StatsProb Day 1 9 Completed Day 10 Pending

Statistics and Probability 11 1
module one:
Random Variable
and Probability
Distribution
Day 1: April 22, 2021
lesson one:
Random Variables and
Probability Distribution
What I Know (Page 2)
“Letter A”
Directions: Classify the following random variables as discrete
or continuous.
1. The number of voters favoring a candidate
• Discrete
2. The number of accidents per year at an intersection
• Discrete
3. The amount of paint utilized in a building project
• Continuous
4. The number of siblings in a family of a city
• Discrete
5. The amount of sugar in a cup of coffee
• Continuous
6. The average distance that a runner can reach in an hour
• Continuous
7. The time needed to finish the test
• Continuous
8. The number of baskets of apples harvested
• Discrete
9. The weight of student athletes
• Continuous
10. The length of fence around each housing unit
• Continuous
activity one:
what I have learned (Page 7)
1. Describe and provide 5 examples of discrete random
variables.
a. the number of mangoes harvested
b. the number of green marbles
c. the number of malnourished children in the barangay
d. the number of underage drinkers
e. the number of packages delivered per day
2. Describe and provide 5 examples of continuous random
variables.
a. the length of a cable charger
b. the average of height required for a beauty pageant
c. the volume of the soda drink
d. the area of a house
e. the pressure of a gas
Day 2: April 27, 2021
activity two:
What I Know (Page 2)
“Letter B”
Problem:
Suppose three cellular phones are tested at random. Let D
represent the defective cellular phone and N represent the non-
defective phone. Let X be the random variable representing the
number of defective cellular phone. Complete the table given
below. Answer it by giving the possible outcomes of the three
cellular phone and its corresponding value of the random
variable X or the number of defective cellular phone.
Value of the Random Variable

Possible Outcomes X (Number of Defective
Cellular Phone)
NNN 0
DNN 1
NDN 1
NND 1
DDN 2
DND 2
NDD 2
DDD 3
So, the possible values of the random variable X are 0, 1, 2, 3.
Day 3: April 30, 2021
activity three:
…continuation of What I Know (page 2) “Letter B”
Direction: Construct a Discrete Probability Distribution of your
answer in tabular form.
Discrete Probability Distribution:

Number of Defective
0 1 2 3
Cellular Phone (X)
𝑃 (𝑋 = 𝑥 ) 1⁄ 3⁄ 3⁄ 1⁄
8 8 8 8
activity four:
What I Can Do (Page 7)
Problem:
Using the sample in a family of four children, construct a
probability distribution for the random variable Z representing
the number of boys. Draw the histogram of the probability
distribution.
Possible Outcomes
Z (Number of Boys)
GGGG 0
BGGG 1
GBGG 1
GGBG 1
GGGB 1
BBGG 2
GBBG 2
GGBB 2
BGBG 2
GBGB 2
BGGB 2
BBBG 3
GBBB 3
BGBB 3
BBGB 3
BBBB 4
So, the possible values of the random variable Z are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4.
Number of Boys
0 1 2 3 4
(Z)
1 1 3 1 1
𝑃(𝑋 = 𝑥 )
16 4 8 4 16
0.4 0.375
0.35
0.3
0.25 0.25
Probabilities
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1 0.0625 0.0625
0.05
0
Number of Boys (Z)
0 1 2 3 4
activity five:
Assessment (Page 8)
Letter A
Directions: Classify the following random variables as discrete
or continuous.
1. The speed of the car
• Continuous
2. The number of voters favoring a candidate
• Discrete
3. The time needed to finish the test
• Continuous
4. The weight of newborns each year in a hospital
• Continuous
5. The amount of sugar in a cup of coffee
• Continuous
6. The number of deaths per year attributed to lung cancer
• Discrete
7. The average amount of electricity consumed per household
per month
• Continuous
8. The number of patient arrivals per hour at a medical clinic
• Discrete
9. The number of dropouts in a school district for 10 years
• Discrete
10. The number of female athletes
• Discrete
Letter C
Directions: Construct the probability distribution for the random
variables described in each of the following situations.
1. Two dice are tossed. Let X be the random variable
representing the sum of two dice. Give all possible outcomes
and find the values of the random variable X.
Possible Outcomes
X (Sum of Two Dice)
(1,1) 2
(1,2) 3
(2,1) 3
(1,3) 4
(2,2) 4
(3,1) 4
(1,4) 5
(2,3) 5
(3,2) 5
(4,1) 5
(1,5) 6
(2,4) 6
(3,3) 6
(4,2) 6
(5,1) 6
(1,6) 7
(2,5) 7
(3,4) 7
(4,3) 7
(5,2) 7
(6,1) 7
(2,6) 8
(3,5) 8
(4,4) 8
(5,3) 8
(6,2) 8
(3,6) 9
(4,5) 9
(5,4) 9
(6,3) 9
(4,6) 10
(5,5) 10
(6,4) 10
(5,6) 11
(6,5) 11
(6,6) 12
So, the possible values of the random variable X are 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,

