Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Entire chapter
TOPICS: Conceptual
NOTES: Pickup
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: The Logic and Techniques of Probability Sampling
TOPICS: Conceptual
NOTES: Pickup
3. You are doing research on hospital personnel—orderlies, technicians, nurses, and doctors. You want to be sure
you draw a sample that has cases in each of the personnel categories. You want to use probability sampling. An
appropriate strategy would be:
a. simple random sampling.
b. quota sampling.
c. cluster sampling.
d. stratified sampling.
e. accidental sampling.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Types of Sampling Designs
TOPICS: Applied
NOTES: Pickup
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: Types of Sampling Designs
TOPICS: Conceptual
NOTES: Pickup
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: The Logic and Techniques of Probability
TOPICS: Conceptual
NOTES: Modified
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: The Logic and Techniques of Probability
TOPICS: Applied
NOTES: Pickup
ANSWER: e
REFERENCES: The Logic and Techniques of Probability
TOPICS: Factual
NOTES: Pickup
8. A sampling interval of 5 was used to select a sample from a population of 1000. How many elements are to be in
the sample?
a. 5
b. 50
c. 100
d. 200
e. 1000
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Types of Sampling Designs
TOPICS: Applied
NOTES: Pickup
ANSWER: e
REFERENCES: The Logic and Techniques of Probability
TOPICS: Factual
NOTES: Pickup
11. Dr. Smith is instructing his graduate students to put together a sample for an upcoming research study of college
students. The graduate students were asked to stand outside of the student union to solicit participants, finding 50
freshmen, 50 sophomore, 50 juniors, and 50 seniors. What sort of sampling method is being used?
a. Simple random sampling
b. Quota sampling
c. Cluster sampling
d. Stratified sampling
e. Accidental sampling
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Nonprobability Sampling
TOPICS: Applied
NOTES: Pickup
12. Dr. Chang is conducting a research study of undergraduate students at her college. She wants to ensure an equal
number of students from each grade level, so she uses the list of all students provided by the registrar’s
office. From each list, she randomly selects 50 students from each group. What strategy of sampling is Dr.
Chang using?
a. Simple random sampling
b. Quota sampling
c. Cluster sampling
d. Stratified sampling
e. Accidental sampling
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Types of Sampling Designs
TOPICS: Applied
NOTES: Pickup
ANSWER: e
REFERENCES: Nonprobability Sampling
TOPICS: Applied
NOTES: Pickup
14. To ensure a sufficient number of cases from strata of varying sizes, researchers use:
a. simple random sampling.
b. systematic sampling.
c. proportionate sampling.
d. disproportionate sampling.
e. quota sampling.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Types of Sampling Designs
TOPICS: Factual
NOTES: Pickup
15. ______ is the general term for samples selected in accord with probability theory.
a. Probability sampling
b. Nonprobability sampling
c. Correlation
d. Theory
e. Snowball sampling
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: The Logic and Techniques of Probability
TOPICS: Factual
NOTES: New
18. Every kth element in a list is chosen for inclusion in the sample in:
a. simple random sampling.
b. systematic sampling.
c. disproportionate sampling.
d. cluster sampling.
e. stratified sampling.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Types of Sampling Designs
TOPICS: Factual
NOTES: Pickup
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: The Logic and Techniques of Probability
TOPICS: Applied
NOTES: Pickup
20. A researcher who uses a list of registered voters as a sampling frame, and selects every 5th person on the
randomized list is engaging in what kind of sampling?
a. Systematic
b. Stratified
c. Simple random
d. Quota
e. Multistage cluster
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: Types of Sampling Designs
TOPICS: Applied
NOTES: Pickup
21. If a field researcher wanted to learn a political organization's pattern of recruitment over time, the researcher might
begin by interviewing a fairly recent recruit and ask who introduced that person to the organization. Then the
researcher might interview the person named and ask who introduced that person to the political organization.
