Haramaya University

College of Medicine and Health sciences

School of Nursing and Midwifery

Assessment of Prevalence of diarrheal diseases and associated factors among

Ambo town under five children ,West Shoa, Oromia Regional State, West
Ethiopia, 2021

By:- Dejene ( BSC)

A research proposal to be submitted to Haramaya University ,College of Medicine and Health

Sciences, School of Nursing and Midwifery in partial fulfillment of the requirement for degree
in Y

September, 2021
Haramaya, Ethiopia

i
 Haramaya University
College of Medicine and Health sciences

School of Nursing and Midwifery

Assessment of Prevalence of diarrheal diseases and associated factors among Ambo town under
five children ,West Shoa, Oromia Regional State, West Ethiopia, 2021

By:- Dejene ( BSC)

Advisor: M

September, 2021

Haramaya, Ethiopia

ii
Acknowledgement

iii
Table of contents

Table of Contents
Contents Page

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT................................................................................................................................ III
TABLE OF CONTENTS.................................................................................................................................. IV
LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................................................................ VI
LIST FIGURES................................................................................................................................................ VI
ABBREVIATION AND ACRONYMS............................................................................................................ VII
PROPOSAL SUMMARY......................................................................................................................................... 1
1. INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................................... 2
1.1. BACKGROUND ( MAX OF 2PAGES)...............................................................................................................................2
1.2. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM ( MAX 1.5 PAGES)........................................................................................................4
1.3. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY (1 PARAGRAPH).............................................................................................................4
1.4. OBJECTIVES.......................................................................................................................................................... 5
1.4.1. General Objective.........................................................................................................................................5
1.4.2. Specific objectives........................................................................................................................................5
2. LITERATURE REVIEW ( 3 -5 PAGES)....................................................................................................... 6
3. METHODOLOGY ( 4-5 PAGES).......................................................................................................................... 7
3.1. STUDY AREA & PERIOD....................................................................................................................................7
3.2. STUDY DESIGN...................................................................................................................................................... 7
3.3. POPULATION.........................................................................................................................................................7
3.3.1. Source population........................................................................................................................................7
3.3.2. . Study population........................................................................................................................................7
3.3.3. Sampling unit...............................................................................................................................................7
3.3.4. Inclusion........................................................................................................................................................8
3.3.5. Exclusion.......................................................................................................................................................8
3.4. SAMPLE SIZE DETERMINATION AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUE............................................................................................8
3.4.1. Sample size determination..........................................................................................................................8
3.4.2. Sampling technique.....................................................................................................................................8
3.5. Data collection tool and techniques...............................................................................................................8
3.6. DATA QUALITY CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT................................................................................................8
3.7. DATA ANALYSIS................................................................................................................................................8
3.8. VARIABLES........................................................................................................................................................... 8
3.8.1. Dependent variable(s).................................................................................................................................8
3.8.2. Independent variables.................................................................................................................................8
3.9. OPERATIONAL DEFINITION......................................................................................................................................8
3.10. ETHICAL CONSIDERATION..............................................................................................................................8
4. DUMMY TABLES......................................................................................................................................... 8

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5. PROJECT WORK PLAN.............................................................................................................................. 8
6. BUDGET BREAK DOWN............................................................................................................................. 9
7. REFERENCE............................................................................................................................................... 10
ANNEX I: CONSENT AND INFORMATION SHEET.................................................................................................. 10
ANNEX II: QUESTIONNAIRE (ENGLISH VERSION)................................................................................................. 10
ANNEX III: QUESTIONNAIRE ( AFAN OROMO VERSION)......................................................................................11

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List of Tables

List Figures

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Abbreviation and acronyms
HHs …………….households

U5C ……………Under five years children

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Proposal summary
Diarrhea is still a leading cause of death in Ethiopian children under the age of five. Diarrhea risk
factors vary by context and have important implications for developing appropriate disease-
reduction strategies.
Objective: To assess prevalence of diarrheal diseases and associated factors among Ambo town
under five children ,West Shoa, Oromia Regional State, West Ethiopia, 2021
Method: Community based cross-sectional study will be conducted to determine the prevalence
of diarrheal disease and associated factors among Ambo town under five children
Keywords: Diarrhea, Factors, under five children, Ambo town