7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12.
Sum of
Two Dice 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
(X)
1 1 1 1 5 1 5 1 1 1 1
𝑃 (𝑋 = 𝑥)
36 18 12 9 36 6 36 9 12 18 36
2. Four coins are tossed. Let Y be the random variable
representing the number of heads. Give all possible outcomes
and find the values of the random variable Y.
Possible Outcomes
Y (Number of Heads)
TTTT 0
TTTH 1
TTHT 1
THTT 1
HTTT 1
TTHH 2
THHT 2
HHTT 2
HTTH 2
HTHT 2
THTH 2
HTHH 3
HHHT 3
HHTH 3
THHH 3
HHHH 4
So, the possible values of the random variable Y are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4.
Number of
0 1 2 3 4
Heads (Y)
1 1 3 1 1
𝑃(𝑋 = 𝑥 )
16 4 8 4 16
Letter D
Directions: Solve the following problems.
1. The following data show the probabilities for the number of
cars sold in a given day at a car dealer store.
Number
of Cars 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
(X)
𝑃(𝑋 = 𝑥) 0.10 0.15 0.25 0.15 0.08 0.08 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.02 0.02
a) Find 𝑃 (𝑋 ≤ 2)
𝑃 (𝑋 ≤ 2) = 𝑃 (0) + 𝑃(1) + 𝑃(2)
= 0.10 + 0.15 + 0.25
𝑃(𝑋 ≤ 2) = 0.50
b) Find 𝑃 (𝑋 ≥ 7)
𝑃 (𝑋 ≥ 7) = 𝑃(7) + 𝑃(8) + 𝑃(9) + 𝑃(10)
= 0.05 + 0.04 + 0.02 + 0.02
𝑃(𝑋 ≥ 7) = 0.13
c) Find 𝑃 (1 ≤ 𝑋 ≤ 5)
𝑃 (1 ≤ 𝑋 ≤ 5) = 𝑃(1) + 𝑃(2) + 𝑃(3) + 𝑃 (4) + 𝑃(5)
= 0.15 + 0.25 + 0.15 + 0.08 + 0.08
𝑃(1 ≤ 𝑋 ≤ 5) = 0.71
2. The daily demand for copies of a movie magazine at a variety
store has the probability distribution as follows.
Number
of
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Copies
(X)
𝑃(𝑋 = 𝑥) 0.06 0.14 0.16 0.14 0.12 0.10 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.04 0.03
a) What is the probability that 3 or more copies will be

demanded on a particular day?
Find: 𝑃(𝑋 ≥ 3)
𝑃(𝑋 ≥ 3) = 𝑃 (3) + 𝑃(4) + 𝑃(5) + 𝑃(6) + 𝑃(7) + 𝑃 (8) + 𝑃(9) + 𝑃(10)
= 0.14 + 0.12 + 0.10 + 0.08 + 0.07 + 0.06 + 0.04 + 0.03
𝑃(𝑋 ≥ 3) = 0.64
b) What is the probability that the demand will be at least 2
but not more than 6?
Find: 𝑃(2 ≤ 𝑋 ≤ 6)
𝑃 (2 ≤ 𝑋 ≤ 6) = 𝑃(2) + 𝑃(3) + 𝑃(4) + 𝑃 (5) + 𝑃(6)
= 0.16 + 0.14 + 0.12 + 0.10 + 0.08
𝑃 (2 ≤ 𝑋 ≤ 6) = 0.6
c) Draw the histogram of the probability distribution.
0.18
0.16
0.16
0.14 0.14
0.14
0.12
0.12
Probabilities
0.1
0.1
0.08
0.08 0.07
0.06 0.06
0.06
0.04
0.04 0.03
0.02
0
Number of Copies (X)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Day 4: May 3, 2021
lesson two:
Mean of a Discrete Probability
Distribution
What’s In (Page 10)
“Letter A”
Directions: Given the values of the variables X and Y, evaluate
the following summations.
𝑋1 = 4 𝑋2 = 2 𝑋3 = 5 𝑋4 = 1
𝑌1 = 2 𝑌2 = 1 𝑌3 = 0 𝑌4 = 2
1. ∑ 𝑋
• b. 12
2. ∑ 𝑌
• c. 5
3. ∑ 𝑋𝑌
• a. 12
4. ∑(𝑋 + 𝑌)
• b. 17
5. ∑ 4𝑋𝑌
• d. 48
… continuation of Example 1 (page 4)

Direction: Find the Mean of the Probability Distribution.
𝑋 𝑃 (𝑥 ) 𝑋 ∙ 𝑃(𝑥 )
0 1/8 = 0.125 0
1 3/8 = 0.375 0.375
2 3/8 = 0.375 0.75
3 1/8 = 0.125 0.375
∑ 𝑃 (𝑥 ) = 1 ∑ 𝑋 ∙ 𝑃(𝑥 ) = 1.5
activity six:
Problem:
In a school canteen, the number of ballpens (X) sold every
recess time varies from day to day. Past records indicate that the
probability distribution of X is as follows:
No. of Ballpens Probability

(𝑋) 𝑃(𝑋)
0 0.029
1 0.049
2 0.078
3 0.155
4 0.212
5 0.262
6 0.215
Questions:
1. What is the probability that exactly four ballpens are sold?
Solution:
Find: 𝑃(𝑋 = 4)
𝑃(𝑋 = 4) = 𝑃(4)
𝑃 (𝑋 = 4) = 0.212
2. What is the probability that at least two ballpens are sold?
Solution:
Find: 𝑃(𝑋 ≥ 2)
𝑃 (𝑋 ≥ 2) = 𝑃(2) + 𝑃 (3) + 𝑃(4) + 𝑃(5) + 𝑃 (6)
= 0.078 + 0.155 + 0.212 + 0.262 + 0.215
𝑃 (𝑋 ≥ 2) = 0.922
3. What is the probability that at least two but fewer than five
ballpens are sold?
Solution:
Find: 𝑃(2 ≤ 𝑋 < 5)
𝑃 (𝑋 ≥ 2) = 𝑃 (2) + 𝑃(3) + 𝑃(4)
= 0.078 + 0.155 + 0.212
𝑃(2 ≤ 𝑋 < 5) = 0.445
4. What is the mean of the probability distribution? Use the
given formula and solve.
No. of Ballpens Probability

𝑋 ∙ 𝑃 (𝑥 )
(𝑋 ) 𝑃(𝑋)
0 0.029 0
1 0.049 0.049
2 0.078 0.156
3 0.155 0.465
4 0.212 0.848
5 0.262 1.31
6 0.215 1.29
∑ 𝑋 ∙ 𝑃(𝑥 ) = 4.118 ≈ 4
The mean of the probability distribution of the number of

ballpens sold every recess time is 4.
lesson three:
Variance of a Discrete
… continuation of Example 1 (page 4)
Direction: Find the Variance and Standard Deviation of the
Probability Distribution.
𝑋 𝑃 (𝑥 ) 𝑋 ∙ 𝑃 (𝑥 ) 𝑥−𝜇 (𝑥 − 𝜇)2 (𝑥 − 𝜇)2 ∙ 𝑃(𝑥 )

