IJIRST –International Journal for Innovative Research in Science & Technology| Volume 1 | Issue 12 | May 2015

ISSN (online): 2349-6010

Experimental Investigation on Heat Transfer

Characteristics from Liquid Jet Impingement to
Different Flat Plates
Sandeep Sharma Rakesh Kumar
M. Tech Scholar Associate Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Bhaddal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Bhaddal

Abstract
This work presents and discusses the results of an experimental investigation of heat transfer between the different plates of
impinged jets. An unconfined jet of water is impinged on the mild steel copper and aluminium plate and the position of the plate
to nozzle distance of 20mm for each plate.The experiment is focused on the verification of the jet effect on the distribution of
local heat transfer coefficient on the impinged target surface. The effect of flow in jet to test plate distance are also examined at
fixed intersect spacing. As the result obtained the heat transfer rate experienced by a aluminium plate was more followed by mild
steel plate and copper plate, when direct jet of fluid is impinged on it. Also compare the nozzle to plate distance 10 mm from
each plate.
Keywords: Jet impingement, Jet to test plate, unconfined jet, Aluminum plate, Mild steel plate, Copper plate
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

I. INTRODUCTION
Jet impingement involves a jet flow of fluid from a nozzle of a given configuration to a target surface. It is a common method for
heating or cooling solid surfaces. Heat transfer for impinging jet is generally higher than that achieving with conventional
methods. Heat transfer rates in case of impinging jets are affected by various parameters like Reynolds number, nozzle plate
spacing, radial distance from stagnation point, pradntl number, and target plate inclination confinement of the jet, nozzle
geometry, and roughness of the target plate. Nikuradse[1] investigated of the effect of surface roughness on the fluid flow who
measured pressure drop and velocity profile for water flowing on pipes roughened by Sand grains Gardon and cobonoque[2]have
reported the heat transfer distribution between circular jet and flat plate for the nozzle plate spacings greater than two times the
diameter of jet, both for single jet and array of jets. They have used specially designed heat flux gauge for the measurement of
local heat transfer rates from a constant wall temperature plate. Livingood [3] presented a survey of literature on Impingement
heat transfer from turbulent air jets to flat plates, A comparison in tabular form was made to analyze the heat transfer coefficient
variation. Turbold and Obot [4] investigated the effect of heat transfer on cross flow multi air jet impingement to rough surface
composed of repeated ribs. Z. H. Lin, Y. J. Chou [5] experimentally investigated the heat transfer behaviors of a confined slot jet
impingement has been systematically performed.. As for the investigation of heat transfer behaviors on stagnation, local and
average Nusselt number, it is evident that the effect of jet separation distance is not significant; while the heat transfer
performance increases with increasing jet Reynolds number. . Hani A. El-Sheikh and Suresh V. Garimella [6] investigated the
enhancement of heat transfer from pin-fin heat sink using multiple air jets impingement. The use of multiple jets is expected to
provide greater options for trade-offs between air flow rate, pumping power and cooling rates, in addition to allowing greater
temperature uniformity in the heat sink. Abdlmonem et al.[7] examined and compared the effect of surface roughness on the
average heat transfer coefficient for a smooth surface. Surface roughness disrupts the boundary layer and promotes turbulence of
the wall jet which results in an increase in heat transfer. For the present experiments the average Nusselt number increased by up
to 6% over the whole surface area. Mangesh Chaudhary et al. [8] investigated the heat transfer characteristics of synthetic jet
impingement cooling. In this experimental work, average heat transfer coefficient as a function of various geometric parameters
has been measured and presented in this work. An experimental setup has been carefully designed, fabricated and validated
towards this end. It is noticed that the average heat transfer coefficient is affected by the orifice diameter, and increases with a
decrease in the thickness of the orifice plate. In this study an experimental work was done analyzing for both rough and smooth
plate and compares the result each of them.

II. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP

The experimental set up consists of test section, flat plate and round jet. The test section in figure 1 is made of mild steel..
There are slots provided in a test section. Firstly, the aluminium plate which is placed in slots of test section is placed at a
distance from nozzle z=10 mm. Similarly ,mild steel and copper plate is placed at a same distance z=10 mm. Then heating the

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 Experimental Investigation on Heat Transfer Characteristics from Liquid Jet Impingement to Different Flat Plates
(IJIRST/ Volume 1 / Issue 12 / 022)

plate and finding the heat transfer characteristics in plate. When jet is impinged on a plate because the aim of the study is to
determine the heat transfer characteristics on water jet impinged on a flat plate. The jet is impinged on a plate by using a water
pump. A simple water pump is used in the experiment. It takes the water from water tank .The round nozzle is attached to the
pump. Then the unconfined flow strikes test plate at different heights.
The heating unit assembled to test plate is mainly a coil type heater of 10 mm daimeter. The power input to the heater is
controlled by Variac to obtain a steady state condition along the test piece. The steady state temperature of the flat plate was
measured by J-type thermocouples inserted into different positions in test plate.. This J-type thermocouple is made of
homogeneous material which provides accuracy in measurement. Therefore, three readings are obtained from aluminum plate,
mild steel plate and copper plate at a distance from nozzle10 mm. Similarly ,readings can be taken from this three plates at
distance of 20 mm. The reading of thermocouple is recorded by using digital temperature controller and the average of these
readings is taken to steady state temperature of the test surface.

Fig. 1: Experimental Set-up lay out.

a) reservoir (b ) pump (c) flat plate (d) plate heater (e) variac (f) thermocouple (g) data scanner

III. RESULT & DISCUSSION

After proper evaluation and experimentation it is observed that jet impingement on a flat plate which may be mild steel, copper
and aluminum enhances the rate of heat transfers shown in fig.2,3 & 4.. The flow and temperature field are computed
experimentally. Fig.2 shows the variation of Nusselt number w.r.t Reynold number for nozzle diameter d=6mm,first time the
distance between plate & nozzle was kept 10 mm, readings of temperature was taken for different flow rates q=0.3 LPM,
0.5LPm, 0.6LPM, 0.8LPM, 1LPM.& corresponding to them five different values of Reynold number was calcutated & nusselt
number values were obtained. The same trend has been shown on fig.3 where copper plate is placed at a distance of plate to
nozzle is 10mm and 20 mm. Also in fig.4 where aluminum plate is placed at a distance of plate to nozzle is 10 mm and 20 mm.
As figure 2,3 & 4 shows, as Reynold number increases, there is increase in nusselt number. graph follows same trend for plate to
nozzle distance of 20mm for different plates.

Fig. 2: Variation of Nusselt number w.r.t Reynold number for mild steel plate at nozzle distance 10mm and 20 mm

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 Experimental Investigation on Heat Transfer Characteristics from Liquid Jet Impingement to Different Flat Plates
(IJIRST/ Volume 1 / Issue 12 / 022)

Fig. 3: Variation of Nusselt number w.r.t Reynold number for copper plate at nozzle distance 10 mm and 20 mm

Fig. 4: Variation of Nusselt number w.r.t Reynold number for aluminium plate at nozzle distance 10mm and 20 mm

Fig.5 & 6 shows the combined result of mild steel ,copper and aluminium plate at a distance of plate to nozzle is 10 and 20
mm.As graph shows aluminum has more heat transfer coefficient followed by mild steel and copper at a distance of 10 mm.

Fig. 5: Variation of Nusselt number w.r.t Reynold number for different plates at nozzle distance 10mm

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 Experimental Investigation on Heat Transfer Characteristics from Liquid Jet Impingement to Different Flat Plates
(IJIRST/ Volume 1 / Issue 12 / 022)

Fig. 6: Variation of Nusselt number w.r.t Reynold number for different plates at nozzle distance 20mm

IV. CONCLUSION
The Experimental analysis was made to gain a fundamental understanding and comparing the heat transfer rate for a rough and
smooth plate, when an unconfined jet of water is impinged on it. The following conclusions were made throughout the
experimentation:
1) It was observed that the rate of heat transfer was more for a aluminium plate followed by mild steel and copper plate.
2) The effect of distance of the plate and nozzle play an important role w.r.t. heat transfer.
3) As the plate is closely placed near to the nozzle, better is the heat transfer rate. An optimum selection of position of the
plate w.r.t nozzle is to make depending upon the industrial application.

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