Sound is a result of vibration, this vibration is produced by a source and then it travels in a

medium as a WAVE and is ultimately sensed through the ear - drum.

Sound is made up of three very

basic elements:
 Frequency: how fast the vibrations are occurring
 Intensity: how loud the sound is
 Timbre: the sound's quality

The human ear has a frequency hearing range from 20 to 20,000 Hz. A sound's intensity
corresponds to the amount of energy associated with that sound. The decibel (dB) is used for
measuring the sound's energy in a way in which we humans perceive loudness. Timbre is
the complex wave pattern that occurs when overtones (multiples of the fundamental
frequency) are present along with the fundamental frequency.

Waveform Characteristics:
 Amplitude: How loud the signal is:

This can also be considered as “intensity”. Amplitude is simply volume i.e how
loud or soft the  sound is.. The unit of measurement for amplitude is called the
“Decibel”, written as “Db”.

 Frequency: How often it’s repeated

Pitch is a perceptual property of sounds that allows their ordering on a frequency-related scale,

[1]
 or more commonly, pitch is the quality that makes it possible to judge sounds as "higher" and
"lower" in the sense associated with musical melodies.[2] Pitch can be determined only in sounds
that have a frequency that is clear and stable enough to distinguish from noise.[3] Pitch is a
major auditory attribute of musical tones, along with duration, loudness, and timbre.

Bit depth
Analog audio is a continuous wave, with an effectively infinite number of possible
amplitude values. However, to measure this wave in digital audio, we need to define
the wave’s amplitude as a finite value each time we sample it. 
The bit depth determines the number of possible amplitude values we can record for
each sample. The most common bit depths are 16-bit, 24-bit, and 32-bit. Each is a
binary term, representing a number of possible values. Systems of higher bit depths
are able to express more possible values:
16-bit
65,536 values
24-bit
16,777,216 values
32-bit
4,294,967,296 values
Bit Rate refers to the audio quality of the stream. It is
measured in Kilobitspersec(kbps or k).  Bit rate is no of bits
(data) encoded per second or the no. of bits transmitted or
received per second. Higher the bit rate with more sampling
rate, requires high bandwidth and produces good audio
quality. Low bit rates refer to smaller file size and less
bandwidth with a drop in audio quality. For good quality
music usually 64-128kbps(96kbps+ recommended) bit rate is
preferred.

Sample Rate is the number of samples per unit time. A

sample is a measurement of signal amplitude and it contains
the information of the amplitude value of the signal waveform
over a period of time. The sample rate is also called as sample
frequency, higher the sample frequency obtains a signal which
is similar to original analog signal for good audio quality. The
file size depends upon the sample frequency. The bit depth
refers to no. of bits in each sample, determines the maximum
signal to noise ratio. The bit depth may be 16-bit, 24-bit, 32-
bit, for audio  CD 16-bit is preferred. The sample rate is
measured in hertz(Hz).

https://hookeaudio.com/blog/binaural-3d-audio/difference-mono-stereo-surround-binaural-
3d-sound/
Stereo Systems: 2.0 and 2.1 Channel Speaker
Systems
2.0 Stereo Speaker System

In a 2.0 stereo speaker system, you’re going to have two speakers

beside your television – one to the left and one to the right. Your
speakers will likely be powered by a good receiver or even an
amplifier. In some cases, the speakers are active and do not require a
separate power source. You will not have a subwoofer, and the
speakers will be compatible with TV, DVD, and mobile devices, such as
phones and laptops.

A 2.0 stereo system is a basic stereo setup with no surround sound

and is typically used to listen to music. It is an affordable setup that
may be a start to a home theater, and it helps keep things simple. It will
give movies and TV a better sound than the tiny speakers that TVs
come with, so there is nothing wrong with this simple setup.
2.1 Speaker System

The 2.0 stereo sound system will give your home theater a bit of a
better sound, compared to the sole two-speaker setup. You’ll have
your left and right speakers on each side of your television, and with
the addition of one subwoofer, you’ll get added bass and depth to your
home theater sound system.

Since there are no surrounding speakers, this setup is still a pretty

basic setup, but adding the subwoofer will definitely enhance the
sound to provide a more complex experience. You’ll hear lower
frequencies better, and you’ll enjoy a clutter-free home theater,
without tons of wires running everywhere.