0 0.125 0 −1.5 2.25 0.28125
1 0.375 0.375 0.5 0.25 0.09375
2 0.375 0.75 −0.5 0.25 0.09375
3 0.125 0.375 −1.5 2.25 0.28125
∑ 𝑃 (𝑥 ) ∑ 𝑋 ∙ 𝑃(𝑥 ) ∑ 𝑥 − 𝜇 ∑(𝑥 − 𝜇)2 ∑(𝑥 − 𝜇)2 ∙ 𝑃(𝑥 )
=1 = 1.5 = −3 =5 = 0.75
Find: Standard Deviation (𝑆𝐷)
𝑆𝐷 = √0.75
= 0.866025
𝑆𝐷 = 0.87
The Variance of the probability distribution is 0.75.
The Standard Deviation is 𝑆𝐷 = 0.87.
activity seven:
Problem:
The number of computers sold per day at a local computer
store, along with its corresponding probabilities, is shown in the
table. Find the variance and standard deviation of the
distribution.
𝑋 𝑃(𝑥 ) 𝑋 ∙ 𝑃 (𝑥 ) 𝑥−𝜇 (𝑥 − 𝜇)2 (𝑥 − 𝜇)2 ∙ 𝑃(𝑥 )

0 0.1 0 −2.2 4.84 0.484
1 0.2 0.2 −1.2 1.44 0.288
2 0.3 0.6 −0.2 0.04 0.012
3 0.2 0.6 0.8 0.64 0.128
4 0.2 0.8 1.8 3.24 0.648
∑ 𝑋 ∙ 𝑃(𝑥 ) ∑ 𝑥 − 𝜇 ∑(𝑥 − 𝜇)2 ∑(𝑥 − 𝜇)2 ∙ 𝑃(𝑥 )
= 2.2 = −1 = 10.2 = 1.56
Find: Standard Deviation (𝑆𝐷)

𝑆𝐷 = √1.56
= 1.249
𝑆𝐷 = 1.25
The Variance of the probability distribution is 1.56.
The Standard Deviation is 𝑆𝐷 = 1.25.
activity eight:
Post Assessment (Page 23 & 24)
Directions: Choose the letter that corresponds to the correct
answer. Write your answers in your answer sheets.
1. Which of the following is a discrete random variable?
• b. The number of patients in a hospital
2. If two coins are tossed, which is not a possible value of the
random variable for the number of heads?
• d. 3
3. Which of the following statement is NOT TRUE?
• b. Random variables can only have one value.
For items 4-8, identify whether the given variable is discrete or
continuous. Write D if it is discrete and C if it is continuous.
4. The number of books in the library
• D
5. The lifespan in hours of 15 flashlights
• C
6. The number of tourists each day in a museum
• D
7. The capacity of water dams in a region
• C
8. The weight of Grade 1 pupils
• C
For items 9-11, refer to the probability distribution below.
𝑋 0 1 2 3
𝑃(𝑋 = 𝑥 ) 1⁄ 3⁄ 3⁄ 1⁄
8 8 8 8
9. What is the mean of the probability distribution?
• a. 1.5
10. What is the variance of the probability distribution?
• a. 0.75
11. What is the standard deviation of the probability
distribution?
• b. 0.87
For items 12-14, refer to the probability distribution below.
𝑋 0 2 4 6 8
𝑃(𝑋 ) 1⁄ 1⁄ 1⁄ 1⁄ 1⁄
5 5 5 5 5
12. What is the mean of the probability distribution?

• d. 4.0
13. What is the variance of the probability distribution?
• c. 8.00
14. What is the standard deviation of the probability
distribution?
• b. 2.83
15. The number of adults living in homes on a randomly
selected city block is described by the following
probability distribution.
𝑋 1 2 3 4
𝑃 (𝑋 ) 0.25 0.50 0.15 0.10
What is the standard deviation?

• d. 0.89
module two:
Normal
Distribution
Day 5: May 4, 2021
lesson one:
Variance of a Discrete
activity one:
What’s More (Page 9)
Independent Practice
Directions: Using the z-table, find the corresponding area
between 𝑧 = 0 and each of the following:
1. 𝑧 = 0.92
A. Write 𝑧 = 0.92 in three digits, 𝑧 = 0.92
B. z-table
z 0.02
0.9 0.3212
C. Therefore, the required area is 0.3212.
2. 𝑧 = 1.29
B. z-table
z 0.09
1.2 0.4015
3. 𝑧 = 2.73
B. z-table
z 0.03
2.7 0.4968
4. 𝑧 = −0.50
A. Write 𝑧 = −0.50 in three digits, 𝑧 = −0.50
B. z-table
z 0.00
0.5 0.1915
5. 𝑧 = −2.98
A. Write 𝑧 = −2.98 in three digits, 𝑧 = −2.98
B. z-table
z 0.08
2.9 0.4986
activity two:
Additional Activities (Page 11)
Directions: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word or phrase
to make a meaningful statement.
1. The distribution curve is a ________________ probability
distribution.
• bell-shaped
2. The area under the curve is ________________.
• 1
3. The width of the curve is determined by the
________________ of the distribution.
• standard deviation
4. The curve is ________________ to the base line.
• asymptotic
5. The area to the left of z = 0 (or to the right of z = 0) is
________________.
• 0.5
6. The curve is ________________ about its center.
• symmetric
7. The mean, median, and mode of the normal curve are
________________.
• equal
8. The area between z = 0 and z = 1 is ________________.
• 0.3413
9. The table of areas under the normal curve is also called
________________.
• z-table
10. The standard normal curve is a normal probability
distribution that has a mean of ________________ and
standard deviation of _________________.
• 0, 1
Day 6: May 5, 2021
lesson two:
Identifying Areas Under the
Normal Curve
activity three:
What Can I Do (Page 19)
Directions: Find the area under the normal curve in each of the
following cases.
1. to the right of 𝑧 = 1.63
Solution:
A. Normal Curve Model:
B. 𝑧 = 1.63 corresponds to an area of 0.4484

