C Critical temperature at throat
TP|C|GTP TVALVE C Valve temperature
TP|C|GTP TVALVEOUT C Temperature at valve outlet
TP|C|GTP UCRIT M/S Critical velocity
TP|C|GTP UVALVE M/S Valve velocity
TP|C|GTP VALSCC NoUnit Valve sub-critical coefficient
TP|C|GTP VALVAR M2 Valve flow area
TP|C|GTP VALVDP PA Subcritical pressure drop across valve
TP|C|GTP VALVESIZE 1/64in Valve opening in diameter
TP|C|GTP VALVOP NoUnit Relative valve opening
TP|C|GTP WCRIT KG/S-M2 Critical mass flux at throat

Wax deposition Output Variables

Wax deposition variables can only be used when WAXDEPOSITION=ON in the OPTIONS keyword.

Use as Name Units Definition

Boundary Variables
O|TP|PP|C ACCGLTWL KG Accumulated dissolved wax mass flow
O|TP|PP|C ACCGLTWS KG Accumulated suspended wax mass flow
O|TP|PP|C GWXDIP KG/S Mass flow rate of wax dispersed in oil
O|TP|PP|C GWXDIS KG/S Mass flow rate of wax dissolved in oil

Branch Variables
TP|C|GTP MLTWLBR KG Mass of dissolved wax in branch
TP|C|GTP MLTWSBR KG Mass of suspended wax in branch
TP|C|GTP MTWXBR KG Total mass of wax in branch
TP|C|GTP WAXMASBR KG Wax deposit mass in branch
TP|C|GTP WAXVOLBR M3 Wax deposit volume in branch

Pig Variables
TP|C|GTP ACCPWXM KG Accumulated wax mass removed from wall by pig
TP|C|GTP ACCPWXV M3 Accumulated wax volume removed from wall by pig
TP|C|GTP PIGWXBRF N Pig-wax breaking force
TP|C|GTP PIGWXPFF N Pig-wax plug friction force
TP|C|GTP PIGWXPLASTV N-S/M2 Pig-wax plug plastic viscosity
TP|C|GTP PIGWXPLEN M Pig-wax plug friction length
TP|C|GTP PIGWXYIELDS PA Pig-wax plug yield stress

Volume Variables
O|TP|PP|C BEWX - Volume fraction of wax dispersed in oil film
O|TP|PP|C DXWX M Thickness of wax layer deposited at wall
O|TP|PP|C GAWX - Volume fraction of wax dispersed in oil droplet field
O|TP|PP|C LEWIS NoUnit Lewis number
O|TP|PP|C MWXDIP KG/M3 Mass of wax dispersed in oil
O|TP|PP|C MWXDIS KG/M3 Mass of wax dissolved in oil
O|TP|PP|C MWXWAL KG/M3 Specific wax mass at wall
O|TP|PP|C SCHMIDT NoUnit Schmidt number
O|TP|PP|C TWSWX C Inner wall surface temperature adjusted for wax layer
O|TP|PP|C WAX_TCOND W/M-K Thermal conductivity of wax film, porosity included
O|TP|PP|C WAXAP C Wax appearance temperature
O|TP|PP|C WAXPOROSITY - Wax porosity (oil volume fraction in wax film)
O|TP|PP|C WXAVDC M2/S Molar average wax diffusion coefficient

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Compatibility matrix modules/options in OLGA

Pig
link

FEM

IPRs
Therm

Tracer
RMO
Simple

Tuning

Plug-in
Drilling
Hydrate
kinetics

tracking
tracking

Inhibitor
Black oil
Rheology

OLGA HD
Corrosion
Advanced

Pig tracking
fluid/Drilling

Steady state
OLGA ROCX

Particle Flow
Particle Flow

Single comp.

