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Grade 11 Students!
Second Semester of S.Y. 2022-2023

MAnitohin
Unjumble the letters to form a new word.

CATSITSITS
Answer:
STATISTICS
Unjumble the letters to form a new word.

T I L IP O R B A B Y

Answer:
PROBABILITY
 Statistics is the science of
collecting, organizing, presenting,
analyzing and interpreting
numerical data to assist in making
more effective decisions.

MAnitohin
 Probability
Probability is a branch of
mathematics that calculates,
estimates, or simulates the
likelihood of a given event.
 MELCs:
1. Illustrates a random variable.
2. Distinguish between a discrete
and a continuous random variable.
3. Find the possible values of
random variables.
 RANDOM
VARIABLES
Sample Space – the
set of all possible
outcomes of an
experiment.
1 Let’s Experiment!
Suppose two coins are tossed, what
will be the possible outcomes?
2 Let’s Experiment!
What will be the possible outcomes
if we roll a die once?
3 Let’s Experiment!
What will be the possible outcomes
if we spin a wheel?
4 Let’s Experiment!
If we draw one card from the deck, what do
you think is the shape that we are getting?

A. ♦
B. ♥
C. ♠
D. ♣
 Random Variable
A random variable is a
function that associates a
real number to each
element in the sample
space. It is a variable
whose values are
determined by chance.
 Other Examples of
Random Variable
1. Amount of sugar in a coffee.
2. Number of words in an impromptu speech.
3. Choose random people and ask them whom
are they going to vote for Barangay Chairman.
4. Getting defective items in a set/box.
5. Number of people who will react to your
Facebook post or Tiktok videos.
 Give your own
example of a
Random Variable.
Your Turn!
 Determine if the following
situation is an example of a
random variable or not.

MAnitohin
 You Try!
1. Number of days in a week.

Not RV

MAnitohin
 You Try!
2. Number of tropical storms in
the Philippines for the year 2022.

RV
MAnitohin
 You Try!
3. Number of people who will be
vaccinated today.

RV

MAnitohin
 You Try!
4. Student’s score in this quiz.

RV

MAnitohin
 You Try!
5. Number of items in a dozen.

Not RV
MAnitohin
 Two Types of
Random Variable
1. DISCRETE
2. CONTINUOUS
Discrete Random Variables
A discrete random variable is a variable whose
value is obtained by counting.
Examples:
number of students present,
number of red marbles in a jar
number of heads when tossing three coins,
students’ grade level
Continuous Random Variables
A continuous random variable is a variable
whose value is obtained by measuring.
Examples:
height of students in class,
weight of students in class
the time it takes to get to school,
distance traveled between classes
Examples of Random Variable
1. Amount of sugar in a coffee.
2. Number of words in an impromptu speech.
3. Choose random people and ask them whom
are they going to vote for Barangay Chairman.
4. Getting defective items in a set/box.
5. Number of people who will react to your
Facebook post or Tiktok videos.
Examples of Random Variable
1. Amount of sugar in a coffee. CRV
2. Number of words in an impromptu speech. DRV
3. Choose random people and ask them whom are
they going to vote for Barangay Chairman. DRV
4. Getting defective items in a set/box. DRV
5. Number of people who will react to your
Facebook post or Tiktok videos. DRV
What is the difference
between discrete and
continuous random
variables?
Your Turn!
 Classify the following random
variables as discrete or continuous.
1. The number of voters favoring a candidate
2. The number of accidents per year at an
intersection
3. The amount of paint utilized in a building
project
4. The number of siblings in a family in a city
5. The amount of sugar in a cup of coffee
 Classify the following random
variables as discrete or continuous.
6. The average distance that a runner can
reach in an hour
7. The time needed to finish the test
8. The number of baskets of apples harvested
9. The weight of student-athletes
10. The length of the fence around each
housing unit
Answer:
1. The number of voters favoring a candidate Discrete RV
2. The number of accidents per year at an intersection Discrete RV
3. The amount of paint utilized in a building project Continuous RV
4. The number of siblings in a family in a city Discrete RV
5. The amount of sugar in a cup of coffee Continuous RV
6. The average distance that a runner can reach in an hour Continuous RV
7. The time needed to finish the test Continuous RV
8. The number of baskets of apples harvested Discrete RV
9. The weight of student-athletes Continuous RV
10. The length of the fence around each housing unit Continuous RV
Possible Values of
Discrete Random
Variables
 Suppose two coins are tossed, what
1 will be the value of the random variable
Y denoting the number of tail/s?
So, thePossible
possible
Outcomes values
Value of theof the
Random Variable Y
(Number of Tails)
random variable
H, H Y are 0, 10 and 2
H, T 1
T, H 1
T, T 2
2 Defective Calculators
Suppose three calculators are tested at random. We want to find
out the number of defective calculators that occur. Let D represent the
defective calculator and N represents the non-defective calculator.
Complete the table below to show the values of the random variable.