C. The graph suggests subtraction
0.5 − 0.4484 = 0.0516
D. Thus, the area to the right of 𝑧 = 1.63 is 5.16% of the
area under the normal curve.
2. between 𝑧 = −1.36 and 𝑧 = 2.55
Solution:
B. 𝑧 = −1.36 corresponds to an area of 0.4131 and 𝑧 =

2.55 corresponds to an area of 0.4946
C. The graph suggests subtraction. Subtract the smaller
area from the larger area.
0.4946 − (−0.4131) = 0.9077
D. Thus, the area between 𝑧 = −1.36 and 𝑧 = 2.55 is
90.77% of the area under the normal curve.
3. to the left of 𝑧 = −1.78
Solution:
B. 𝑧 = −1.78 corresponds to an area of 0.4625

C. The graph suggests subtraction.
0.5 − 0.4625 = 0.0375
D. Thus, the area to the left of 𝑧 = −1.78 is 3.75% of the
area under the normal curve.
4. between 𝑧 = −2.76 and 𝑧 = −1.25
Solution:
−1.25 corresponds to an area of 0.3944
0.4971 − 0.3944 = 0.1027
D. Thus, the area between 𝑧 = −2.76 and 𝑧 = −1.25 is
5. between 𝑧 = 1.56 and 𝑧 = 2.51
Solution:
B. 𝑧 = 1.56 corresponds to an area of 0.4406 and 𝑧 =

2.51 corresponds to an area of 0.4940
0.4940 − 0.4406 = 0.0534
D. Thus, the area between 𝑧 = 1.56 and 𝑧 = 2.51 is
Day 7: May 6, 2021
lesson three:
Standard Scores
activity four:
Directions: Solve the following problems.
1. Given 𝑥 = 60; and 𝑠 = 6, find the z-score that corresponds
to each of the following scores up to two decimal places.
a. 𝑥 = 70
Solution:
A. Formula:
𝑥−𝑥
𝑧=
𝑠
B. Given: 𝑥 = 70; 𝑥 = 60; 𝑠 = 6
C. Computation:
𝑥 − 𝑥 70 − 60 10
𝑧= = = = 1.67
𝑠 6 6
D. Thus, the z-value that corresponds to the raw
score 70 is 1.67 in a sample distribution. This
means the score 70 is 1.67 standard deviations
above the mean.
b. 𝑥 = 58
Solution:
A. Formula:
𝑥−𝑥
𝑧=
𝑠
B. Given: 𝑥 = 58; 𝑥 = 60; 𝑠 = 6
C. Computation:
𝑥 − 𝑥 58 − 60 −2
𝑧= = = = −0.33
𝑠 6 6
score 58 is -0.33 in a sample distribution. This
below the mean.
2. Given 𝜇 = 72; and 𝜎 = 8, find the z-score that corresponds
to each of the following scores up to two decimal places.
a. 𝑥 = 68
Solution:
A. Formula:
𝑥−𝜇
𝑧=
𝜎
B. Given: 𝑥 = 68; 𝜇 = 72; 𝜎 = 8
C. Computation:
𝑥 − 𝜇 68 − 72 −4
𝑧= = = = −0.50
𝜎 8 8
score 68 is -0.50 in a population distribution. This
below the mean.
b. 𝑥 = 80
Solution:
A. Formula:
𝑥−𝜇
𝑧=
𝜎
B. Given: 𝑥 = 80; 𝜇 = 72; 𝜎 = 8
C. Computation:
𝑥 − 𝜇 80 − 72 8
𝑧= = = = 1.00
𝜎 8 8
score 80 is 1.00 in a population distribution. This
above the mean.
3. Alex scored 90 during the first periodic exam in
Mathematics and 88 during the second periodic exam. The
scores in first periodic exam have a mean 𝜇 = 83 and a
standard deviation 𝜎 = 9. Scores in the second periodic
exam have a mean 𝜇 = 80 and a standard deviation 𝜎 = 8.
In which periodic exam was his standing better, assuming
that the scores in his periodic exams are normally
distributed?
Solution:
a. Formula:
𝑥−𝜇
𝑧=
𝜎
b. Given:
Mathematics Score 𝒙 𝝁 𝝈
1st Periodic Exam 90 83 9
2nd Periodic Exam 88 80 8
c. Computation:
1st Periodic Exam
𝑥 − 𝜇 90 − 83 7
𝑧= = = = 0.78
𝜎 9 9
2 Periodic Exam
nd
𝑥 − 𝜇 88 − 80 8
𝑧= = = = 1.00
𝜎 8 8
d. Thus, Alex’s standing in the second periodic exam is
better compared to the first periodic exam
4. On a final examination in Biology, the mean was 75 and the
standard deviation was 12. Determine the standard score of
a student who received a score of 60 assuming that the
scores are normally distributed.
Solution:
a. Formula:
𝑥−𝜇
𝑧=
𝜎
b. Given: 𝑥 = 60; 𝜇 = 75; 𝜎 = 12
c. Computation:
𝑥 − 𝜇 60 − 75 −15
𝑧= = = = −1.25
𝜎 12 12
d. Thus, the z-value that corresponds to the raw score 60
is -1.25 in a population distribution. This means the
score 68 is 1.25 standard deviations below the mean.
5. Given: 𝜇 = 64, 𝜎 = 7. What is the raw score when 𝑧 =
−0.76?
Solution:
a. Formula:
𝑥 = 𝜇 + 𝑧𝜎
b. Given: 𝑧 = −0.76; 𝜇 = 64; 𝜎 = 7
c. Computation:
𝑥 = 𝜇 + 𝑧𝜎 = 64 + (−0.76)(7) = 64 + (−5.32) = 58.68
d. Thus, the raw score when 𝑧 = −0.76 is 58.68.
Day 8: May 10, 2021
lesson four:
Determining Probabilities
activity five:
Directions: Find the probabilities of the following.
1. 𝑃(𝑧 > 1.36)
B. 𝑧 > 1.36 corresponds to an area of 0.4131