Slug tracking
Complex fluid
Sub-modeling

Process equip

Comp tracking
OLGA ECLIPSE

Annulus/gas lift
Steam water-HC

Wax deposition*
OK OK OK OK Note 8 Note 9 Note 9 Note 11
Steady state OK OK OK Note 1 OK Note 2 OK Note 3 Note 3 OK OK OK OK OK OK Note 1 OK Note 8

OLGA HD OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK Note 18 OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK Note 10 OK OK

OK

Comp OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
tracking

Note 4
Inhibitor OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
tracking

Note Note 16
Tracer OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK 16
OK OK OK OK OK Note 15 OK Note 7 Note 7 OK OK OK OK OK Note 23 OK
tracking

Black oil OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK

Wax OK OK OK OK Note 12 Note Note 16

Note 1 OK OK OK OK OK OK
deposition 16

Note Note 16
OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK 16
Corrosion

Process OK OK OK Note 15 OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK Note OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK

Note 2 Note 6 OK
equip 15

Pig OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK Note 13 OK OK

Slug tracking Note 3 OK OK OK Note 7 OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK Note 14 OK OK

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Pig tracking Note 3 OK OK OK Note 7 OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK Note 13 OK OK

Complex OK OK Note 6 OK OK OK Note Note 16

Note 20 OK OK OK OK
fluid 16

Note 20
OK Note OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK Note OK OK OK OK OK Note 22 OK OK OK OK OK OK Note Note 16
Rheology
18 19 16

IPRs OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK Note 19 OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK

Annulus/gas OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK Note Note 17

OK
lift 17

OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK Note Note 17
FEMTherm OK
17

Plug-in OK OK OK Note 15 OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK

Drilling OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
OK OK OK OK OK OK Note 24
fluid/Drilling

OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK Note Note 16
Tuning OK OK OK OK
16

Note Note 16
Hydrate Note 1 Note 4 Note 23 OK OK OK OK Note 24 OK OK OK OK OK Note 21 16
OK Note 22 OK OK
kinetics

RMO OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK

Steamwater- Note 8 OK OK OK OK OK
OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
HC

Single comp. Note 8 OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK

Particle Flow Note 9 OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK

OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
Simple

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Particle Flow Note 9 Note OK OK OK OK

OK OK OK OK OK OK OK Note 21
Advanced 10

Note OK Note OK OK OK
Submodeling OK OK OK Note 12 OK Note 14 Note 13 OK OK OK OK OK OK
11 13

OK Note 16 Note 16
OLGA ROCX OK Note 16 Note 16 OK OK OK OK Note 16 Note 16 OK Note 17 Note 17 Note 16

OK Note 16 Note 16
OLGA
OK Note 16 Note 16 OK OK OK OK Note 16 Note 16 OK Note 17 Note 17 Note 16
ECLIPSE link

* - Wax deposition, entrainment, viscosity correlation

Note 1: Steady state preprocessor can be run with wax deposition or hydrate kinetics activated, but the preprocessor does not consider the wax phase or hydrate formation.

Note 2: All process equipment except displacement pump, pump battery, controllers, separator, heated walls (subkey POWER and so on in WALL), leaks and check valves are
incorporated.

Note 3: Steady state preprocessor can be run to initialize cases with Slug tracking and Pig tracking, but the effect of tracking slugs and pigs is only seen in the transient
calculations.

Note 4: Hydrate kinetics models can be run with MEG/MeOH/EtOH, but in the internal hydrate kinetics model, the hydrate formation is not influenced.

Note 5: The Complex Fluid module (CFM) works well with the water option. However, when oil and water form an emulsion, the compatibility with CFM is not complete. For
stratified flow, the resulting emulsion viscosity is used correctly in CFM, but for slug flow only a volume weighted average between tabulated oil and water viscosities is used.

Note 6: Tabulated viscosities are used in the pump and compressor models instead of effective viscosities from the Complex Fluid module.

Note 7: Tracer tracking can be combined with slug tracking, but Tracer tracking uses the standard numeric scheme in OLGA and not the tracking scheme used in Slug tracking.
That is, the tracer masses are constant in a section and do not follow the slug front. In principle, Tracer tracking also works with Pig tracking (which is a special version of Slug
tracking), but there might be problems for sections without liquid. The chance for this happening is much less in a slug tracking simulation.