This would be an example of:
a. snowball sampling.
b. systematic sampling.
c. deviant cases sampling.
d. accidental sampling.
e. quota sampling.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: Nonprobability Sampling
TOPICS: Conceptual
NOTES: Pickup
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Types of Sampling Designs
TOPICS: Conceptual
NOTES: Modified
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: Types of Sampling Designs
TOPICS: Factual
NOTES: Pickup
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: The Logic and Techniques of Probability
TOPICS: Factual
NOTES: Pickup
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Types of Sampling Designs
TOPICS: Applied
NOTES: Pickup
26. Through a review of records, Rebecca was able to determine that the mean age of the population she was
studying was 23.4 years old. This is known as a(n)
a. statistic.
b. inference.
c. parameter.
d. confidence interval.
e. confidence level.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: The Logic and Techniques of Probability
TOPICS: Applied
NOTES: Pickup
ANSWER: e
REFERENCES: Types of Sampling Designs
TOPICS: Conceptual
NOTES: Pickup
ANSWER: e
REFERENCES: Nonprobability Sampling
TOPICS: Factual
NOTES: Pickup
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: The Logic and Techniques of Probability
TOPICS: Factual
NOTES: Modified
30. Samantha reports that 60 percent of the first year students at her university think they should be able to bring a car
to campus. She also notes that she is 95 percent certain that between 50 and 70 percent of the first year students
agree. Which of the following statements is FALSE?
a. The range from 50 to 70 percent is a confidence interval.
b. 95 percent refers to her confidence level.
c. 60 percent is a statistic.
d. She could be 99 percent certain that between 55 and 65 percent of the first year students agree.
e. All of these choices are TRUE.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: The Logic and Techniques of Probability
TOPICS: Applied
NOTES: Pickup
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: Types of Sampling Designs
TOPICS: Factual
NOTES: Pickup
32. Tammy wants to do a telephone survey and she turns to you for help. Which of the following statements would
mislead her?
a. Cell phone numbers are typically not included in phone surveys.
b. People who use cell phones exclusively tend to be younger.
c. There is a class bias in using telephone directory samples.
d. Telephone directories are an excellent listing of a city’s population.
e. None of these statements would mislead Tammy.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Populations and Sampling Frames
TOPICS: Applied
NOTES: Pickup
33. If possible, always sampling from the entire general population is preferable.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: Introduction
TOPICS: Conceptual
NOTES: Pickup
34. In a sample stratified by gender, the sampling error on this variable is reduced to zero.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: Types of Sampling Designs
TOPICS: Conceptual
NOTES: Pickup
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: Nonprobability Sampling
TOPICS: Conceptual
NOTES: Pickup
36. A confidence interval at the 68% confidence level will be larger than one constructed at the 95% confidence level.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: The Logic and Techniques of Probability
TOPICS: Conceptual
NOTES: Pickup
37. Snowball sampling would be an effective strategy for a researcher to use if a researcher was interested in studying
a population of gang members.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: Nonprobability Sampling
TOPICS: Conceptual
NOTES: New
38. Multistage sampling designs tend to have smaller sampling errors than single-stage sampling designs.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: Multistage Cluster Sampling
TOPICS: Factual
NOTES: Pickup
39. Generally, the more heterogeneous the population, the more beneficial it is to use stratified sampling.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: Types of Sampling Designs
TOPICS: Conceptual
NOTES: Pickup
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: The Logic and Techniques of Probability
TOPICS: Factual
NOTES: Pickup
41. Each stage in cluster sampling adds additional sampling error that must be taken into account.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: Multistage Cluster Sampling
TOPICS: Factual
NOTES: Pickup
42. Stratification represents a modification to rather than an alternative to simple random sampling and systematic
sampling.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: Types of Sampling Designs
TOPICS: Factual
NOTES: Pickup
43. The size of the population must be taken into account when deciding on sample size.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: The Logic and Techniques of Probability
TOPICS: Factual
NOTES: Pickup
44. A stratified sample is more likely to be representative on several variables than is a simple random sample.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: Types of Sampling Designs
TOPICS: Conceptual
NOTES: Pickup
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: Introduction
TOPICS: Factual
NOTES: Pickup
46. Simple random sampling is the most effective way to further understand uncommon populations.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: Types of Sampling Designs
TOPICS: Applied
NOTES: Pickup
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: The Logic and Techniques of Probability
TOPICS: Factual
NOTES: Pickup
48. If a population were perfectly homogeneous, a single case could represent the entire population.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: Introduction
TOPICS: Conceptual
NOTES: Pickup
49. Findings based on a sample can be taken as representing the elements that compose the sampling frame.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: The Logic and Techniques of Probability
TOPICS: Factual
NOTES: Pickup
51. Your friend is trying to decide whether to select a small probability sample or a large availability sample. He asks
for your recommendation. What do you recommend?