0.5 − 0.4131 = 0.0869
That is, 𝑃(𝑧 > 1.36) = 0.0869.
D. Thus, the probability that the z-score is greater than
1.36 is 0.0869.
2. 𝑃(𝑧 < 2.45)
B. 𝑧 < 2.45 corresponds to an area of 0.4929

C. The graph suggests addition.
0.5 + 0.4929 = 0.9949
That is, 𝑃(𝑧 < 2.45) = 0.9949.
D. Thus, the probability that the z-score is less than 2.45
is 0.9949.
3. 𝑃(1.2 < 𝑧 < 1.4)
B. 𝑧 = 1.2 corresponds to an area of 0.3849 and 𝑧 = 1.4

corresponds to an area of 0.4192
0.4192 − 0.3849 = 0.0343
That is, 𝑃(1.2 < 𝑧 < 1.4) = 0.0343.
D. The probability that the z-scores lie between 𝑧 = 1.2
and 𝑧 = 1.4 is 0.0343.
4. 𝑃(−2.75 < 𝑧 < −0.56)

−0.56 corresponds to an area of 0.2123
0.4970 − 0.2123 = 0.2847
That is, 𝑃(−2.75 < 𝑧 < −0.56) = 0.2847.
D. The probability that the z-scores lie between 𝑧 =
−2.75 and 𝑧 = −0.56 is 0.2847.
5. 𝑃(𝑧 > −1.05)
B. 𝑧 > −1.05 corresponds to an area of 0.3531

C. The graph suggests addition.
0.5 + 0.3531 = 0.8531
That is, 𝑃(𝑧 > −1.05) = 0.8531.
D. Thus, the probability that the z-score is greater than
𝑧 = −1.05 is 0.8531.
activity six:
Directions: Solve the given problem.
In a Math test, the mean score is 45 and the standard
deviation is 4. Assuming normality, what is the probability that a
score picked at random will lie
a. above score 50?
A. Given: 𝑥 = 50; 𝜇 = 45; 𝜎 = 4
B. Computation:
𝑥 − 𝜇 50 − 45 5
𝑧= = = = 1.25
𝜎 4 4
C. Normal Curve Model:
D. 𝑧 > 1.25 corresponds to an area 0.3944

E. The graph suggests subtraction.
0.5 − 0.3944 = 0.1056
That is, 𝑃(𝑧 > 1.25) = 0.1056.
F. The probability that the scores is greater than 50 is
0.1056.
b. below score 38?
A. Given: 𝑥 = 38; 𝜇 = 45; 𝜎 = 4
B. Computation:
𝑥 − 𝜇 38 − 45 −7
𝑧= = = = −1.75
𝜎 4 4
D. 𝑧 < −1.75 corresponds to an area 0.4599

E. The graph suggests subtraction.
0.5 − 0.4599 = 0.0401
That is, 𝑃(𝑧 < −1.75 ) = 0.0401.
F. The probability that the scores is lesser than 38 is
0.0401.
c. between 35 and 53?
A. Given: 𝑥1 = 35; 𝑥2 = 53; 𝜇 = 45; 𝜎 = 4
B. Computation:
Score 35
𝑥 − 𝜇 35 − 45 −10
𝑧= = = = −2.5
𝜎 4 4
Score 53:
𝑥 − 𝜇 53 − 45 8
𝑧= = = =2
𝜎 4 4
D. 𝑧 = −2.5 corresponds to an area 0.4938 and 𝑧 = 2

corresponds to an area 0.4772
E. The graph suggests addition.
0.4938 + 0.4772 = 0.9710
That is, 𝑃(−2.5 < 𝑧 < 2 ) = 0.9710.
F. The probability that the scores is between 35 and 53 is
0.9710.
lesson five:
Computing Percentiles Under the
Normal Curve
activity seven:
Directions: Find each of the following percentile points and draw
the normal curve.
1. Find the 99th percentile of the normal curve.
Solution:
• Given: 99th Percentile
• Computation:
i. Step 1. Express Percentile to Decimal
- 99𝑡ℎ 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑒 = 0.9900
ii. Step 2. Examine the shaded region and make an
appropriate operation to apply.
- 0.9900 − 0.5000 = 0.4900
iii. Step 3. Locate the z-value
- The z-value corresponding to the area
0.4900 is not available, so take the nearest
area.
- The nearest area is 0.4901 which
corresponds to 𝑧 = 2.33.
• Thus, the value of the 99th percentile is 𝑧 = 2.33.
2. Find the upper 5% of the normal curve.
Solution:
• Given: Upper 5th Percentile
• Computation:
- 0.5000 − 0.0500 = 0.4500
area.
• Thus, the upper 5% is above 𝑧 = 1.65.
3. The results of the entrance examination for freshmen are
normally distributed with 𝑥 = 85 and 𝑠 = 12.5. What is the
percentile rank of a score of 92?
Solution:
• Given: 𝑥 = 92; 𝑥 = 85; 𝑠 = 12.5
• Computation:
𝑥 − 𝑥 92 − 85 7
𝑧= = = = 0.56
𝑠 12.5 12.5
• Normal Curve Model:
• 𝑧 = 0.56 corresponds to an area of 0.2123