Note 8: The Steamwater-HC and single component options can both be run in the steady state preprocessor, but numerical problems can arise more easily. Cases where the
saturation is crossed when traveling from inlet to outlet in the pipeline can have problems.

Note 9: Steady state does not consider (a) bed, (b) slip between particles and fluid, and (c) non-uniform distribution of particles in fluid layers. The particle mass rate is
distributed to fluids according to volumetric rates of the phases.

Note 10: Velocity profiles from HD are not considered in the calculations.

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Note 11: The steady state solver does not account for the interactions between the submodel flow connections.

Note 12: Wax is not transported across the submodel flow connections.

Note 13: Pig will not cross submodel flow connections, that is, pig launch and pig trap positions need to be within the same submodel.

Note 14: Slugs and slug disks will not be passed between submodels.

Note 15: Jet pump is not compatible with Plug-in nor Tracer Tracking.

Note 16: The functionality can be used but it does not have an effect in the reservoir model, only in the flow network.

Note 17: FEMTherm can be used, but the temperature distribution computed by FEMTherm is not utilized by the reservoir simulator.

Note 18: The functionality can be used, but non-Newtonian rheology for stratified flow is accounted for only through computation of an apparent viscosity, which is used in a
Newtonian friction model.

Note 19: The functionality can be used, but non-Newtonian rheology is not used in the IPR models.

Note 20: If both Complex Fluid and Rheology are specified, Rheology is used.

Note 21: If a hydrate extension which adds hydrate as a wall layer, is used, results may be inaccurate because combination effects are not considered.

Note 22: If hydrate kinetics and non-Newtonian rheology are used, results may be inaccurate because combination effects are not considered.

Note 23: Hydrate kinetics models can be run with tracer tracking, but the hydrate formation is not influenced.

Note 24: Hydrate kinetics models can be run with drilling fluids when the pvt table or built-in correlation methods are used.

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HYDRATEOPTIONS (on Flowpath)

Key Type Parameter set Description
Unit:( ) Default:[ ]
CSMFATTRACTION Symbol <None> | YES | [NO] Constant adhesion force between
[NO] hydrate particles, FATTRACTION. [YES]
Adhesion force between hydrate particles
is calculated as a function of temperature.
CSMPARTICLEDIAMETER Symbol <None> | YES | NO: Use MEANDIAMETER. YES: Use
[NO] diameter calculated by CSM.
CSMSURFAREA Symbol <None> | YES | NO: Surface area for hydrate formation is
[NO] calculated by OLGA. (Recommended for
Kinetic model) YES: Surface area for
hydrate formation is calculated internally in
CSM code based on the particle diameter.
(Recommended for Transport model)
DIFFUSIVITY Real (m2/s) [1.0e-16] Diffusivity of methane through hydrate
shell. For cold flow model: Diffusivity of
methane in water.
FATTRACTION Real (mN/m) [50.0] Constant adhesion force between hydrate
particles.
GASGUESTFRACTION Real (-) [1] Mass fraction of hydrate guest molecules in
gas phase
HEATCAPACITY Real (J/kg-C) Heat capacity of hydrate particles.
HEATFORMATION Real (J/kg) Heat generated by hydrate formation, or
heat consumed by hydrate dissociation.
K1SCALINGFACTOR Real [1.0] Scaling factor for first kinetic reaction
coefficient. Suggested value for oil-
dominated systems is 0.002, for gas-
dominated systems is 1.
K2SCALINGFACTOR Real [1.0] Scaling factor for the second reaction
coefficient
MEANDIAMETER Real (m) [4.0e-5] Mean droplet diameter
OILGUESTFRACTION Real (-) [0] Mass fraction of hydrate guest molecules in
oil phase
USEDLL Symbol <None> | YES | NO: The routines embedded in the OLGA
[NO] executable are used. YES: csmhyddll.dll is
used. This dll must exist together with the
OLGA executable.