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1. Introduction
1.1. Background ( max of 2pages)
Diarrhea is still the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children under the age of five
around the world. Children in low and middle-income countries bear a disproportionate share of
the burden. Young children are particularly vulnerable to diarrheal disease, with a high
proportion of deaths occurring during the first two years of life. The majority of diarrhea-related
deaths occur in Africa and South Asia worldwide. Nearly half of all diarrhea deaths among
young children occur in Africa, where diarrhea is the leading cause of death among children
under the age of five and a leading cause of childhood illness[1-4].
Although some of the factors associated with diarrhea in Ethiopian children, such as Acute
Respiratory Infection (ARI), maternal history of recent diarrhea, maternal education, well source
of water, obtaining water from storage container by dipping, availability of latrine facilities,
living in a house with fewer rooms, not breast feeding, duration of breast feeding, and child
age[5- 8].
Epidemiologic studies show that the factors influencing the occurrence of diarrhea in children
are complex, and the relative contribution of each factor varies depending on the interaction of
socioeconomic, environmental, and behavioral variables. [5,9-11].
According to recent research, studies in different environments and prioritizing interventions based on
context would be beneficial in preventing diarrhea deaths. [12].

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1.2. Statement of the problem ( max 1.5 pages)
Despite the disease's high prevalence in Ethiopia, reports from population-based studies are scarce. The
study would be useful in the planning and implementation of community-level prevention strategies.
Thus, the goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of diarrhea and its associated factors in
children under the age of five.

1.3. Significance of the study (1 paragraph)

4
1.4. Objectives
1.4.1. General Objective

1.4.2. Specific objectives

5
2. Literature Review ( 3 -5 pages)

6
3. Methodology ( 4-5 pages)
3.1. Study area & period
A community-based cross-sectional study will be conducted from September to October
20/2021 in Ambo town, Oromia Regional state, western Ethiopia.
The town has an estimated 97,318 total populations of these 42,492 are under-five children
and 50, 113 households. In the town t, there are one referral hospital, one General Hospital,
02 health centers, 6 health posts & 26 Medium & 10 small private health institutions that
provide preventive and curative services to the community.
The potential health services coverage of the town was 70%, but according to the annual
report of West Showa Zonal health office, in 2020/2021 Pneumonia, Helminthiasis,
Diarrheal diseases, Acute Respiratory Infection and Malnutrition were the top five diseases
of under-five morbidity in the town.

3.2. Study design

Community based cross-sectional study will be conducted

3.3. Population
3.3.1. Source population
Source population will be all under-five children living in Ambo town
3.3.2. . Study population
Study population will be randomly selected households (HHs) with at least one under-five
children.
3.3.3. Sampling unit

3.3.4. Inclusion

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 3.3.5. Exclusion

3.4. Sample size determination and sampling technique

3.4.1. Sample size determination

3.4.2. Sampling technique

3.5. Data collection tool and techniques

3.6. Data quality control and management

3.7. Data analysis

3.8. Variables
3.8.1. Dependent variable(s)

3.8.2. Independent variables

3.9. Operational Definition

3.10. Ethical consideration

The study will be approved by college of health Sciences Research Ethical review committee of
Haramaya University prior to data collection
4. Dummy Tables

5. Project work plan

Responsible Time table

S/N List of activities body
Aug
Aug

Sept

Sept
July

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1 Topic selection Researcher X

2 Proposal writing Researcher X x x x

3 Submission of first draft of Researcher x
proposal
4 Submission of final draft of Researcher
proposal X
5 Researcher
Data collection +Supervisor
+Data Collector

6 Process and analyzing row data Supervisor+

Data Collector
7 Report writing and finalizing Researcher
8 Submission of final research Researcher
paper

6. Budget break down

9
7. Reference

Annex I: Consent and information sheet

Annex II: Questionnaire (English version)

Annex III: Questionnaire ( Afan Oromo version)

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Sample size calculation

n= (1.96)2(0.299)(0.701)/(.05)2

= 322

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Where p taken from Prevalence of Diarrheal Disease among Under-Five Children. +e overall prevalence
of diarrheal diseases among under-five children was 29.9% (Diarrheal Diseases in Under-Five Children
and Associated Factors among Farta District Rural Community, Amhara Regional State, North Central
Ethiopia: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study , 22 April, 2020, Yilkal Tafere et al.

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