• The graph suggests addition.
0.5 + 0.2123 = 0.7123
• Compute the percentile rank of the score.
0.7123 × 100 = 71.23
• Thus, the percentile rank of the score 92 in a test is
71.23.
activity eight:
Directions: Consider the shaded region in the diagram below
and answer the following questions.
1. If the unshaded region is 0.10, what is the area to the left of
𝑧?
• 0.90 or 90%
2. What does 𝑧 represent?
• 90th Percentile
3. What is the value of 𝑧?
Solution:
• Given: 90th Percentile
• Computation:
- 0.9000 − 0.5000 = 0.4000
area.
• Thus, the value of z which is the 90th percentile is 𝑧 =
1.28.
activity nine:
Assessment (Page 34)
Directions: Read each question carefully. Write the letter of the
correct answer.
1. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
• C. The area under the normal curve is 1.
2. The normal probability distribution has the following
properties, EXCEPT
• A. The width of the curve is determined by the mean
of the distribution.
3. Given 𝑥 = 62 and 𝑠 = 8. What is the z-score value that
corresponds to the raw score of 70?
• B. 1
4. Let X be a normally distributed random variable with mean
120 and standard deviation 8. If 𝑥 = 100, what is the
corresponding z-score?
• A. −2.5
5. What percent of the area under the normal curve is less than
𝑧 = −1.78?
• D. 3.75%
For number 6-10, find the area under the normal curve of the
following cases.
6. To the left of 𝑧 = 2.86
• D. 0.9979
7. Between 𝑧 = 1.15 and 𝑧 = 2.89
• A. 0.1232
8. Between z = 0 and z = 1.75
• C. 0.4599
9. To the left of z = −1.24
• A. 0.1075
10. Between z = −1.46 and z = 2.15
• D. 0.9121
11. The division – wide aptitude test in Mathematics was
conducted to students. The mean of the test is 58 and the
standard deviation is 12. The scores also approximate the
normal distribution. What percent of the scores is between
55 and 65?
• B. 31.77%
For numbers 12-14, refer to the problem below.
It is known that the weights of mangoes harvested in a farm
are normally distributed with a mean of 220 grams and a
standard deviation of 25 grams.
12. What is the z-score that corresponds to 180 grams?
• A. −1.60
13. What is the z-score that corresponds to 250 grams?
• C. 1.20
14. If a mango is selected at random, what is the probability
that its weight lies between 180 and 250 grams?
• B. 0. 8301
15. The average monthly salary for a newly hired employee at
a bank is ₱20,000. If the hiring salary at this bank is normally
distributed with a standard deviation of ₱2,800, what is the
probability that a newly hired employee randomly selected
from a list of receives a monthly salary which is less than
₱16,000?
• C. 0.0764
module three:
Sampling and
Sampling
Distribution
Day 9: May 11, 2021
lesson one:
Random Sampling
activity one:
Directions: Identify the type of random sampling technique used
by the researcher in each situation.
1. A researcher chose the participants of his study by
selecting every 8th member of the population.
• Systematic Random Sampling
2. A researcher interviewed all the teachers in each of 15
randomly selected private schools in Cagayan de Oro City.
• Clustered Sampling
3. A researcher interviewed people from each barangay in
the municipality of Alubijid for his research on population.
• Stratified Random Sampling
4. A researcher is doing a study on the students’ reaction to
the newly implemented curriculum in Mathematics and
interviewed every 5th student entering the gate of the
school.
• Systematic Random Sampling
5. A researcher randomly selected 15 barangays in a town for
her study. She did this by writing the names of each
barangay on a piece of paper which she folded and put in
a bowl then she draws 15 pieces of paper from the bowl.
• Simple Random Sampling
6. A researcher selected a sample of 𝑛 = 300 from a
population of 900by using the Table of Random Numbers.
7. A researcher interviewed all the nurses in each of the 5
randomly selected private hospitals in Northern Mindanao.
• Clustered Sampling
8. A statistician selected a sample of 𝑛 = 500 high school
students from a private school with 2,500 students. He
randomly selected the students from each grade level.
9. A Statistics student did a research on the time spent by
Grade 11 and 12 students in playing Mobile Legends. He
randomly selected his subjects by using the Table of
Random Numbers.
10. A teacher conducted a study in her school to determine
who were better in mathematics: the males or the females.
activity two:
Directions: Study the case below. Then, identify and illustrate
the sampling method that is appropriate to the given situation.
Situation:
You are given the task to conduct a survey on the average
household size in your municipality with 16 barangays and a
population of 30,000. What sampling method is best for this task?
Answer:
The sampling method that is appropriate in this situation is
Clustered Sammpling. The reason is in oder for the researcher
to know the average household size in each barangay.
lesson two:
Parameter and Statistic
What’s More (Page 11)
Directions: Read each statistical study below. For each study,
identify both the parameter and the statistic. Refer to an example
given.
1. A teacher wants to determine the average score in the first
periodic examination in General Mathematics of his 5
classes. From a random sample of 120 students. The
teacher obtains an average score of 84.
• Parameter: The average score in the first periodic
examination in General Mathematics of all 5
classes.
• Statistic: The average score of 85 in the first periodic
examination in General Mathematics of the 120
randomly selected students..
2. A teacher wants to know the average hours spent on social
media of his advisory class. He randomly selected and
asked 35 students and found out that they spend an average
of 3 hours per day on social media.
• Parameter: The average hours spend on social
media of all the students of his advisory class.
• Statistic: The average 3 hours spend on social media
of the 35 randomly selected students.
activity three:
Directions: Identify whether the given value is a parameter or a
statistic.
1. The researcher found out that the 29 senior high school
teachers of a certain school spend an average of 2 hours
preparing their lessons.
• Parameter
2. Based on a sample of 900 elementary students, it was found
out 30% of them do not know multiplication facts.
• Statistics