PIG (on Flowpath)

This statement defines the pig option.

The pig keyword should be used when the user wants to simulate a pig or plug in the pipeline. The pig is
inserted at LAUNCHPOSITION and taken out when it reaches either the TRAPPOSITION or a boundary
NODE. TRAPPOSITION can be in the same flowpath as LAUNCHPOSITION or in a different flowpath.
When the pig comes to an internal NODE or SEPARATOR it will take the path with the highest volume
flow. The path the pig takes in a network can be overridden by the ROUTING key. If the TRAPPOSITION
is specified in a different flowpath than LAUNCHPOSITION and the pig does not reach the
TRAPPOSITION (because highest volume flow or ROUTING does not take it there) the pig is taken out
when it reaches a boundary node.

The keys LINEARFRIC, QUADRATICFRIC and STATICFORCE are the usual way to define the friction of
the pig.

The keys LEAKAGEFACTOR, LEAKDPCOEF or LEAKOPENING are used to specify the leakage in the
propagation direction of the pig.

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The key DIAMETER is used to calculate the liquid backflow around the pig.

Key Type Parameter Description

set
Unit:( )
Default:[ ]
DIAMETER Real (m) Pig diameter. If pig diameter is smaller than pipe diameter,
back leakage between the pig and the wall will occur. NOTE!
If no diameter is given, the diameter of the pig is set to the
inner pipe diameter minus 4 times the wall roughness.
EXPOSE SymbolList States which keys should be made available as input
variables on the OPC server. Only keys that are explicitly set
can be exposed. To use the default value, you must define
this explicitly.
INSERTTIME RealList (s) Pig launch time for the time series.
LABEL String [PIG] Pig label, default is pig number.
LAUNCHPOSITION Symbol Position for pig launch. The pig is launched downstream of
the section boundary closest to the launch position.
LEAKAGEFACTOR Real (-) Pig leakage factor. Leakage factor at 0 corresponds to no
fluid flowing past pig, and 1.0 corresponds to all fluid flowing
past pig. When not given for the hydrate model, the program
will calculate the leakage factor from the cross sectional area.
Note that this key only influences the pressure induced flow
from upstream to downstream of the pig.
LEAKDPCOEF Real [1E199] Pressure loss coefficient measured by letting the fluid flow
past a pig that is fixed to the pipe wall. Note that this key only
influences the pressure induced flow from upstream to
downstream of the pig.
LEAKOPENING Real (-) [0.0] Leakage opening relative to pipe cross section area. Note
that this key only influences the pressure induced flow from
upstream to downstream of the pig.
LINEARFRIC Real [10] Linear friction factor coefficient for fluid friction of fluid film
(Ns/m) between pig and pipe wall.
MASS Real (kg) [140] Pig mass.
PGWXFORMFAC Real (-) [0.0] Pig form factor in the wax breaking force equation. Only
available with the wax module. (See the Pig - Model
description)
QUADRATICFRIC Real [0.0] Quadratic friction factor coefficient for fluid friction of fluid film
(Ns2/m2) between pig and pipe wall.
ROUTING SymbolList Name of branches a pig passes from the launch position to
trap position. This key is optional. If not given, a pig goes to
the branch that has the highest volumetric flowrate out of the
node the pig enters. When given, the launch branch name
must be the first in the list.
STATICFORCE Real (N) [1000.0] Force necessary to tear pig loose from the wall.
TRACKSLUG Symbol <None> | When turned on the slug in front of the pig is generated and
ON | [OFF] tracked, else no slug is set up in front of the pig. Activating
this key requires access to the slugtracking module.
TRAPPOSITION Symbol POSITION | Position for pig trap. The pig is trapped at the boundary
closest to the trap position. Trap position is optional and if not
given, the pig is removed when it exits through a terminal
node.
WALLFRICTION Real [1000.0] Factor for wall friction between pig and pipe.
(Ns/m)
WPPLASTVISC Real (N- [-1] Plastic viscosity of wax plug in front of pig. The wax plug is
s/m2) assumed to exhibit Bingham fluid behavior. -1 implies using
internal model for estimating the plastic viscosity. Only
available with the wax module. (See the Pig - Model
description)
WPPOROSITY Real (-) [-1] Porosity of wax plug in front of pig. Used for wax plug friction
calculation. Default value -1 implies that the porosity of the
wax wall layer is used for the wax plug. A value = 1 implies
that no wax plug friction will be applied. Only available with
the wax module. (See the Pig - Model description)