So, the possible values

Value of the of
Possible Outcomes
the
Random Variable X
(number of defective calculator)
random variable
NNN X are 0, 01, 2 and 3
NND 1
NDN 1
DNN 1
NDD 2
DND 2
DDN 2
DDD 3
3 Tossing Three Coins
Suppose three coins are tossed. Let W be the random
variable representing the number of heads that occur. Find the
values of the random variable W. Complete the table below.
So, the possible
Possible Outcomes
values
Value
Valueof
ofthe
of the
theRandom
RandomVariable
VariableW
Y
random variable W are 0, 1,
(number
(number 2 and 3
ofofheads)
tails)
TTT 0
TTH 1
THT 1
HTT 1
HHT 2
HTH 2
THH 2
HHH 3
4 Drawing Balls from an Urn
Two balls are drawn in succession without replacement from
an urn containing 5 red balls and 6 blue balls. Let Z be the random
variable representing the number of blue balls. Find the values of
the random variable Z. Complete the table below.

So, the possible

Possible Outcomes values
Value of the of the
Random Variable Z
(number of blue balls)
random variable
RR
Z are 0, 0
1 and 2
RB 1
BR 1
BB 2
5
The school head of Tsinahis National
High School asked three parents if they are in
favor to have a Face-to-Face Graduation
Program. Each parent’s response is recorded
as YES (Y) or NO (N). What are the possible
values of the random variable that could be
made out of this experiment?
5

So, the possible values of the

random variable are 0, 1, 2 and 3
 Continuous
Random Variables
 Suppose an experiment is conducted
to determine the distance that a certain
type of car will travel using 10 liters of
gasoline over a prescribed test course. If
the speed is a random variable, then we
have an infinite number of distances that
cannot be equated to the number of
whole numbers.
How do you find the
values of a random
variable?
Your Turn!
Activity #1: Possible Values of Random Variables
1. Four coins are tossed. Let Z be the random variable
representing the number of heads that occur. Find the
values of the random variable Z.
Possible Outcomes Value of the Random Variable Z
2. A shipment of five computers contains two that are slightly
defective. If a retailer receives three of these computers at
random, list the elements of the sample space S using letters D
and N for defective and non-defective computers, respectively.
To each sample point assign a value of the random variable X
representing the number of computers purchased by the retailer
which are slightly defective.
Possible Outcomes Value of the Random Variable X
3. Let T be a random variable giving the number of heads
plus the number of tails in three tosses of a coin. List the
elements of the sample space S for the three tosses of the
coin and assign a value to each sample point.
Possible Outcomes Value of the Random Variable T
4. From a box containing 4 black balls and 2 green balls, 3 balls
are drawn in succession. Each ball is placed back in the box
before the next draw is made. Let G be a random variable
representing the number of green balls that occur. Find the
values of the random variable G.
Possible Outcomes Value of the Random Variable G
Worksheet #1: Random Variables
 Spread Love!
Wave and smile at random people,
then find out how many of them will
wave or smiles back.
MAnitohin