3. Based on sample of 1,200 surveyed students, it was found
out that 20% of them needed financial assistance.
• Statistics
4. A teacher surveyed all 50 students under his advisory class
about their learning styles and found out that most them are
visual learners.
• Parameter
5. The Statistics teacher wants to know the average score of
the students in the final exam. He randomly selected 35
students and obtained an average score of 43.
• Statistics
activity four:
Directions: Give your own example of a statistical study
involving parameter and sample.
1. Parameter
• 4 out of 8 COVID-19 vaccines were used in the
Philippines.
2. Statistic
• The percentage of Anti-Vaccine on 5,000 randomly
selected people.
Day 10: May 19, 2021
lesson three:
Sampling Distribution of the
Sample Means
activity five:
Directions: Solve the given problems.
1. A population consists of the four numbers 1, 2, 4 and 5. List
all the possible samples of size 𝑛 = 3 which can be drawn
with replacement from the population. Find the following:
a. Population mean:
∑ 𝑥 1 + 2 + 4 + 5 12
𝜇= = = =3
𝑁 4 4
Hence, the population mean is 3.
b. Population variance:
𝑥 𝑥−𝜇 (𝑥 − 𝜇)2
1 -2 4
2 -1 1
4 1 1
5 2 4
∑(𝑥 − 𝜇)2 = 10
2
∑(𝑥 − 𝜇)2 10
𝜎 = = = 2.5
𝑁 4
Hence, the population variance is 2.5.
c. Population standard deviation:
∑(𝑥 − 𝜇)2
2
𝜎 = √ = √2.5 = 1.58
𝑁
Hence, the population standard deviation is 1.58.
d. Mean of the sampling distribution of sample means:
Observation Sample 𝑥
1 1,1,1 1.00
2 1,1,2 1.33
3 1,1,4 2.00
4 1,1,5 2.33
5 1,2,1 1.33
6 1,2,2 1.67
7 1,2,4 2.33
8 1,2,5 2.67
9 1,4,1 2.00
10 1,4,2 2.33
11 1,4,4 3.00
12 1,4,5 3.33
13 1,5,1 2.33
14 1,5,2 2.67
15 1,5,4 3.33
16 1,5,5 3.67
17 2,1,1 1.33
18 2,1,2 1.67
19 2,1,4 2.33
20 2,1,5 2.67
21 2,2,1 1.67
22 2,2,2 2.00
23 2,2,4 2.67
24 2,2,5 3.00
25 2,4,1 2.33
26 2,4,2 2.67
27 2,4,4 3.33
28 2,4,5 3.67
29 2,5,1 2.67
30 2,5,2 3.00
31 2,5,4 3.67
32 2,5,5 4.00
33 4,1,1 2.00
34 4,1,2 2.33
35 4,1,4 3.00
36 4,1,5 3.33
37 4,2,1 2.33
38 4,2,2 2.67
39 4,2,4 3.33
40 4,2,5 3.67
41 4,4,1 3.00
42 4,4,2 3.33
43 4,4,4 4.00
44 4,4,5 4.33
45 4,5,1 3.33
46 4,5,2 3.67
47 4,5,4 4.33
48 4,5,5 4.67
49 5,1,1 2.33
50 5,1,2 2.67
51 5,1,4 3.33
52 5,1,5 3.67
53 5,2,1 2.67
54 5,2,2 3.00
55 5,2,4 3.67
56 5,2,5 4.00
57 5,4,1 3.33
58 5,4,2 3.67
59 5,4,4 4.33
60 5,4,5 4.67
61 5,5,1 3.67
62 5,5,2 4.00
63 5,5,4 4.67
64 5,5,5 5.00
∑ 𝑥 = 192
∑ 𝑥 192
𝜇𝑥 = = =3
𝑛 64
Hence, the mean of the sampling distribution of
sample means is 3.
e. Variance of the sampling distribution of sample
means:
Observation Sample 𝑥 𝑥 − 𝜇𝑥 (𝑥 − 𝜇𝑥 )2
1 1,1,1 1.00 -2 4
2 1,1,2 1.33 -1.67 2.789
3 1,1,4 2.00 -1 1
4 1,1,5 2.33 -0.67 0.449
5 1,2,1 1.33 -1.67 2.789
6 1,2,2 1.67 -1.33 1.769
7 1,2,4 2.33 -0.67 0.449
8 1,2,5 2.67 -0.33 0.109
9 1,4,1 2.00 -1 1
10 1,4,2 2.33 -0.67 0.449
11 1,4,4 3.00 0 0
12 1,4,5 3.33 0.33 0.109
13 1,5,1 2.33 -0.67 0.449
14 1,5,2 2.67 -0.33 0.109
15 1,5,4 3.33 0.33 0.109
16 1,5,5 3.67 0.67 0.449
17 2,1,1 1.33 -1.67 2.789
18 2,1,2 1.67 -1.33 1.769
19 2,1,4 2.33 -0.67 0.449
20 2,1,5 2.67 -0.33 0.109
21 2,2,1 1.67 -1.33 1.769
22 2,2,2 2.00 -1 1
23 2,2,4 2.67 -0.33 0.109
24 2,2,5 3.00 0 0
25 2,4,1 2.33 -0.67 0.449
26 2,4,2 2.67 -0.33 0.109
27 2,4,4 3.33 0.33 0.109
28 2,4,5 3.67 0.67 0.449
29 2,5,1 2.67 -0.33 0.109
30 2,5,2 3.00 0 0
31 2,5,4 3.67 0.67 0.449
32 2,5,5 4.00 1 1
33 4,1,1 2.00 -1 1
34 4,1,2 2.33 -0.67 0.449
35 4,1,4 3.00 0 0
36 4,1,5 3.33 0.33 0.109
37 4,2,1 2.33 -0.67 0.449
38 4,2,2 2.67 -0.33 0.109
39 4,2,4 3.33 0.33 0.109
40 4,2,5 3.67 0.67 0.449
41 4,4,1 3.00 0 0
42 4,4,2 3.33 0.33 0.109
43 4,4,4 4.00 1 1
44 4,4,5 4.33 1.33 1.769
45 4,5,1 3.33 0.33 0.109
46 4,5,2 3.67 0.67 0.449
47 4,5,4 4.33 1.33 1.769
48 4,5,5 4.67 1.67 2.789
49 5,1,1 2.33 -0.67 0.449
50 5,1,2 2.67 -0.33 0.109
51 5,1,4 3.33 0.33 0.109
52 5,1,5 3.67 0.67 0.449
53 5,2,1 2.67 -0.33 0.109
54 5,2,2 3.00 0 0
55 5,2,4 3.67 0.67 0.449
56 5,2,5 4.00 1 1
57 5,4,1 3.33 0.33 0.109
58 5,4,2 3.67 0.67 0.449
59 5,4,4 4.33 1.33 1.769
60 5,4,5 4.67 1.67 2.789
61 5,5,1 3.67 0.67 0.449
62 5,5,2 4.00 1 1
63 5,5,4 4.67 1.67 2.789
64 5,5,5 5.00 2 4
∑𝑥 ∑(𝑥 − 𝜇𝑥 )2
= 192 = 53.4
∑(𝑥 − 𝜇𝑥 )2 53.4
𝜎2 𝑥 = = = 0.83
𝑛 64
Hence, the variance of the sampling distribution of
sample means is 0.83.
f. Standard deviation of the sampling distribution of
sample means:
∑(𝑥 − 𝜇𝑥 )2
𝜎𝑥 = √ = √0.83 = 0.91
𝑛
Hence, the standard deviation of the sampling
distribution of sample means is 0.91.
2. A population consists of the four numbers 1, 2, 8, and 9. List
all the possible samples of size 𝑛 = 2 which can be drawn
without replacement from the population. Find the
following:
a. Population mean:
∑ 𝑥 1 + 2 + 8 + 9 20
𝜇= = = =5
𝑁 4 4
Hence, the population mean is 5.
b. Population variance
𝑥 𝑥−𝜇 (𝑥 − 𝜇)2
1 -4 16
2 -3 9
8 3 9
9 4 16
∑(𝑥 − 𝜇)2 = 50
2
∑(𝑥 − 𝜇)2 50
𝜎 = = = 12.5
𝑁 4
Hence, the population variance is 12.5.
c. Population standard deviation:
∑(𝑥 − 𝜇)2
𝜎2 =√ = √12.5 = 3.54
𝑁
Hence, the population standard deviation is 3.54.
d. Mean of the sampling distribution of sample means:
Observation Sample 𝑥
1 1,2 1.5
2 1,8 4.5
3 1,9 5.0
4 2,1 1.5
5 2,8 5.0
6 2,9 5.5
7 8,1 4.5
8 8,2 5.0
9 8,9 8.5
10 9,1 5.0
11 9,2 5.5
12 9,8 8.5
∑ 𝑥 = 60
∑ 𝑥 60
𝜇𝑥 = = =5
𝑛 11
Hence, the mean of the sampling distribution of
sample means is 5.
e. Variance of the sampling distribution of sample
means:
Observation Sample 𝑥 𝑥 − 𝜇𝑥 (𝑥 − 𝜇𝑥 )2
1 1,2 1.5 -3.5 12.25
2 1,8 4.5 -0.5 0.25
3 1,9 5.0 0 0
4 2,1 1.5 -3.5 12.25
5 2,8 5.0 0 0
6 2,9 5.5 0.5 0.25
7 8,1 4.5 -0.5 0.25
8 8,2 5.0 0 0
9 8,9 8.5 3.5 12.25
10 9,1 5.0 0 0
11 9,2 5.5 0.5 0.25
12 9,8 8.5 3.5 12.25
∑𝑥 ∑(𝑥 − 𝜇𝑥 )2
= 60 = 50
2
∑(𝑥 − 𝜇𝑥 )2 50
𝜎 𝑥= = = 4.17
𝑛 12
Hence, the variance of the sampling distribution of
sample means is 4.17.
f. Standard deviation of the sampling distribution of
sample means:
∑(𝑥 − 𝜇𝑥 )2
𝜎𝑥 = √ = √4.17 = 2.04
𝑛
Hence, the standard deviation of the sampling
distribution of sample means is 2.04.
activity five:
Directions: Solve the given problems.
Consider all samples with the size of 5 from this population:
2, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12
a. Compute the population mean.
b. Compute the population variance.
c. Compute the population standard deviation.
d. Compute the mean of the sampling distribution of the
sample means and compare it the mean of the population.
e. Compute the variance of the sampling distribution of the
sample means.
f. Compute the standard deviation of the sampling
distribution of the sample means.