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WPYIELDSTRESS Real [-1] Yield stress of wax plug in front of pig. The wax plug is assumed to exhibit
(Pa) Bingham fluid behavior. -1 implies using internal model for estimating the
yield stress. Only available with the wax module. (See the Pig - Model
description)
WXBRFCOEF Real [0.0] Coefficient C in the wax breaking force equation. Only available with the
(-) wax module. (See the Pig - Model description)
WXRMEFF Real [1.0] Wax removal efficiency. Only available with the wax module. (See the Pig -
(-) Model description)
WXYIELDSTR Real [-1] Yield stress of wax layer on the wall. -1 implies that the internal yieldstress
(Pa) correlation is used. Only available with the wax module. (See the Pig -
Model description)

Signal connections - Input

Name Description
LAUNCH When connected, this terminal defines the PIG launch signal.
LEAKAGEFACTOR When connected, this terminal value defines the LEAKAGEFACTOR
key value.
LINEARFRIC When connected, this terminal value defines the LINEARFRIC key
value.
MASS When connected, this terminal value defines the MASS key value.
QUADRATICFRIC When connected, this terminal value defines the QUADRATICFRIC
key value.
STATICFORCE When connected, this terminal value defines the STATICFORCE key
value.
WALLFRICTION When connected, this terminal value defines the WALLFRICTION key
value.

RHEOLOGY (on Flowpath)

This keyword contains parameters that are used to account for non-Newtonian behavior of the flowing
phases.

See non-Newtonian rheology for more information.

Key Type Parameter set Description

Unit:( ) Default:[ ]
AGAS Real coefficient A in Robertson-Stiff
rheology model for gas phase
AOIL Real coefficient A in Robertson-Stiff
rheology model for oil phase
AWATER Real coefficient A in Robertson-Stiff
rheology model for water phase
BGAS Real coefficient B in Robertson-Stiff
rheology model for gas phase
BOIL Real coefficient B in Robertson-Stiff
rheology model for oil phase
BWATER Real coefficient B in Robertson-Stiff
rheology model for water phase
CGAS Real coefficient C in Robertson-Stiff
rheology model for gas phase
COIL Real coefficient C in Robertson-Stiff
rheology model for oil phase
CWATER Real coefficient C in Robertson-Stiff
rheology model for water phase
GASCONSISTENCY Real Consistency factor of gas phase in
production fluid.
GASEXPONENT Real Exponent of gas phase in production
fluid.
GASFANNTABLE Symbol FannData | | Label of Fann table in Fann file, used
for gas phase in production fluid.
GASPLASTICVISCOSITY Real (N-s/m2) Plastic viscosity of gas phase in
production fluid.

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TRACERFEED SymbolList Tracer label that the tracer type variables are
plotted for.
VARIABLE SymbolList List of variables to be printed. Units may be
(ValueUnitPair) specified.

SERVERDATA (on Flowpath)

This statement defines the SERVERDATA. The variables that are defined in SERVERDATA serves two
purposes. The variables that will be available through the OPC interface and available for the interactive
plotting and viewing of values in GUI.

If the position is given either through pipe/section or through a reference to an equipment label e.g.
VALVE-1, the variables are trend variables.

However, if the position is not specified, the variables are treated as profile variables.

More than one server data statement can be specified for each flowpath. The DTPLOT can differ from
statement to statement, meaning that the plotting frequency can vary between different variables.

