Lecture Slides

Chapter 17

Flexible Mechanical
Elements

The McGraw-Hill Companies © 2012

Chapter Outline

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Characteristics of Some Common Belt Types

Table 17–1

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Flat-Belt Geometry – Open Belt

Fig.17–1a Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design

Flat-Belt Geometry – Crossed Belt

Fig.17–1b Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design

Reversing Belts

Fig.17–2 Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design

Flat-belt with Out-of-plane Pulleys

Fig.17–3 Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design

 Flat-belt Shifting Without Clutch

Fig.17–4 Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design

 Variable-Speed Belt Drives

Fig.17–5 Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design

Free Body of Infinitesimal Element of Flat Belt

Fig.17–6

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Free Body of Infinitesimal Element of Flat Belt

Fig.17–6

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Analysis of Flat Belt

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Hoop Tension Due to Centrifugal Force

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Forces and Torques on a Pulley

Fig.17–7

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Initial Tension

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Flat Belt Tensions

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Plot of Belt Tension vs. Initial Tension

Fig.17–8
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Transmitted Horsepower

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Correction Factors

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Velocity Correction Factor Cv for Leather Belts

Fig.17–9
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Pulley Correction Factor CP for Flat Belts

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Steps for Flat-Belt Analysis

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Properties of Some Flat- and Round-Belt Materials

Table 17–2 Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design

Minimum Pulley Sizes for Flat and Round Urethane Belts

Table 17–3

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Crown Height and ISO Pulley Diameters for Flat Belts

Table 17–5

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 Example 17–1

Fig.17–10 Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design

Example 17–1

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Example 17–1

Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design

Example 17–1

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Belt-Tensioning Schemes

Fig.17–11 Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design

Relation of Dip to Initial Tension

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Example 17–2

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Example 17–2

Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design

Example 17–2

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Example 17–2

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Example 17–2

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Variation of Flat-Belt Tensions at Some Cardinal Points

Fig.17–12 Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design

 Flat Metal Belts
 Thin metal belts exhibit
◦ High strength-to-weight ratio
◦ Dimensional stability
◦ Accurate timing
◦ Usefulness to temperatures up to 700ºF
◦ Good electrical and thermal conduction properties

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Tensions and Torques in Thin Flat Metal Belt

Fig.17–13

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Bending Stress in Flat Metal Belt

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 Tensile Stresses in Flat Metal Belt

Largest tensile stress during a belt pass:

Smallest tensile stress during a belt pass:

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Belt Life for Stainless Steel Friction Drives

Table 17–6

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Regression Line for Stress and Passes

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Minimum Pulley Diameter

Table 17–7
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Typical Material Properties for Metal Belts

Table 17–8

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Steps for Selection of Metal Flat Belt

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Steps for Selection of Metal Flat Belt

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Example 17–3

Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design

Example 17–3

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Standard V-Belt Sections

Table 17–9

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Inside Circumferences of Standard V-Belts

Table 17–10

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Length Conversion Dimensions

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V-Belt Pitch Length and Center-to-Center Distance

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 Horsepower Ratings of Standard V-Belts
Table 17–12

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Adjusted Power

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 Angle of Wrap Correction Factor

Table 17–13
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Belt-Length Correction Factor

Table 17–14

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Belting Equation for V-Belt

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 Design Power for V-Belt

Number of belts:

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Suggested Service Factors for V-Belt Drives

Table 17–15

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 V-Belt Tensions

Fig.17–14 Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design

V-Belt Tensions

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Some V-Belt Parameters

Table 17–16
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V-Belt Factor of Safety

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V-Belt Tension vs. Passes

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Durability Parameters for Some V-Belt Sections

Table 17–17

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Example 17–4

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Example 17–4

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Example 17–4

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Example 17–4

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 Timing Belts

Fig.17–15
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Standard Pitches of Timing Belts

Table 17–18

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Roller Chain

Fig.17–16 Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design

Dimensions of American Standard Roller Chains

Table 17–19
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Engagement of Chain and Sprocket

Fig.17–17

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Chain Velocity

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Chordal Speed Variation

Fig.17–18

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Roller Chain Rated Horsepower Capacity

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Roller Chain Rated Horsepower Capacity

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Available Sprocket Tooth Counts

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Tooth Correction Factors K1

Table 17–22 Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design

Multiple-Strand Factors K2

Table 17–23

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 Nominal Power Ratings for Chain
 From American Chain Association publication Chains for Power
Transmission and Materials Handling
 For single-strand chain
 Nominal power, link-plate limited

 Nominal power, roller-limited

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 Chain Dimensions
 Chain length in pitches

 Center-to-center distance

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 Chain Drive Power
 Allowable power

 Power that must be transmitted

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 Variations in Tabulated Power Conditions
 Power ratings in Table 17–20 are for chains of 100 pitch length and
17-tooth sprocket.
 For deviations from this,

 From a deviation viewpoint,

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Recommended Maximum Chain Speed

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Example 17–5

Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design

Example 17–5

Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design

Example 17–5

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Types of Wire Rope

Fig.17–19

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Stress in Wire Rope

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Wire-Rope Data

Table 17–24
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 Equivalent Bending Load
 Wire rope tension giving same tensile stress as sheave bending is
called equivalent bending load Fb

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Percent Strength Loss

Fig.17–20

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Minimum Factors of Safety for Wire Rope

Table 17–25 Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design

Bearing Pressure of Wire Rope in Sheave Groove

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Maximum Allowable Bearing Pressures (in psi)

Table 17–26 Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design

Relation Between Fatigue Life of Wire Rope and Sheave Pressure

Fig.17–21 Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design

 Fatigue of Wire Rope
 Fig. 17–21does not preclude failure by fatigue or wear
 It does show long life if p/Su is less than 0.001.
 Substituting this ratio in Eq. (17–42),

 Dividing both sides of Eq. (17–42) by Su and solving for F, gives

allowable fatigue tension,

 Factor of safety for fatigue is

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Typical Strength of Individual Wires

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Service-Life Curve Based on Bending and Tensile Stresses

Fig.17–22 Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design

Some Wire-Rope Properties

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Working Equations for Mine-Hoist Problem

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Working Equations for Mine-Hoist Problem

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Example 17–6

Fig.17–23 Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design

Example 17–6

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Example 17–6

Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design

Example 17–6

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Flexible Shaft Configurations

Fig.17–24b
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Flexible Shaft Construction Details

Fig.17–24a

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