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Statistics and Probability 11 1

Value of the Random Variable

Discrete Probability Distribution:

Discrete Probability Distribution:

So, the possible values of the random variable X are 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,

Discrete Probability Distribution:

So, the possible values of the random variable Y are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4.

Discrete Probability Distribution:

a) What is the probability that 3 or more copies will be

… continuation of Example 1 (page 4)

No. of Ballpens Probability

No. of Ballpens Probability

The mean of the probability distribution of the number of

𝑋 𝑃 (𝑥 ) 𝑋 ∙ 𝑃 (𝑥 ) 𝑥−𝜇 (𝑥 − 𝜇)2 (𝑥 − 𝜇)2 ∙ 𝑃(𝑥 )

Find: Standard Deviation (𝑆𝐷)

𝑋 𝑃(𝑥 ) 𝑋 ∙ 𝑃 (𝑥 ) 𝑥−𝜇 (𝑥 − 𝜇)2 (𝑥 − 𝜇)2 ∙ 𝑃(𝑥 )

Find: Standard Deviation (𝑆𝐷)

12. What is the mean of the probability distribution?

What is the standard deviation?

B. 𝑧 = 1.63 corresponds to an area of 0.4484

B. 𝑧 = −1.36 corresponds to an area of 0.4131 and 𝑧 =

B. 𝑧 = −1.78 corresponds to an area of 0.4625

B. 𝑧 = 1.56 corresponds to an area of 0.4406 and 𝑧 =

B. 𝑧 > 1.36 corresponds to an area of 0.4131

B. 𝑧 < 2.45 corresponds to an area of 0.4929

B. 𝑧 = 1.2 corresponds to an area of 0.3849 and 𝑧 = 1.4

B. 𝑧 = −2.75 corresponds to an area of 0.4970 and 𝑧 =

B. 𝑧 > −1.05 corresponds to an area of 0.3531

D. 𝑧 > 1.25 corresponds to an area 0.3944

D. 𝑧 < −1.75 corresponds to an area 0.4599

D. 𝑧 = −2.5 corresponds to an area 0.4938 and 𝑧 = 2

• 𝑧 = 0.56 corresponds to an area of 0.2123

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