Key Type Parameter set Description

Unit:( ) Default:[ ]
ABSPOSITION RealList (m) Pipeline position where the variable will be
plotted. Absolute position. Distance from
branch inlet.
AGEGROUPID IntegerList Age group for plotting inhibitors variables with
aging effect, for example, Kinetic hydrate
inhibitor (KHI).
BORNEMANNPUMP SymbolList Bornemann pump for which the variable is to
be plotted.
CENTRIFUGALPUMP SymbolList Centrifugal pump for which the variable is to
be plotted.
CHECKVALVE SymbolList Checkvalve for which the variable is to be
plotted.
COMPONENT SymbolList Component names. Using the Inhibitor
tracking module, available components are
HC, H2O and MEG/MEOH/ETOH. For
compositional models the names of the
available components are given in the feed
file. Else, for DRILLING=ON under OPTIONS,
available components are HC, H2O,
MEG/MEOH/ETOH and MUD components (a
CUTTING component is available if
PARTICLEFLOW=SIMPLE/ADVANCED).
COMPRESSOR SymbolList Compressor for which the variable is to be
plotted.
DISPERSION SymbolList User Defined (UD) dispersion names.
DISPLACEMENTPUMP SymbolList Displacement pump for which the variable is to
be plotted.
DTPLOT Real (s) [0] Interval for update of server data.
ESPUMP SymbolList ESP (Electric submersible pump) for which the
variable is to be plotted.
FLOWLAYER SymbolList ALL | GAS | OIL | Flowing layers
WATER | BED |
WALL |
HEATEXCHANGER SymbolList HeatExchanger for which the variable is to be
plotted.
HYKPID IntegerList Array element index of HYKPLIST.
LAYER IntegerList Wall layer number for plotting of wall
temperatures. Layer number 1 is the innermost
one.
LEAK SymbolList Leak for which the variable is to be plotted.
NEARWELLSOURCE SymbolList NearWellSource for which the variable is to be
plotted.
ONESUBSEAPUMP SymbolList OneSubsea pump for which the variable is to
be plotted.
PHASE SymbolList User Defined (UD) phase names.

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PIG SymbolList Pig for which the variable is to be plotted.

PIPE SymbolList Pipe numbers or labels where the variables
will be plotted.
POSITION SymbolList Labels of specified positions where the
variables will be plotted.
PRESSUREBOOST SymbolList Pressure boost for which the variable is to be
plotted.
PUMPBATTERY SymbolList Pump battery for which the variable is to be
plotted.
RESERVOIRCONTACT SymbolList ReservoirContact for which the variable is to
be plotted.
SECTION IntegerList Section or section boundary numbers where
the variables will be plotted.
SIMPLIFIEDPUMP SymbolList Simplified pump for which the variable is to be
plotted.
SLUGID IntegerList [0] Unique identity defining a slug or a pig.
SOURCE SymbolList Source for which the variable is to be plotted.
TRACERFEED SymbolList Tracer label that the tracer type variables are
plotted for.
TRANSMITTER SymbolList Transmitter for which the variable is to be
plotted.
VALVE SymbolList Valve for which the variable is to be plotted.
VARIABLE SymbolList List of variables to be plotted. Units should not
(ValueUnitPair) be used.
WELLDETAILS Symbol <None> | YES | Switch telling whether to store server data for
[NO] all autogenerated IPR sources within
Reservoir contacts.

TRENDDATA (on Flowpath)

This statement defines the trend data to be plotted. A trend plot is a time series plot for a specified
variable. Global and branch variables are not available on this level.

For available variables see the Output Variables section.