Many soundbars are a 2.1-channel setup, and this setup is commonly

used to enjoy movies, TV, and music.

3.1 Sound System

DTS vs. Dolby Digital: What You
Need to Know

Just like music, surround-sound formats come in many standards. The two
most popular ones supported by a broad range of high-end audio systems
are DTS and Dolby Digital. The battle of DTS vs. Dolby sound is a hotly
debated issue. Some audiophiles argue that DTS is capable of delivering
better sound quality than its counterpart, Dolby Digital.

This reasoning arises probably because DTS surround sound is usually

encoded at a higher data rate than the corresponding Dolby formats.
Others argue that Dolby Digital is far more advanced and so is its sound
quality

What Are DTS and Dolby Digital?

Dolby Digital is the name for audio compression technology developed by

the Dolby Labs. DTS stands for Digital Theater Systems, a popular home
theater audio format that was developed in 1993 as a competitor to Dolby
Labs in the development of surround sound audio technology for movie
production. Both DTS and Dolby Digital provide surround sound codecs for
5.1, 6.1 (rare) and 7.1 setups where the first number represents the number
of small surround speakers, and the “1” is a separate channel for a
subwoofer.

Both formats utilize “perceptual” data reduction techniques to remove

useless data in PCM signal output, thereby preserving high fidelity
sound. In addition to the 5.1 to 7.1 speaker playback, different formats offer
cutting edge audio technology geared toward enhancing the sound quality.
For instance, DTS and Dolby Digital use compression to save space either
on the disc, as is the case with Blu-Ray and DVDs or on streaming
bandwidth for services like Netflix.
Some versions of Dolby Digital and DTS are “lossy” which means they have
a degree of audio degradation from the original source while others are
lossless. Dolby, for example, has a lossless version, Dolby TrueHD, and a
lossy version, Dolby Digital Plus. The lossy version takes up very little space
on Blu-Ray discs. DTS also has a lossless version, DTS-HD Master
Audio, that supports 7.1 channels speaker setup.

Differences Between DTS and Dolby Digital

The main difference between DTS and Dolby Digital is seen in the bit rates
and compression levels. Dolby digital compresses 5.1ch digital audio data
down to a raw bit rate of 640 kilobits per second (kbps). However, the
640kbits/s is only applicable to Blu-Ray discs. The maximum bit rates that
Dolby Digital can support for DVD Video and DVD audio is up to
448kbits/s.

To squeeze in all the relevant data, Dolby Digital employs a variable

compression of around 10 to 12:1. DTS surround sound, on the other hand,
applies a maximum raw bit rate of up to 1.5 megabits per second. However,
that bit rate is limited to approximately 768 kilobits per second on DVD
video. Due to the higher bit rate supported by this format, DTS requires
significantly low compression of about 4:1.

In theory, the lesser the compression used in the encoding, the more
realistic the sound becomes as it better represents the original source.
What this means is that DTS has the potential to produce better sound
quality than Dolby Digital. Here’s a breakdown of the various versions you’ll
find in each standard and their bit rates.

DTS
 DTS Digital Surround – 5.1 maximum channel sound at 1.5 Mbps

 DTS HD Master Audio – 7.1ch maximum sound at 24.5 Mbps (lossless

quality)

 DTS HD High-resolution – 7.1ch maximum sound at 6 Mbps

Dolby
 Dolby Digital – 5.1ch maximum sound at 640 Kbps (common in
DVDs)

 Dolby Digital Plus – 7.1ch maximum sound at 1.7 Mbps (supported by

streaming services like Netflix)

 Dolby TrueHD – 7.1ch maximum sound at 18 Mbps (lossless quality

available on Blu-Ray discs)

Which One Is More Superior?

Comparing DTS and Dolby Digital in consumer applications reveals that

both standards are closer in terms of audio performance. By looking at the
specs above, DTS seems to have an edge against Dolby due to the higher
bitrate in all of its three versions. However, higher bitrates don’t always
mean higher quality. There are other factors such as signal to noise ratio
and dynamic range that some audiophiles might consider better in Dolby
rather than DTS.