ANSWER: Typically, larger samples are better than smaller samples because the standard error tends to be
smaller with larger samples. However, this assumes the use of probability sampling. Using
nonprobability sampling we are denied the use of statistical theory to estimate sampling error.
Consequently, in this case a smaller sample based on probability sampling would be preferable
to a larger sample constructed using nonprobability sampling. It is assumed, however, that we
have access to a reasonable sampling frame that represents the population to which we would
like to generalize our findings.
REFERENCES: Entire chapter
NOTES: Pickup
52. When would it be preferable to use a non probability sample? Why would we need to do so? What concerns or
limitations would we have to deal with? Give examples.
ANSWER: Answer should focus on studying underrepresented or isolated populations in which we would
need to oversample (such as ethnic or social minorities) or populations in which a researcher
would not have access via conventional probability sampling methods, such as gangs or other
secretive organizations.
REFERENCES: Nonprobability Sampling
NOTES: Pickup
53. Telephone directories are notorious for being inadequate sampling frames for public opinion polls. What
problems are associated with using the telephone directory as a sampling frame in a public opinion poll?
ANSWER: Answers will typically include: 1) the telephone directory does not include new subscribers, 2)
the telephone directory does not list unlisted numbers, 3) the telephone directory typically
involves a social class bias as poor people are less likely to have phone, wealthy people may
have more than one line (or even unlisted lines).
REFERENCES: The Logic and Techniques of Probability
NOTES: Pickup
— Miksikö? Siksi että olen nähnyt, miten sinä olet ollut täynnäsi
pahuutta kuin myrkyllinen, käärme. Sinä et edes voinut pitää kavalia
hankkeitasi salassa; sinulla piti oleman joku, jolle aiheesi ilmoittaisit,
voidaksesi jo edeltäkäsin riemuita pahuuttasi. Arvaappas mitä minä
tunsin puhuessasi, miten etsit sopivaa tilaisuutta saattaaksesi Niilo
Iivarinpoikaa hengiltä. Hän, jota minä rakastin ja jonka puolesta
mielelläni olisin mennyt kuolemaan. Minä varoitin häntä, mutta hän ei
ymmärtänyt varoitustani, vaan on nyt kuolleena.
Samassa astui Niilo sisään, juuri kun Olavi taasen aukasi silmänsä
ja puoleksi kohosi jaloilleen.
— Ai, ai, sanoi nauraen Niilo. Jos minun täytyy jättää Ebba rouva
ja lähteä sotaan, niin tulet sinä siivosti mukaan, ja miten käy silloin
torpan, kun Kreeta yksinään saa sitä hoitaa.
— Sen hän osaa oivallisesti, kehui ylpeänä Pekka. Hän pystyy itse
kyntämään, jos niin tarvitaan, sillä siihen ovat Pohjanmaan reippaat
tyttösiipat nyt saanet oppia, kun niin monta miestä on hukkunut
tuohon tyhmään sotaan. Mutta sotapa ei sentään ollutkaan niin
tyhmä. Tällä haavaa on Pohjanmaalla miesväen puute, enkä muuten
kai olisi saanutkaan Kreetaa muassani tänne.
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