Key Type Parameter set Description

Unit:( ) Default:[ ]
ABSPOSITION RealList (m) Pipeline position where the variable will be
plotted. Absolute position. Distance from
branch inlet.
AGEGROUPID IntegerList Age group for plotting inhibitors variables with
aging effect, for example, Kinetic hydrate
inhibitor (KHI).
BORNEMANNPUMP SymbolList Bornemann pump for which the variable is to
be plotted.
CENTRIFUGALPUMP SymbolList Centrifugal pump for which the variable is to
be plotted.
CHECKVALVE SymbolList Checkvalve for which the variable is to be
plotted.
COMPONENT SymbolList Component names. Using the Inhibitor
tracking module, available components are
HC, H2O and MEG/MEOH/ETOH. For
compositional models the names of the
available components are given in the feed
file. Else, for DRILLING=ON under OPTIONS,
available components are HC, H2O,
MEG/MEOH/ETOH and MUD components (a
CUTTING component is available if
PARTICLEFLOW=SIMPLE/ADVANCED).
COMPRESSOR SymbolList Compressor for which the variable is to be
plotted.
DISPERSION SymbolList User Defined (UD) dispersion names.
DISPLACEMENTPUMP SymbolList Displacement pump for which the variable is to
be plotted.
ESPUMP SymbolList ESP (Electric submersible pump) for which the
variable is to be plotted.

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FLOWLAYER SymbolList ALL | GAS | OIL | Flowing layers

WATER | BED |
WALL |
HEATEXCHANGER SymbolList HeatExchanger for which the variable is to be
plotted.
HYKPID IntegerList Array element index of HYKPLIST.
LAYER IntegerList Wall layer number for plotting of wall
temperatures. Layer number 1 is the innermost
one.
LEAK SymbolList Leak for which the variable is to be plotted.
NEARWELLSOURCE SymbolList NearWellSource for which the variable is to be
plotted.
ONESUBSEAPUMP SymbolList OneSubsea pump for which the variable is to
be plotted.
PHASE SymbolList User Defined (UD) phase names.
PIG SymbolList Pig for which the variable is to be plotted.
PIPE SymbolList Pipe numbers or labels where the variables
will be plotted.
POSITION SymbolList Labels of specified positions where the
variables will be plotted.
PRESSUREBOOST SymbolList Pressure boost for which the variable is to be
plotted.
PUMPBATTERY SymbolList Pump battery for which the variable is to be
plotted.
RESERVOIRCONTACT SymbolList ReservoirContact for which the variable is to
be plotted.
SECTION IntegerList Section or section boundary numbers where
the variables will be plotted.
SIMPLIFIEDPUMP SymbolList Simplified pump for which the variable is to be
plotted.
SLUGID IntegerList [0] Unique identity defining a slug or a pig.
SOURCE SymbolList Source for which the variable is to be plotted.
SURGEVOL_HLQMAX Real (m3/d) [0] Maximum oil drainage rate
SURGEVOL_LTQMAX Real (m3/d) [0] Maximum liquid drainage rate.
SURGEVOL_WTQMAX Real (m3/d) [0] Maximum water drainage rate.
TRACERFEED SymbolList Tracer label that the tracer type variables are
plotted for.
TRANSMITTER SymbolList Transmitter for which the variable is to be
plotted.
UDVARIABLES SymbolList List of user-defined variables to be plotted.
Write ALL to plot all variables defined in the
PlugIn dll. The key can only be used when
PIPE and SECTION are specified.
VALVE SymbolList Valve for which the variable is to be plotted.
VARIABLE SymbolList List of variables to be plotted. Units should not
(ValueUnitPair) be used.
WELLDETAILS Symbol <None> | YES | Switch telling whether to store trend data for all
[NO] autogenerated IPR sources within Reservoir
contacts.

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EFFRATED Adiabatic efficiency of pump at rated

Real [0.5] conditions.
FLOWRATED Rated pump flow.
Real (m3/s)
LABEL Label of the pump.
String [SIMPLIFIEDPUMP]
MAXSPEED Maximum pump speed.
Real (rpm)
MINSPEED Minimum pump speed.
Real (rpm) [0.0]
PIPE Pipe label for pump location.
Symbol PIPE |
POSITION Position where pump is located.
Symbol POSITION |
SECTIONBOUNDARY Section boundary number where the pump is
Integer located.
SPEEDR Rated pump speed.
Real (rpm)

Signal connections - Input

Name Description
SPEEDSIG When connected, this terminal defines the speed of the pump. Read more about the
alternatives in Controlling the pump speed.

TRANSMITTER (on Flowpath)

This keyword is used to define output signals from flowpath, process equipment, node, separator and
phase split node.

The signals can be received by a controller. The signals are defined through the variable key, for example,
fluid pressure in the flowpath (PT) or liquid level in the separator (LIQLV). Controllers that receive these
measured values use them to calculate new signals which in turn are used to regulate, for example, a
valve opening (see Controllers). If several different output signals are needed form the same position, add
a transmitter per output signal. However, the several controllers can receive the output signal from one
transmitter.

Note: If a branch variable is to be controlled, add a transmitter to the flowpath at a dummy location (use
a valid absolute position or pipe/section). The location is only used graphically to position the transmitter
along the flowpath.

Key Type Parameter set Description

Unit:( ) Default:[ ]
ABSPOSITION Real (m) Absolute position. Distance from branch
inlet.
AGEGROUPID Integer Age group for plotting inhibitors variables
with aging effect, e.g. Kinetic hydrate
inhibitor (KHI).
BORNEMANNPUMP Symbol BORNEMANNPUMP | Bornemann pump where the transmitter is
located.
CENTRIFUGALPUMP Symbol CENTRIFUGALPUMP | Centrifugal pump where the transmitter is
located.
CHECKVALVE Symbol CHECKVALVE | Checkvalve where the transmitter is
located.

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COMPONENT Symbol ComponentData |

Component name for transmitting
compositional variable. Using the Inhibitor
tracking module, available components
are HC, H2O and MEG/MEOH/ETOH.
For compositional models the names of
the available components are given in the
feed file. Else, for DRILLING=ON under
OPTIONS, available components are HC,
H2O, MEG/MEOH/ETOH and MUD
components (a CUTTING component is
available if
PARTICLEFLOW=SIMPLE/ADVANCED).
COMPRESSOR Symbol COMPRESSOR | Compressor where the transmitter is
located.
DISPLACEMENTPUMP Symbol DISPLACEMENTPUMP Displacement pump where the transmitter
| is located.
ESPUMP Symbol ESPUMP | ESP (Electrical Submersible Pump)
where the transmitter is located.
HEATEXCHANGER Symbol HEATEXCHANGER | HeatExchanger where the transmitter is
located.
HYKPID Integer Array element index of HYKPLIST.
LABEL String [TM] Name of transmitter
LAYER Integer Wall layer number for plotting of wall
temperature. Layer number 1 is the
innermost one.
LEAK Symbol LEAK | Leak where the transmitter is located.
NEARWELLSOURCE Symbol NEARWELLSOURCE | NearWellSource where the transmitter is
located.
ONESUBSEAPUMP Symbol ONESUBSEAPUMP | OneSubsea pump where the transmitter
is located.
PIG Symbol PIG | Pig from which variable is retrieved.
PIPE Symbol PIPE | Pipe name where the transmitter is
located.
POSITION Symbol POSITION | Position where the transmitter is located.
PRESSUREBOOST Symbol PRESSUREBOOST | Pressure boost where the transmitter is
located.
PUMPBATTERY Symbol PUMPBATTERY | Pump battery where the transmitter is
located.
RESERVOIRCONTACT Symbol RESERVOIRCONTACT RESERVOIRCONTACT where the
| transmitter is located.
SECTION Integer Section number where the transmitter is
located.
SECTIONBOUNDARY Integer Section boundary number where the
transmitter is located.
SIMPLIFIEDPUMP Symbol SIMPLIFIEDPUMP | Simplified pump where the transmitter is
located.
SOURCE Symbol SOURCE | Source where the transmitter is located.
TRACERFEED Symbol TRACERFEED | Tracer label that the tracer type variables
are plotted for.
VALVE Symbol VALVE | Valve where the transmitter is located.
VARIABLE Symbol 2| Name of variable to be transmitted. Note:
(ValueUnitPair) if the unit is not specified, SI units will be
used.

Signal connections Output

Name Description
OUTSIG

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